空气细菌真菌污染的分级评价构建方法
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摘要
针对空气细菌真菌污染评价存在的不足,搜集整理现有研究文献中对室内外空气细菌和真菌的现场实测数据,利用拟合优度χ~2检验法证明了在显著性水平α为0.05时,室内外空气细菌和真菌分别采用撞击法和沉降法的8组浓度数据均服从正态分布,并结合正态分布的3σ原则和现行评价标准,给出了可用于空气细菌真菌分级评价的浓度建议区间,研究成果可为将来制定空气细菌真菌污染的评价标准提供参考.
In this paper,in order to settle existing problems in the assessment of air bacteria and fungi contamination,the indoor and outdoor air bacteria and fungi filed concentrations by impact method and settlement method in existing documents were collected and analyzed,then the goodness of chi square was used to test whether these concentration data obeyed normal distribution at the significant level of α = 0. 05,and combined with the 3σ principle of normal distribution and the current assessment standards,the suggested concentrations ranges of air microbial concentrations were determined. The research results could provide a reference for developing air bacteria and fungi contamination assessment standards in the future.
In this paper,in order to settle existing problems in the assessment of air bacteria and fungi contamination,the indoor and outdoor air bacteria and fungi filed concentrations by impact method and settlement method in existing documents were collected and analyzed,then the goodness of chi square was used to test whether these concentration data obeyed normal distribution at the significant level of α = 0. 05,and combined with the 3σ principle of normal distribution and the current assessment standards,the suggested concentrations ranges of air microbial concentrations were determined. The research results could provide a reference for developing air bacteria and fungi contamination assessment standards in the future.
引文
[1]陈锷,万东,褚可成,等.空气微生物污染的监测及研究进展[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(4):171-178.
[2]赵莹莹,徐姝颖,刘登勇.校园室内空气中微生物含量的调查分析[J].渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(1):52-55.
[3]张雅婕,魏建荣,绳志强.2012年部分社区大气微生物学指标污染现况分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2012,4(2):132-134.
[4]傅本重,赵洪波,洪英娣,等.昆明部分地区秋季空气微生物污染监测与评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(12):1111-1112.
[5]冯友仁,周德明.长沙市不同功能区空气微生物污染与评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2008,21(6):12-14.
[6]陈春华,倪兆斌,潘建听,等.嘉兴市不同区域空气微生物污染状况调查[J].嘉兴学院学报,2006,18(6):78-80.
[7]谢淑敏.京津地区大气微生物本底研究[J].环境科学,1986,7(5):57-62,44.
[8]GB 15982-2012,医院消毒卫生标准[S].
[9]GB/T 18883-2002,室内空气质量标准[S].
[10]GB 9671-1996,医院候诊室卫生标准[S].
[11]GB 9668-1996,体育馆卫生标准[S].
[12]GB 9673-1996,公共交通工具卫生标准[S].
[13]GB 9666-1996,理发店、美容店卫生标准[S].
[14]GB 9670-1996,商场(店)、书店卫生标准[S].
[15]GB 9664-1996,文化娱乐场所卫生标准[S].
[16]GB 9663-1996,旅店业卫生标准[S].
[17]GB/T 17903-1997,室内空气中细菌总数卫生标准[S].
[18]GB 9667-1996,游泳场所卫生标准[S].
[19]GB 9672-1996,公共交通等候室卫生标准[S].
[20]GB 16153-1996,饭馆(餐厅)卫生标准[S].
[21]GB 9669-1996,图书馆、博物馆、美术馆、展览馆卫生标准[S].
[22]方治国,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.北京城市空气细菌群落结构与动态变化特征[J].微生物学报,2006,46(4):618-623.
[23]王春华,谢小保,曾海燕,等.深圳市空气微生物污染状况监测分析[J].微生物学杂志,2008,28(4):93-97.
[24]傅本重,赵洪波,永保聪,等.昆明市不同功能区夏季空气微生物污染监测[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(3):104-106.
[25]Lee J H,Jo W K.Characteristics of indoor and outdoor bioaerosols at Korean high-rise apartment buildings[J].Environmental Research,2006,101(1):11-17.
[26]周慧晶,郭振江.近年葫芦岛市区空气微生物浓度变化特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2008,24(2):68-72.
[27]王亚霞,魏兰芬,潘协商,等.撞击法与沉降法采样对洁净手术室空气细菌总数检测结果比较[J].中国消毒学杂志,2014,31(3).291-292.
[28]Jo W K,Seo Y J.Indoor and outdoor bioaerosol levels at recreation facilities,elementary schools and homes[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(11):1570-1579.
[29]Kim K Y,Kim C N.Airborne microbiological characteristics in public buildings of Korea[J].Building and Environment,2007,42(5):2188-2196.
[30]陈怡平,崔瑛,曹军骥.西安市秋季空气微生物群落结构和生态分布[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(10):885-887.
[31]Salonen H,Lappalainen S,Lindroos O,et al.Fungi and bacteria in mould-damaged and non-damaged office environments in a subarctic climate[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(32):6797-6807.
[32]Tsai F C,Macher J M,Hung Y Y.Biodiversity and concentrations of airborne fungi in large US office buildings from the BASE study[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(25):5181-5191.
[33]方治国,欧阳志云,刘芃,等.北京市居家空气微生物污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(4):1166-1172.
[34]孙宗科,康怀雄,申志新,等.南方和北方城市住宅室内空气微生物调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(2):130-132.
[35]康琦,吕锐.某大学校园室内空气细菌含量检测及空气质量评价[J].青岛大学医学院学报,2012,48(5):449-450.
[36]董微巍,李琰.校园室内细菌总数调查与分析[J].延边大学农学学报,2009,31(4):284-286.
[37]潘立勇,孙菱,杨靖,等.城市人居环境空气微生物污染评价指标的比较分析与研究[A].见:中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第一卷)[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.450-455.
[38]胡利峰.北京城市生态系统空气真菌群落结构与动态变化研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2005.
[39]谢小宝,欧阳友生,曾海燕,等.广州地铁站空气微生物污染状况研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志.2008,18(9):1883-1884,1907.
[40]欧阳友生,谢小宝,陈仪本,等.广州市空气微生物含量及其变化规律研究[J].微生物学通报,2006,33(3):47-51.
[41]杨虎,刘琼蓀,钟波.数理统计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.70-77.
[42]薛定宇,陈阳泉.高等应用数学问题的MATLABA求解[M].(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2008.336-339.
[43]方子梁.病房室内空气微生物污染研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.11-28.
[44]Cabral J P S.Can we use indoor fungi as bioindicators of indoor air quality?Historical perspectives and open questions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(20):4285-4295.
[45]JoséA,Orosa,Armando C,et al.An indoor air perception method to detect fungi growth in flats[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2012,39(3):3740-3746.
[46]Haas D,Galler H,Luxner J,et al.The concentrations of culturable microorganisms in relation to particulate matter in urban air[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,65:215-222.
[2]赵莹莹,徐姝颖,刘登勇.校园室内空气中微生物含量的调查分析[J].渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(1):52-55.
[3]张雅婕,魏建荣,绳志强.2012年部分社区大气微生物学指标污染现况分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2012,4(2):132-134.
[4]傅本重,赵洪波,洪英娣,等.昆明部分地区秋季空气微生物污染监测与评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(12):1111-1112.
[5]冯友仁,周德明.长沙市不同功能区空气微生物污染与评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2008,21(6):12-14.
[6]陈春华,倪兆斌,潘建听,等.嘉兴市不同区域空气微生物污染状况调查[J].嘉兴学院学报,2006,18(6):78-80.
[7]谢淑敏.京津地区大气微生物本底研究[J].环境科学,1986,7(5):57-62,44.
[8]GB 15982-2012,医院消毒卫生标准[S].
[9]GB/T 18883-2002,室内空气质量标准[S].
[10]GB 9671-1996,医院候诊室卫生标准[S].
[11]GB 9668-1996,体育馆卫生标准[S].
[12]GB 9673-1996,公共交通工具卫生标准[S].
[13]GB 9666-1996,理发店、美容店卫生标准[S].
[14]GB 9670-1996,商场(店)、书店卫生标准[S].
[15]GB 9664-1996,文化娱乐场所卫生标准[S].
[16]GB 9663-1996,旅店业卫生标准[S].
[17]GB/T 17903-1997,室内空气中细菌总数卫生标准[S].
[18]GB 9667-1996,游泳场所卫生标准[S].
[19]GB 9672-1996,公共交通等候室卫生标准[S].
[20]GB 16153-1996,饭馆(餐厅)卫生标准[S].
[21]GB 9669-1996,图书馆、博物馆、美术馆、展览馆卫生标准[S].
[22]方治国,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.北京城市空气细菌群落结构与动态变化特征[J].微生物学报,2006,46(4):618-623.
[23]王春华,谢小保,曾海燕,等.深圳市空气微生物污染状况监测分析[J].微生物学杂志,2008,28(4):93-97.
[24]傅本重,赵洪波,永保聪,等.昆明市不同功能区夏季空气微生物污染监测[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(3):104-106.
[25]Lee J H,Jo W K.Characteristics of indoor and outdoor bioaerosols at Korean high-rise apartment buildings[J].Environmental Research,2006,101(1):11-17.
[26]周慧晶,郭振江.近年葫芦岛市区空气微生物浓度变化特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2008,24(2):68-72.
[27]王亚霞,魏兰芬,潘协商,等.撞击法与沉降法采样对洁净手术室空气细菌总数检测结果比较[J].中国消毒学杂志,2014,31(3).291-292.
[28]Jo W K,Seo Y J.Indoor and outdoor bioaerosol levels at recreation facilities,elementary schools and homes[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(11):1570-1579.
[29]Kim K Y,Kim C N.Airborne microbiological characteristics in public buildings of Korea[J].Building and Environment,2007,42(5):2188-2196.
[30]陈怡平,崔瑛,曹军骥.西安市秋季空气微生物群落结构和生态分布[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(10):885-887.
[31]Salonen H,Lappalainen S,Lindroos O,et al.Fungi and bacteria in mould-damaged and non-damaged office environments in a subarctic climate[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(32):6797-6807.
[32]Tsai F C,Macher J M,Hung Y Y.Biodiversity and concentrations of airborne fungi in large US office buildings from the BASE study[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(25):5181-5191.
[33]方治国,欧阳志云,刘芃,等.北京市居家空气微生物污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(4):1166-1172.
[34]孙宗科,康怀雄,申志新,等.南方和北方城市住宅室内空气微生物调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(2):130-132.
[35]康琦,吕锐.某大学校园室内空气细菌含量检测及空气质量评价[J].青岛大学医学院学报,2012,48(5):449-450.
[36]董微巍,李琰.校园室内细菌总数调查与分析[J].延边大学农学学报,2009,31(4):284-286.
[37]潘立勇,孙菱,杨靖,等.城市人居环境空气微生物污染评价指标的比较分析与研究[A].见:中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第一卷)[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.450-455.
[38]胡利峰.北京城市生态系统空气真菌群落结构与动态变化研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2005.
[39]谢小宝,欧阳友生,曾海燕,等.广州地铁站空气微生物污染状况研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志.2008,18(9):1883-1884,1907.
[40]欧阳友生,谢小宝,陈仪本,等.广州市空气微生物含量及其变化规律研究[J].微生物学通报,2006,33(3):47-51.
[41]杨虎,刘琼蓀,钟波.数理统计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.70-77.
[42]薛定宇,陈阳泉.高等应用数学问题的MATLABA求解[M].(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2008.336-339.
[43]方子梁.病房室内空气微生物污染研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.11-28.
[44]Cabral J P S.Can we use indoor fungi as bioindicators of indoor air quality?Historical perspectives and open questions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(20):4285-4295.
[45]JoséA,Orosa,Armando C,et al.An indoor air perception method to detect fungi growth in flats[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2012,39(3):3740-3746.
[46]Haas D,Galler H,Luxner J,et al.The concentrations of culturable microorganisms in relation to particulate matter in urban air[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,65:215-222.