城市黑臭水体空气微生物污染及健康风险
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摘要
针对城市黑臭水体周边空气可能存在的微生物污染,在城市黑臭水体离岸一定范围内,对细菌、真菌、总微生物的污染特征及其对不同类型人群健康风险进行了研究.结果表明,城市黑臭水体离岸200 m范围内以细菌和真菌污染为主;静风条件下,离岸20 m范围内存在微生物浓度聚集现象;细菌、真菌、总微生物浓度上午较高,中午次之,下午较低;离岸200 m范围内,黑臭水体断面宽度与细菌、真菌、总微生物浓度有显著相关性;长居人群微生物健康风险主要集中在离岸100m范围内;同等离岸距离,短期暴露健康风险儿童最大,女性次之,男性短期暴露风险最小.
Aiming at the possible air microbial pollution of urban black odorous water the contamination characteristics of bacteria,fungi and total microbe as well as health risks of different types of population within certain distance from the urban black odorous water were studied. The results showed that bacteria and fungi pollution was primary within offshore 200m; under near calm condition,there was an aggregation phenomenon of microorganisms within offshore 20m; the concentrations of bacteria,fungi and total microbe were the highest in the morning,the middle at noon,and the lowest in the afternoon; within offshore 200 m,the width of black odorous water was significantly correlated with the concentrations of bacteria,fungi and total microorganisms; the microbial health risk of residents mainly existed in the offshore 100 m range; at the same offshore distance,the short-term exposure health risk to children was the greatest,followed by women,men to a minimum.
Aiming at the possible air microbial pollution of urban black odorous water the contamination characteristics of bacteria,fungi and total microbe as well as health risks of different types of population within certain distance from the urban black odorous water were studied. The results showed that bacteria and fungi pollution was primary within offshore 200m; under near calm condition,there was an aggregation phenomenon of microorganisms within offshore 20m; the concentrations of bacteria,fungi and total microbe were the highest in the morning,the middle at noon,and the lowest in the afternoon; within offshore 200 m,the width of black odorous water was significantly correlated with the concentrations of bacteria,fungi and total microorganisms; the microbial health risk of residents mainly existed in the offshore 100 m range; at the same offshore distance,the short-term exposure health risk to children was the greatest,followed by women,men to a minimum.
引文
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[26]Wei X,Gao B,Wang P,et al.Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dusts from different functional areas in Beijing,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,112:186-192.
[27]张文超,吕森林,刘丁彧,等.宣威街道尘中重金属的分布特征及其健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1810-1817.
[28]段海静,蔡晓强,阮心玲,等.开封市公园地表灰尘重金属污染及健康风险[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2972-2980.
[29]向华丽,杨俊,仇珍珍,等.隧道工人的PM10职业暴露特征调查分析及其健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2768-2774.
[2]He D F,Chen R R,Zhu E H,et al.Toxicity bioassays for water from black-odor rivers in Wenzhou,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(3):1731-1741.
[3]刘海洪,李先宁,宋海亮.浅水湖泊防控黑臭水体复氧技术[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(3):526-530.
[4]胡洪营,孙艳,席劲瑛,等.城市黑臭水体治理与水质长效改善保持技术分析[J].环境保护,2015,43(13):24-26.
[5]卢信,冯紫艳,商景阁,等.不同有机基质诱发的水体黑臭及主要致臭物(VOSCs)产生机制研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3152-3159.
[6]Wang G F,Li X N,Fang Y,et al.Analysis on the formation condition of the algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2014,21(6):597-604.
[7]陈锷,万东,褚可成,等.空气微生物污染的监测及研究进展[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(4):171-178.
[8]徐蕾.徐州市环境空气微生物监测分析及与PM10相关性研究[J].北方环境,2013,29(1):76-78.
[9]傅本重,赵洪波,洪英娣,等.昆明部分地区秋季空气微生物污染监测与评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(12):1111-1112.
[10]方治国,孙平,欧阳志云,等.北京市居家空气微生物粒径及分布特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2526-2532.
[11]谈书勤,胡贵方,顾大勇.空气微生物气溶胶富集、检测与空气消毒技术研究进展[J].中国消毒学杂志,2012,29(12):1115-1120.
[12]黄野能,王宇平,高博,等.长乐国际机场空气中微生物监测及其动态规律[J].职业与健康,2014,30(10):1371-1373.
[13]Sri Lakshmi A,Narasimha G.Production of cellulases by fungal cultures isolated from forest litter soil[J].Annals of Forest Research,2012,55(1):85-92.
[14]赵秀阁,黄楠,段小丽,等.环境健康风险评价中的皮肤暴露参数[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(2):124-126.
[15]郭鹏然,雷永乾,周巧丽,等.电镀厂周边环境中重金属分布特征及人体健康暴露风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3447-3456.
[16]环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.56-109.
[17]Skóra J,Gutarowska B,Pielech-Przybylska K,et al.Assessment of microbiological contamination in the work environments of museums,archives and libraries[J].Aerobiologia,2015,31(3):389-401.
[18]Balasubramanian R,Nainar P,Rajasekar A.Airborne bacteria,fungi,and endotoxin levels in residential microenvironments:a case study[J].Aerobiologia,2012,28(3):375-390.
[19]Daneshzadeh Tabrizi R,Bernard A,Thommen A M,et al.Surfactant protein-D and exposure to bioaerosols in wastewater and garbage workers[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2010,83(8):879-886.
[20]Martin E,Dziurowitz N,Jckel U,et al.Detection of airborne bacteria in a duck production facility with two different personal air sampling devices for an exposure assessment[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2015,12(2):77-86.
[21]刘蕊,张辉,勾昕,等.健康风险评估方法在中国重金属污染中的应用及暴露评估模型的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(7):1239-1244.
[22]Nasir Z A,Colbeck I.Assessment of bacterial and fungal aerosol in different residential settings[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2010,211(1-4):367-377.
[23]Domingo J L,Rovira J,Vilavert L,et al.Health risks for the population living in the vicinity of an Integrated Waste Management Facility:Screening environmental pollutants[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,518-519:363-370.
[24]Douwes J,Thorne P,Pearce N,et al.Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment:Progress and prospects[J].The Annals of Occupational Hygiene,2003,47(3):187-200.
[25]Trafny E A,Lewandowski R,Stepinska M,et al.Biological threat detection in the air and on the surface:How to define the risk[J].Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis,2014,62(4):253-261.
[26]Wei X,Gao B,Wang P,et al.Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dusts from different functional areas in Beijing,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,112:186-192.
[27]张文超,吕森林,刘丁彧,等.宣威街道尘中重金属的分布特征及其健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1810-1817.
[28]段海静,蔡晓强,阮心玲,等.开封市公园地表灰尘重金属污染及健康风险[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2972-2980.
[29]向华丽,杨俊,仇珍珍,等.隧道工人的PM10职业暴露特征调查分析及其健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2768-2774.