2015–2017年全国传染病网络直报系统血吸虫病病例报告情况分析
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摘要
目的了解全国传染病网络直报系统中血吸虫病病例报告情况,查找病例报告工作中存在的不足,并对报告病例流行特征进行分析。方法在全国传染病网络直报系统中,导出2015–2017年血吸虫病报告病例数据,分析病例上报情况及病例流行病学特征。结果 2015–2017年全国传染病网络直报系统共上报血吸虫病病例59 981例,其中删除病例1 460例、终审病例58 521例。病例报告中存在不规范问题,主要涉及随意删除病例、病例上报时间不符合规定、病例分类错误和漏报。58 521例终审病例中,男女性别比为1.83∶1;平均年龄(51.91±11.30)岁,农民和渔(船)民分别占93.26%(54 577例)和3.46%(2 022例)。国内病例主要集中在安徽、湖南、湖北和江西,4省报告病例数占全国病例总数的99.73%。北京、浙江等省(直辖市、自治区)共报告11例国外输入性曼氏血吸虫病和埃及血吸虫病病例。结论 2015–2017年全国传染病网络直报系统中血吸虫病报告病例以临床诊断病例为主;与全国血吸虫病防治工作年报表相比,全国传染病网络直报系统中血吸虫病确诊病例漏报严重。
Objective To understand the reporting situation of schistosomiasis cases in National Notifiable Disease Report System(NNDRS) in China from 2015 to 2017, and to seek current deficiencies on case reporting as well as to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of schistosomiasis cases. Methods The data of schistosomiasis cases in China from 2015 to 2017 were collected from NNDRS, and the reporting situation and epidemiological characteristics of schistosomiasis cases were analyzed. Results From 2015 to 2017, totally 59 981 schistosomiasis cases were reported in China, among which, 1 460 cases were deleted, and 58 521 were censored cases. The statistics and analysis showed that a part of the case reporting had been carried out in nonstandard ways, mainly involving the random deletion of cases, reporting time not compliance with regulations, incorrect classification, and severe omission of cases. Among the 58 521 censored cases, the sex ratio of the male to the female was 1.83∶1,the average age of the cases was(51.91 ± 11.30) years, and farmers and fishermen accounted for 93.26%(54 577 cases) and3.46%(2 022 cases), respectively. The reported cases mainly concentrated in Anhui, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, accounting for 99.73% of the total number in China. During this period, Beijing, Zhejiang and other provinces(cities and regions)reported 11 imported schistosomiasis cases, all of them were schistosomiasis mansoni cases or schistosomiasis haematobia cases.Conclusions From 2015 to 2017, the reported cases of schistosomiasis are mainly clinically diagnosed cases. Compared with the annual report of the national schistosomiasis control, the number of confirmed cases in NNDRS is seriously missed. Therefore, the endemic provinces should strengthen the supervision on confirmed cases and reporting quality of schistosomiasis casesin accordance with the relevant law and regulation.
Objective To understand the reporting situation of schistosomiasis cases in National Notifiable Disease Report System(NNDRS) in China from 2015 to 2017, and to seek current deficiencies on case reporting as well as to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of schistosomiasis cases. Methods The data of schistosomiasis cases in China from 2015 to 2017 were collected from NNDRS, and the reporting situation and epidemiological characteristics of schistosomiasis cases were analyzed. Results From 2015 to 2017, totally 59 981 schistosomiasis cases were reported in China, among which, 1 460 cases were deleted, and 58 521 were censored cases. The statistics and analysis showed that a part of the case reporting had been carried out in nonstandard ways, mainly involving the random deletion of cases, reporting time not compliance with regulations, incorrect classification, and severe omission of cases. Among the 58 521 censored cases, the sex ratio of the male to the female was 1.83∶1,the average age of the cases was(51.91 ± 11.30) years, and farmers and fishermen accounted for 93.26%(54 577 cases) and3.46%(2 022 cases), respectively. The reported cases mainly concentrated in Anhui, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, accounting for 99.73% of the total number in China. During this period, Beijing, Zhejiang and other provinces(cities and regions)reported 11 imported schistosomiasis cases, all of them were schistosomiasis mansoni cases or schistosomiasis haematobia cases.Conclusions From 2015 to 2017, the reported cases of schistosomiasis are mainly clinically diagnosed cases. Compared with the annual report of the national schistosomiasis control, the number of confirmed cases in NNDRS is seriously missed. Therefore, the endemic provinces should strengthen the supervision on confirmed cases and reporting quality of schistosomiasis casesin accordance with the relevant law and regulation.
引文
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[13]高扬,孙乐平,吴红辉,等.流动渔船民血吸虫病防治措施的研究Ⅱ渔船民粪便管理为主的综合措施控制血吸虫病的效果[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2009,21(4):262-266.
[14]曹淳力,鲍子平,祝红庆,等.湖区渔船民血吸虫病防治需求分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2010,22(6):567-571.
[15]朱蓉,许静.我国境外输入性血吸虫病的疫情现状与防控思考[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2014,26(2):111-114.
[16]梁幼生,汪伟,洪青标,等.非洲输入性血吸虫病在中国的传播风险及其应对措施[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2013,25(3):221-225.
[2]张利娟,徐志敏,钱颖骏,等.2015年全国血吸虫病疫情通报[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(6):611-617.
[3]梁勋寅,王能日,袁修柏.血吸虫传染源综合防治面临的问题与对策[J].人民长江,2009,40(3):107-108.
[4]周晓农,汪天平,王立英,等.中国血吸虫病流行现状分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2004,25(7):555-558.
[5]Yang S,Wu J,Ding C,et al.Epidemiological features of and changes in incidence of infectious diseases in China in the first decade after the SARS outbreak:an observational trend study[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2017,17(7):716-725.
[6]Li SZ,Qian MB,Zhang LJ,et al.Changing trends of neglected tropical diseases in China[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2017,17(9):901.
[7]薛志强,吴传安,李基,等.医院传染病漏报调查与报卡质量评价[J].疾病监测,2005,20(11):590-592.
[8]尚晓鹏,吴晨,吴昊澄,等.浙江省医疗机构传染病报告质量调查[J].浙江预防医学,2015,27(6):635-637.
[9]Hinz R,Schwarz NG,Hahn A,et al.Serological approaches for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis-A review[J].Mol Cell Probes,2017,31(SI):2-21.
[10]Yin M,Liu X,Xu B,et al.Genetic variation between Schistosoma japonicum lineages from lake and mountainous regions in China revealed by resequencing whole genomes[J].Acta Trop,2016,161(9):79-85.
[11]林敏,徐长久,胡鹏.消除耕牛控制血吸虫病传染源对农民生产生活影响的调查[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2009,4(6):483.
[12]高扬,杨军,孙乐平,等.流动渔船民血吸虫病防治措施的研究Ⅰ渔船民集散地无害化公厕的建立[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,1252008,20(2):102-105,76.
[13]高扬,孙乐平,吴红辉,等.流动渔船民血吸虫病防治措施的研究Ⅱ渔船民粪便管理为主的综合措施控制血吸虫病的效果[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2009,21(4):262-266.
[14]曹淳力,鲍子平,祝红庆,等.湖区渔船民血吸虫病防治需求分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2010,22(6):567-571.
[15]朱蓉,许静.我国境外输入性血吸虫病的疫情现状与防控思考[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2014,26(2):111-114.
[16]梁幼生,汪伟,洪青标,等.非洲输入性血吸虫病在中国的传播风险及其应对措施[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2013,25(3):221-225.