土壤及生物炭对草甘膦的吸附作用
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摘要
为了确定生物炭修复草甘膦污染土壤的可行性,通过添加不同比例和种类的生物炭到土壤中,研究土壤对草甘膦的吸附效果。采用吸附动力学拟合、等温吸附分析、红外光谱测定分析方法。结果表明:草甘膦能强烈地吸附在红壤及稻壳炭、竹炭、竹柳炭中,相比于红壤,3种生物炭达到吸附平衡时间短。吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。Freundlich吸附等温方程中1/n数值均<1,表明红壤和3种生物炭对草甘膦的吸附方式是非线性吸附,且非线性程度大小为竹柳炭>竹炭>红壤>稻壳炭。生物炭添加到红壤中,可以提高红壤吸附草甘膦的量,生物炭添加比例越高,土壤吸附草甘膦的量也越高。土壤中添加生物炭比例相同时,竹炭使土壤吸附草甘膦的量最高,竹柳炭次之、稻壳炭最低。3种生物炭吸附草甘膦前后的红外光谱分析阐明了酚、胺、芳香烃、羧酸、羧酸盐、脂肪醚等在吸附过程中起重要作用。
In order to determine the feasibility of biochar to repair glyphosate-contaminated soil, the adsorption effect of soil on glyphosate was studied by adding different proportions and types of biochar to the soil. After adsorption kinetics fitting, isothermal adsorption analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used. The results showed that glyphosate was strongly adsorbed in soil, rice husk carbon, bamboo charcoal and bamboo fillet carbon. Compared with soil, the other three biochars had the shorter adsorption equilibrium time. Adsorption kinetics conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic equation, and isothermal adsorption conformed to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. In the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation, all 1/n values were < 1, which showed that the adsorption of glyphosate by soil and three biochars was non-linear, and the degree of non-linearity was bamboo fillet carbon > bamboo charcoal > red soil > rice husk carbon. Adding biochar to red soil could increase the adsorption of glyphosate in red soil. The higher the ratio of biochar addition, the higher the amount of glyphosate adsorbed by the soil. When the proportions of biochar added in soil were the same, bamboo charcoal was added to red soil to make the highest amount of glyphosate adsorbed on soil, followed by bamboo charcoal, and rice husk charcoal. The infrared spectra before and after the adsorption of glyphosate by three biochars demonstrated that phenol, amine, aromatic hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid, carboxylate and adipoether played the important role in the adsorption process.
In order to determine the feasibility of biochar to repair glyphosate-contaminated soil, the adsorption effect of soil on glyphosate was studied by adding different proportions and types of biochar to the soil. After adsorption kinetics fitting, isothermal adsorption analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used. The results showed that glyphosate was strongly adsorbed in soil, rice husk carbon, bamboo charcoal and bamboo fillet carbon. Compared with soil, the other three biochars had the shorter adsorption equilibrium time. Adsorption kinetics conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic equation, and isothermal adsorption conformed to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. In the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation, all 1/n values were < 1, which showed that the adsorption of glyphosate by soil and three biochars was non-linear, and the degree of non-linearity was bamboo fillet carbon > bamboo charcoal > red soil > rice husk carbon. Adding biochar to red soil could increase the adsorption of glyphosate in red soil. The higher the ratio of biochar addition, the higher the amount of glyphosate adsorbed by the soil. When the proportions of biochar added in soil were the same, bamboo charcoal was added to red soil to make the highest amount of glyphosate adsorbed on soil, followed by bamboo charcoal, and rice husk charcoal. The infrared spectra before and after the adsorption of glyphosate by three biochars demonstrated that phenol, amine, aromatic hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid, carboxylate and adipoether played the important role in the adsorption process.
引文
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[19] 单瑞峰,孙小银,王萧,等.应用近红外光谱快速分析生物炭性质[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(3):282-287.
[2] Sannino F,Gianfreda L.Pesticide influence on soil enzymatic activities [J].Chemosphere,2001,45(4):417-425.
[3] 邓晓,李雅琦.草甘膦对土壤微生物影响的研究[J].农药,2005,44(2):59-62.
[4] 姜伟丽,马小艳,彭军,等.除草剂草甘膦对棉田土壤酶活性的影响[J].棉花学报,2014,26(5):431-437.
[5] 呼蕾.草甘膦对土壤生化活性影响的研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[6] Mayakaduwa S S,Kumarathilaka P,Herath I,et al.Equilibrium and kinetic mechanisms of woody biochar on aqueous glyphosate removal [J].Chemosphere,2016,144:2516-2521.
[7] Herath I,Kumarathilaka P,Al-Wabel M I,et al.Mechanistic modeling of glyphosate interaction with rice husk derived engineered biochar [J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2016,225:280-288.
[8] Hagner M,Hallman S,Jauhiainen L,et al.Birch (Betula spp.) wood biochar is a potential soil amendment to reduce glyphosate leaching in agricultural soils [J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,164(3):46-52.
[9] 李晓娜,宋洋,贾明云,等.生物质炭对有机污染物的吸附及机理研究进展[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):3-15.
[10] 李岩,王红斌.草甘膦在水-土两相中的吸附行为研究[J].云南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2013,22(6):399-402.
[11] Mayakaduwa S S,Kumarathilaka P,Herath I,et al.Equilibrium and kinetic mechanisms of woody biochar on aqueous glyphosate removal [J].Chemosphere,2016,144:2516-2521.
[12] Bhaskara B,Nagaraja P.Direct Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of glyphosate by using Ninhydrin as a chromogenic reagent in formulations and environmental water samples [J] Helvetica Chimica Acta,2006,89(11):2686-2693.
[13] Tu Y J,You C F,Chang C K.Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption for Cd on green manufactured nano-particles [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,235/236(2):116-122.
[14] 刘晓东,杨靖宇,王林,等.南京城市绿地土壤对菲的吸附特征[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(8):1563-1568.
[15] 谢越,李飞跃,范行军,等.基于近红外光谱技术的生物炭组分分析[J].分析化学,2018,46(4):609-615.
[16] 仇祯,周欣彤,韩卉,等.互花米草生物炭的理化特性及其对镉的吸附效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):172-178.
[17] 王彤彤,马江波,曲东,等.两种木材生物炭对铜离子的吸附特性及其机制[J].环境科学,2017,38(5):2161-2171.
[18] 常春,刘天琪,王踽婷,等.水热法制备玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2680-2690.
[19] 单瑞峰,孙小银,王萧,等.应用近红外光谱快速分析生物炭性质[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(3):282-287.