有机肥对Cd、Pb复合污染酸性土壤生物特性和油菜生长的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同添加量(0、2.5%、5.0%、10.0%)有机肥对镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)重金属污染酸性土壤生物特性和油菜生长的影响,以期为阻控Cd、Pb迁移和油菜安全生产提供技术指导。结果表明,土壤p H值、酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶和淀粉酶活性)、微生物多样性及油菜生物量总体上均随有机肥添加量的增加而显著增加,而土壤中Cd、Pb有效态含量及油菜各组织重金属含量均随有机肥添加量的增加而降低,10.0%有机肥处理效果最好;主成分分析结果表明,有机肥改良处理的聚类结果与油菜的生长及土壤各项指标的变化规律相吻合;在各项指标中,影响油菜生长的主要因子为Pb有效态含量,其次为Cd有效态含量,说明降低土壤中重金属有效态含量可以有效缓解对作物的毒害。
In a pot experiment,the dose-response effects of organic manure(mass fractions 0,2. 5%,5. 0% and 10. 0%) on the growth performance of rape and biological characteristics of lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) contaminated soil were studied,so as to provide technical guidance for control migration of cadmium and lead and rape safety production. The soil p H value,enzyme activities(catalase,urease,phosphatase,polyphenol oxidase and amylase activities),microbial diversity and the biomass of rape were significantly enhanced with the increase of application amount of organic manure,available contents of Cd,Pb and metal content in the plant each part were decreased with the increase of application amount of organic manure. The effect of 10. 0% organic manure treatment was the best. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the result of clustering of organic manure treatments accorded with the law of the changes in biomass of rape and soil biological characteristics. Among the growth indices of rape and soil biological characteristics,available content of Pb was the major contributor to inhibit the plant growth,the second was available content of Cd which could effectively relieve toxicity of crops by reducing the contents of available heavy metals in soils.
In a pot experiment,the dose-response effects of organic manure(mass fractions 0,2. 5%,5. 0% and 10. 0%) on the growth performance of rape and biological characteristics of lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) contaminated soil were studied,so as to provide technical guidance for control migration of cadmium and lead and rape safety production. The soil p H value,enzyme activities(catalase,urease,phosphatase,polyphenol oxidase and amylase activities),microbial diversity and the biomass of rape were significantly enhanced with the increase of application amount of organic manure,available contents of Cd,Pb and metal content in the plant each part were decreased with the increase of application amount of organic manure. The effect of 10. 0% organic manure treatment was the best. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the result of clustering of organic manure treatments accorded with the law of the changes in biomass of rape and soil biological characteristics. Among the growth indices of rape and soil biological characteristics,available content of Pb was the major contributor to inhibit the plant growth,the second was available content of Cd which could effectively relieve toxicity of crops by reducing the contents of available heavy metals in soils.
引文
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[16]李江遐,关强,黄伏森,等.不同改良剂对矿区土壤重金属有效性及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):211-215.
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[18]杜瑞英.土壤改良剂和红麻联合修复对多金属污染土壤中微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(1):70-75.
[2]Walker D J,Clemente R,Bernal M P.Contrasting effects of manure and compost on soil p H,heavy metal availability and growth of Chenopodium album L.in a soil contaminated by pyritic mine waste[J].Chemosphere,2004,57(3):215-224.
[3]任露陆,吴文成,宋清梅,等.不同类型固化材料对Cu污染水稻土的修复效果差异[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):548-554.
[4]尤方芳,赵铭钦,孙翠红,等.生物炭与不同肥料配施对镉胁迫下烟叶和土壤中镉含量的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(4):115-123.
[5]王陈丝,马友华,于倩倩,等.钝化剂对农田土壤重金属形态与其稳定性影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(1):172-177.
[6]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[7]Lindsay N.Development of a DTPA soil test for Zn,Fe,Mn and Cu[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1978,42:421-428.
[8]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[9]董立国,袁汉民,李生宝,等.玉米免耕秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):444-446.
[10]Kabata-Pendias A,Pendias H.Trace elements in soils and plants[M].3rd ed.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2001.
[11]Nanthi B,Anitha K,Ramya T,et al.Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils—To mobilize or to immobilize[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,266(4):141-166.
[12]Naidu R,Kookana R S,Sumner M E,et al.Cadmium sorption and transport in variable charge soils:A review[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26(3):602-617.
[13]戴树桂.环境化学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[14]招启柏,朱卫星,胡钟胜,等.改良剂对土壤重金属(Cd、Pb)的固定以及对烤烟生长影响[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(4):26-32.
[15]邵文山,李国旗.土壤酶功能及测定方法研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(9):188-193.
[16]李江遐,关强,黄伏森,等.不同改良剂对矿区土壤重金属有效性及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):211-215.
[17]韩桂琪,王彬,徐卫红,等.重金属Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb复合污染对土壤生物活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(9):1236-1242.
[18]杜瑞英.土壤改良剂和红麻联合修复对多金属污染土壤中微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(1):70-75.