有机物料对原生盐碱地土壤生物学性质的影响
|
摘要
采用连续2年大田试验方法,研究了颗粒型秸秆(KL)、正常秸秆(JG)、牧草(MC)以及羊粪(YF)4种有机物料处理对试验地微生物数量、微生物生物量碳氮、土壤呼吸强度、三种土壤酶活性以及水稻产量的影响,并分析了生物学性质与测产指标的相关性。结果表明:与不施有机物料处理(CK)对比,施用有机物料的JG、MC、YF处理均不同程度提高了微生物数量、微生物生物量碳氮含量、土壤呼吸强度、土壤酶活性以及水稻产量,但差异不明显。同种有机物料不同形态之间差异显著,颗粒秸秆效果优于正常秸秆,颗粒秸秆与CK相比,提高了39.45%的土壤细菌、50.28%放线菌、89.91%真菌数量、63.21%和46.02%的土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量,土壤呼吸强度提高46.22%,过氧化氢酶活性提高18.03%,转化酶活性提高23.22%,纤维素酶活性提高79.32%,增产130.6%。土壤微生物数量(细菌、真菌和放线菌)与千粒重、结实率、每穗总粒数和产量具有相关性,土壤微生物活性(土壤呼吸强度和微生物生物量碳氮)与有效穗数、每穗总粒数、千粒重以及产量具有相关性,土壤酶活性(过氧化氢酶、转化酶和纤维素酶)与穗长和千粒重表现出相关性。结果表明相同条件下,原生盐碱地改良前期,不同种类有机物料对原生盐碱地作用效果相似,但同种有机物料不同形态其作用效果差异显著。
This paper is to explore effects of amendment of organic materials on soil microbial community and rice yield in newly reclaimed paddy field of primary saline-alkali soil. To that end, a 2-year field experiment, designed to have four treatments, i.e. Treatment KL(granulated straw), Treatment JG(normal straw), Treatment MC(forage) and Treatment YF(sheep manure), was carried out to explore effects of the application of the organic materials on microbial biomass, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil respiration intensity, activities of three types of soil enzymes and rice yield, and relationships of rice yield with various microbial indices. Treatment JG, MC and YF increased, to a varying extent, microbial biomass, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, activities of three types of soil enzymes in the soil, soil respiration intensity and rice yield as compared with the control group, but the differences between the treatments were not significant. However, the treatments applied with the same organic materials but in different form differed significantly in the effect. Treatment KL was higher than Treatment JG in the effect. Compared with CK, Treatment KL increased the population of soil bacteria by 39.45%, the population of soil actinomyces by 50.28% and the population of soil fungi by 89.91%, soil microbial biomass carbon by 63.21%, soil microbial biomass nitrogen by 46.02%, soil respiration intensity by 46.22%, catalase activity by 18.03%, invertase activity by 23.22%, cellulase activity by 79.32%, and rice yield by 130.58%. Populations of soil microbes(bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) were closely related to 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, number of grains per ear and rice yield, soil microbial activity(soil respiration intensity, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen) to 1 000-grain weight, number of effective spikes, number of grains per spike and rice yield. Among the three types of soil enzymesactivity(catalase, cellulase and invertase) were closely related to ear length and 1 000-grain weight. Under the same conditions, in the initial stage of soil amelioration of farmlands of primary saline-alkali soil, the application of organic materials had similar effects regardless of type of the organic material, but significantly different effects when the organic materials were of the same type, but different form.
This paper is to explore effects of amendment of organic materials on soil microbial community and rice yield in newly reclaimed paddy field of primary saline-alkali soil. To that end, a 2-year field experiment, designed to have four treatments, i.e. Treatment KL(granulated straw), Treatment JG(normal straw), Treatment MC(forage) and Treatment YF(sheep manure), was carried out to explore effects of the application of the organic materials on microbial biomass, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil respiration intensity, activities of three types of soil enzymes and rice yield, and relationships of rice yield with various microbial indices. Treatment JG, MC and YF increased, to a varying extent, microbial biomass, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, activities of three types of soil enzymes in the soil, soil respiration intensity and rice yield as compared with the control group, but the differences between the treatments were not significant. However, the treatments applied with the same organic materials but in different form differed significantly in the effect. Treatment KL was higher than Treatment JG in the effect. Compared with CK, Treatment KL increased the population of soil bacteria by 39.45%, the population of soil actinomyces by 50.28% and the population of soil fungi by 89.91%, soil microbial biomass carbon by 63.21%, soil microbial biomass nitrogen by 46.02%, soil respiration intensity by 46.22%, catalase activity by 18.03%, invertase activity by 23.22%, cellulase activity by 79.32%, and rice yield by 130.58%. Populations of soil microbes(bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) were closely related to 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, number of grains per ear and rice yield, soil microbial activity(soil respiration intensity, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen) to 1 000-grain weight, number of effective spikes, number of grains per spike and rice yield. Among the three types of soil enzymesactivity(catalase, cellulase and invertase) were closely related to ear length and 1 000-grain weight. Under the same conditions, in the initial stage of soil amelioration of farmlands of primary saline-alkali soil, the application of organic materials had similar effects regardless of type of the organic material, but significantly different effects when the organic materials were of the same type, but different form.
引文
[1]张体彬,展小云,冯浩.盐碱地土壤酶活性研究进展和展望.土壤通报,2017,48(2):495-500Zhang T B,Zhan X Y,Feng H.Research advance and prospect of soil enzymes activities in salinealkali soils(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Soil Science2017,48(2):495-500
[2]徐双,柳新伟,崔德杰,等.不同施肥处理对滨海盐碱地棉花生长和土壤微生物及酶活性的影响.水土保持学报,2015,29(6):316-320Xu S,Liu X W,Cui D J,et al.Effect of different fertilization treatments on cotton growth,soil microbes and enzyme activity in saline fields(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(6):316-320
[3]王巍巍,魏春雁,张之鑫,等.不同种稻年限盐碱地水田表层土壤酶活性变化及其与土壤养分关系.东北农业科学,2016,41(4):43-48Wang W W,Wei C Y,Zhang Z X,et al.Studies on changes of surface layer soil enzyme in saline-alkali paddy field of different planting years and relationship between soil enzyme changes and soil nutrients(In Chinese).Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences,2016,41(4):43-48
[4]卢闯,逄焕成,张建丽,等.增施磷肥对重度盐碱地食葵生长及土壤微生物区系的影响.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):329-337Lu C,Pang H C,Zhang J L,et al.Effect of phosphorus application rates on sunflower growth and soil microflora in severe saline land(In Chinese).Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(2):329-337
[5]Li Y Y,Pang H C,Han X F,et al.Buried straw layer and plastic mulching increase microflora diversity in salinized soil.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(7):1602-1611
[6]Wu Y P,Li Y F,Zheng C Y,et al.Organic amendment application influence soil organism abundance in saline alkali soil.European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,54:32-40
[7]何瑞成,吴景贵,李建明.不同有机物料对原生盐碱地水稳性团聚体特征的影响.水土保持学报,2017,31(3):310-316He R C,Wu J G,Li J M.Effects of different organic materials on characteristics of water stable aggregates in primary saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):310-316
[8]于妍,夏梦婧,裴定宇,等.废水灌溉下有机物料对重度盐渍土养分及芦苇生长的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(4):448-455Yu Y,Xia M Q,Pei D Y,et al.Effects of organic amendments on severe saline soil nutrient content and reed growth under wastewater irrigation(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(4):448-455
[9]Xie W,Wu L,Zhang Y,et al.Effects of straw application on coastal saline topsoil salinity and wheat yield trend.Soil&Tillage Research,2017,169:1-6
[10]王利民,陈金林,梁珍海,等.黄麻秸秆及有机肥对滨海盐土生物性质的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):39-42Wang L M,Chen J L,Liang Z H,et al.Effects of jute straw and organic fertilizer on the biological properties of the coastal saline soil(In Chinese).Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2010,34(1):39-42
[11]汪成忠,胡永红,周翔宇,等.水稻秸秆还田对崇明盐碱地土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):132-138Wang C Z,Hu Y H,Zhou X Y,et al.The influence of rice straw return on soil enzyme activity and microorganism in Chong Ming saline-alkali(In Chinese).Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(8):132-138
[12]徐娜娜,解玉红,冯炘.添加秸秆粉对盐碱地土壤微生物生物量及呼吸强度的影响.水土保持学报,2014,28(2):185-188Xu N N,Xie Y H,Feng X.Add straw powder effect on soil microbial biomass and respiration intensity of saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(2):185-188
[13]贾相岳.玉米秸秆造夹层处理对盐碱地土壤微生物数量的影响.南方农业,2017,11(10):24-27Jia X Y.Effect of corn straw interlayer treatment on soil microbial quantity in saline alkali soil(In Chinese).South China Agriculture,2017,11(10):24-27
[14]马玉露,侯迷红,范富,等.物料改良盐碱地效果研究.内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(1):70-76Ma Y L,Hou M H,Fan F,et al.Effects of amendments for improving saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(Natural Sciences),2017,32(1):70-76
[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社,1986Guang S M.Soil enzyme and its research methods(In Chinese).Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000Lu R K.Analytical methods for soil and agro-chemistry(In Chinese).Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000
[17]Wu Y P,Li Y F,Zhang Y.et al.Response of saline soil properties and cotton growth to different organic amendments.Pedosphere,2017,DOI:10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60464-8
[18]李凤霞,王学琴,郭永忠,等.不同改良措施对银川平原盐碱地土壤性质及酶活性的影响.水土保持研究,2012,19(6):13-18Li F X,Wang X Q,Guo Y Z,et al.Effect of soil properties and soil enzyme activity in different improvement measures of saline-alkali soil in Yinchuan Plain(In Chinese).Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(6):13-18
[19]张旭博,徐明岗,张文菊,等.添加有机物料后红壤CO2释放特征与微生物生物量动态.中国农业科学,2011,44(24):5013-5020Zhang X B,Xu M G,Zhang W J,et al.Characteristics of CO2 emission and microbial biomass dynamics after adding various organic materials in red soil(In Chinese).Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(24):5013-5020
[20]周晓飞,解玉红,裴宇航,等.添加秸秆粉对盐碱土壤理化性质的影响.湖北农业科学,2 0 11,5 0(23):4806-4808Zhou X F,Xie Y H,Pei Y H,et al.Effect of adding straw powder on the physical and chemical properties of saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(23):4806-4808
[21]李玖燃,丁红利,任豫霜,等.不同用地土壤有机质和微生物对添加秸秆的响应.草业科学,2017,34(5):958-965Li J R,Ding H L,Ren Y S,et al.Effect of cornstalk addition on soil organic matter dynamics and microorganism under different land use patterns(In Chinese).Pratacultural Science,2017,34(5):958-965
[22]曹莹菲,张红,赵聪,等.秸秆腐解过程中结构的变化特征.农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):976-984Chao Y F,Zhang H,Zhao C,et al.Changes of organic structures of crop residues during decomposition(In Chinese).Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(5):976-984
[23]詹其厚,袁朝良,张效朴.有机物料对砂姜黑土的改良效应及其机制.土壤学报,2003,40(3):420-425Zhan Q H,Yuan Z L,Zhang X P.Ameliorative effecet and mechanism of organic materials on vertisol(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(3):420-425
[24]Nguyen T T,Marschner P.Soil respiration,microbial biomass and nutrient availability in soil after repeated addition of low and high C/N plant residues.Biology&Fertility of Soils,2016,52(2):165-176
[25]Zhu L X,Xiao Q,Cheng H Y,et al.Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial activity after biochar addition in a dryland maize field in North-Western China.Ecological Engineering,2017,104:141-149
[26]王芳,张金水,高鹏程,等.不同有机物料培肥对渭北旱塬土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):702-709Wang F,Zhang J S,Gao P C,et al.Effect of application of different organic materials on soil microbiologica properties and soil fertility in weibei rainfed high land(In Chinese).Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2011,17(3):702-709
[27]陈安强,付斌,鲁耀,等.有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮.农业工程学报,2015,31(21):160-167Chen A Q,Fu B,Lu Y,et al.Exogenous organic materials applied to paddy field improving soil microbial biomass C,N and dissolved organic C,N(In Chinese).Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(21):160-167
[28]Jackson L E,Calderon F J,Steenwerth K L,et al.Responses of soil microbial processes and community structure to tillage events and implications for soil quality.Geoderma,2003,114(3/4):305-317
[29]陶梦慧,索全义,张曙光,等.不同施肥对土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响.北方园艺,2014(9):150-157Tao M H,Suo Q Y,Zhang S G,et al.Effects of different fertilization on the number of soil microbiologic and soil enzyme activities(In Chinese).Northern Horticulture,2017(9):154-159
[30]杨滨娟,黄国勤,钱海燕.秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤温度、根际微生物及酶活性的影响.土壤学报,2014,51(1):150-157Yang B J,Huang G Q,Qian H Y.Effects of straw incorporation plus chemical fertilizer on soil temperature,root micro-organisms and enzyme activities(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):150-157
[31]张伶波,陈广锋,田晓红,等.盐碱土石膏与有机物料组合对作物产量与籽粒养分含量的影响.中国农学通报,2017,33(12):12-17Zhang L B,Chen G F,Tian X H,et al.Effect of combined application of gypsum and organic materials on crop yield and grain nutrient content in saline-alkali soil(In Chinese).Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(12):12-17
[32]郝晓然.河北省夏玉米主产区高产田限制因素及土壤肥力特征分析.河北保定:河北农业大学,2015Hao X R.Analysis of limiting factors and soil fertility characteristics of high yield farmland in summer maize production area of Hebei Province(In Chinese).Baoding,Hebei:Agricultural University of Hebei,2015
[33]吴英杰.土壤调理剂在辣椒上的肥效试验.农村科技,2017(1):25-26Wu Y J.Effect of soil conditioner on pepper(In Chinese).Rural Science&Technology,2017(1):25-26
[34]赵冬.黄土丘陵区植被恢复过程土壤团聚体结构演变特征及其量化表征.中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2017Zhao D.Evolvement characteristics and quantification of soil aggregate microstructure in the process of vegetation restoration in Loess hilly-gully region(In Chinese).Research Center of Soil&Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,2017
[2]徐双,柳新伟,崔德杰,等.不同施肥处理对滨海盐碱地棉花生长和土壤微生物及酶活性的影响.水土保持学报,2015,29(6):316-320Xu S,Liu X W,Cui D J,et al.Effect of different fertilization treatments on cotton growth,soil microbes and enzyme activity in saline fields(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(6):316-320
[3]王巍巍,魏春雁,张之鑫,等.不同种稻年限盐碱地水田表层土壤酶活性变化及其与土壤养分关系.东北农业科学,2016,41(4):43-48Wang W W,Wei C Y,Zhang Z X,et al.Studies on changes of surface layer soil enzyme in saline-alkali paddy field of different planting years and relationship between soil enzyme changes and soil nutrients(In Chinese).Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences,2016,41(4):43-48
[4]卢闯,逄焕成,张建丽,等.增施磷肥对重度盐碱地食葵生长及土壤微生物区系的影响.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):329-337Lu C,Pang H C,Zhang J L,et al.Effect of phosphorus application rates on sunflower growth and soil microflora in severe saline land(In Chinese).Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(2):329-337
[5]Li Y Y,Pang H C,Han X F,et al.Buried straw layer and plastic mulching increase microflora diversity in salinized soil.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(7):1602-1611
[6]Wu Y P,Li Y F,Zheng C Y,et al.Organic amendment application influence soil organism abundance in saline alkali soil.European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,54:32-40
[7]何瑞成,吴景贵,李建明.不同有机物料对原生盐碱地水稳性团聚体特征的影响.水土保持学报,2017,31(3):310-316He R C,Wu J G,Li J M.Effects of different organic materials on characteristics of water stable aggregates in primary saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):310-316
[8]于妍,夏梦婧,裴定宇,等.废水灌溉下有机物料对重度盐渍土养分及芦苇生长的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(4):448-455Yu Y,Xia M Q,Pei D Y,et al.Effects of organic amendments on severe saline soil nutrient content and reed growth under wastewater irrigation(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(4):448-455
[9]Xie W,Wu L,Zhang Y,et al.Effects of straw application on coastal saline topsoil salinity and wheat yield trend.Soil&Tillage Research,2017,169:1-6
[10]王利民,陈金林,梁珍海,等.黄麻秸秆及有机肥对滨海盐土生物性质的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):39-42Wang L M,Chen J L,Liang Z H,et al.Effects of jute straw and organic fertilizer on the biological properties of the coastal saline soil(In Chinese).Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2010,34(1):39-42
[11]汪成忠,胡永红,周翔宇,等.水稻秸秆还田对崇明盐碱地土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):132-138Wang C Z,Hu Y H,Zhou X Y,et al.The influence of rice straw return on soil enzyme activity and microorganism in Chong Ming saline-alkali(In Chinese).Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(8):132-138
[12]徐娜娜,解玉红,冯炘.添加秸秆粉对盐碱地土壤微生物生物量及呼吸强度的影响.水土保持学报,2014,28(2):185-188Xu N N,Xie Y H,Feng X.Add straw powder effect on soil microbial biomass and respiration intensity of saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(2):185-188
[13]贾相岳.玉米秸秆造夹层处理对盐碱地土壤微生物数量的影响.南方农业,2017,11(10):24-27Jia X Y.Effect of corn straw interlayer treatment on soil microbial quantity in saline alkali soil(In Chinese).South China Agriculture,2017,11(10):24-27
[14]马玉露,侯迷红,范富,等.物料改良盐碱地效果研究.内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(1):70-76Ma Y L,Hou M H,Fan F,et al.Effects of amendments for improving saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(Natural Sciences),2017,32(1):70-76
[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社,1986Guang S M.Soil enzyme and its research methods(In Chinese).Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000Lu R K.Analytical methods for soil and agro-chemistry(In Chinese).Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000
[17]Wu Y P,Li Y F,Zhang Y.et al.Response of saline soil properties and cotton growth to different organic amendments.Pedosphere,2017,DOI:10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60464-8
[18]李凤霞,王学琴,郭永忠,等.不同改良措施对银川平原盐碱地土壤性质及酶活性的影响.水土保持研究,2012,19(6):13-18Li F X,Wang X Q,Guo Y Z,et al.Effect of soil properties and soil enzyme activity in different improvement measures of saline-alkali soil in Yinchuan Plain(In Chinese).Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(6):13-18
[19]张旭博,徐明岗,张文菊,等.添加有机物料后红壤CO2释放特征与微生物生物量动态.中国农业科学,2011,44(24):5013-5020Zhang X B,Xu M G,Zhang W J,et al.Characteristics of CO2 emission and microbial biomass dynamics after adding various organic materials in red soil(In Chinese).Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(24):5013-5020
[20]周晓飞,解玉红,裴宇航,等.添加秸秆粉对盐碱土壤理化性质的影响.湖北农业科学,2 0 11,5 0(23):4806-4808Zhou X F,Xie Y H,Pei Y H,et al.Effect of adding straw powder on the physical and chemical properties of saline alkali soil(In Chinese).Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(23):4806-4808
[21]李玖燃,丁红利,任豫霜,等.不同用地土壤有机质和微生物对添加秸秆的响应.草业科学,2017,34(5):958-965Li J R,Ding H L,Ren Y S,et al.Effect of cornstalk addition on soil organic matter dynamics and microorganism under different land use patterns(In Chinese).Pratacultural Science,2017,34(5):958-965
[22]曹莹菲,张红,赵聪,等.秸秆腐解过程中结构的变化特征.农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):976-984Chao Y F,Zhang H,Zhao C,et al.Changes of organic structures of crop residues during decomposition(In Chinese).Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(5):976-984
[23]詹其厚,袁朝良,张效朴.有机物料对砂姜黑土的改良效应及其机制.土壤学报,2003,40(3):420-425Zhan Q H,Yuan Z L,Zhang X P.Ameliorative effecet and mechanism of organic materials on vertisol(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(3):420-425
[24]Nguyen T T,Marschner P.Soil respiration,microbial biomass and nutrient availability in soil after repeated addition of low and high C/N plant residues.Biology&Fertility of Soils,2016,52(2):165-176
[25]Zhu L X,Xiao Q,Cheng H Y,et al.Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial activity after biochar addition in a dryland maize field in North-Western China.Ecological Engineering,2017,104:141-149
[26]王芳,张金水,高鹏程,等.不同有机物料培肥对渭北旱塬土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):702-709Wang F,Zhang J S,Gao P C,et al.Effect of application of different organic materials on soil microbiologica properties and soil fertility in weibei rainfed high land(In Chinese).Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2011,17(3):702-709
[27]陈安强,付斌,鲁耀,等.有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮.农业工程学报,2015,31(21):160-167Chen A Q,Fu B,Lu Y,et al.Exogenous organic materials applied to paddy field improving soil microbial biomass C,N and dissolved organic C,N(In Chinese).Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(21):160-167
[28]Jackson L E,Calderon F J,Steenwerth K L,et al.Responses of soil microbial processes and community structure to tillage events and implications for soil quality.Geoderma,2003,114(3/4):305-317
[29]陶梦慧,索全义,张曙光,等.不同施肥对土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响.北方园艺,2014(9):150-157Tao M H,Suo Q Y,Zhang S G,et al.Effects of different fertilization on the number of soil microbiologic and soil enzyme activities(In Chinese).Northern Horticulture,2017(9):154-159
[30]杨滨娟,黄国勤,钱海燕.秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤温度、根际微生物及酶活性的影响.土壤学报,2014,51(1):150-157Yang B J,Huang G Q,Qian H Y.Effects of straw incorporation plus chemical fertilizer on soil temperature,root micro-organisms and enzyme activities(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):150-157
[31]张伶波,陈广锋,田晓红,等.盐碱土石膏与有机物料组合对作物产量与籽粒养分含量的影响.中国农学通报,2017,33(12):12-17Zhang L B,Chen G F,Tian X H,et al.Effect of combined application of gypsum and organic materials on crop yield and grain nutrient content in saline-alkali soil(In Chinese).Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(12):12-17
[32]郝晓然.河北省夏玉米主产区高产田限制因素及土壤肥力特征分析.河北保定:河北农业大学,2015Hao X R.Analysis of limiting factors and soil fertility characteristics of high yield farmland in summer maize production area of Hebei Province(In Chinese).Baoding,Hebei:Agricultural University of Hebei,2015
[33]吴英杰.土壤调理剂在辣椒上的肥效试验.农村科技,2017(1):25-26Wu Y J.Effect of soil conditioner on pepper(In Chinese).Rural Science&Technology,2017(1):25-26
[34]赵冬.黄土丘陵区植被恢复过程土壤团聚体结构演变特征及其量化表征.中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2017Zhao D.Evolvement characteristics and quantification of soil aggregate microstructure in the process of vegetation restoration in Loess hilly-gully region(In Chinese).Research Center of Soil&Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,2017