生物活性过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶活性的影响
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摘要
采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将40头健康的28日龄三元杂断奶仔猪按体重一致原则随机分为4组,每组设2个重复,每个重复5头猪,A组作为对照组,在基础日粮中添加2 500 mg/kg氧化锌,B、C、D组在基础日粮中分别添加过氧化氢酶60 U/kg、90 U/kg、120 U/kg。研究生物活性过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶活性的影响,为生物活性过氧化氢酶作为改善仔猪生长性能、提高消化能力的新型饲料添加剂提供理论依据,以便更好地指导生产实践。结果表明:与2 500 mg/kg氧化锌相比,90 U/kg过氧化氢酶极显著提高日增重和日采食量(P<0.01),降低料重比(P<0.05),仔猪腹泻率无显著差异(P>0.05);90 U/kg和120 U/kg过氧化氢酶组显著提高空肠绒毛高度、降低十二指肠和回肠隐窝深度,同时绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值显著升高(P<0.01);试验组蛋白酶活性均极显著提高(P<0.01),淀粉酶活性具有整体升高的趋势,其中90 U/kg组淀粉酶活性差异均显著,分别提高了10.14%、8.64%和15.14%(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01);60 U/kg组十二指肠脂肪酶活性极显著提高(P<0.01);60 U/kg和120 U/kg组回肠脂肪酶活性显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在日粮中添加具有生物活性的过氧化氢酶可明显促进肠道绒毛-隐窝结构的发育,提高消化酶活性,降低腹泻率,从而改善生长性能。这在实际生产中极具使用价值,可作为减少高锌使用量的新型添加剂推广和应用。本试验条件下,生物活性过氧化氢酶最适宜添加量应为酶活90 U/kg。
40 of 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups, 2 replicates each group, 5 piglets each replicate. Group A was used as a control group. 2 500 mg/kg zinc oxide was added to the basic diet, and 60 U/kg, 90 U/kg, and 120 U/kg catalase were added to the basic diet in the B-D group. The effects of bioactive catalase on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity of weaned piglets were studied, and the theoretical ba‐sis was provided for bioactive catalase as a new feed additive to improve the growth performance and digestion ability of piglets, so as to better guide the production practice. The results showed that compared 2 500 mg/kg zinc oxide, 90 U/kg catalase significantly increased daily weight gain and daily intake(P<0.01), and reduced feed weight ratio(P<0.05). No significant dif‐ference in diarrhea rate of piglets(P>0.05). 90 U/kg and 120 U/kg catalase groups significantly increased the height of Villi in Jejunum, reduced the depth of crypts in duodenum and ileum, and significantly increased the ratio of the height of Villi to the depth of crypts. The activity of protease increased significantly in 3 levels catalase(P<0.01), and the overall activity of amy‐lase increased significantly(P<0.01), with 90 U/kg amylase activity increasing by 10.1%, 8.6% and15.1%(P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01),the activity of duodenal lipase increased significantly in 60 U/kg group(P<0.01), and decreased in 60 U/kg and 120 U/kg groups(P<0.05). To sum up, the addition of bioactive catalase to the diet can obviously promote the development of the vill-crypt structure of the intestine, increase the digestive enzyme activity, and reduce the diarrhea rate, thus im‐proving the growth performance. This is very useful in actual production and can be used as a new type of additive to reduce high zinc usage. Under the conditions of this test, the optimum addi‐tion of bioactive catalase should be 90 U/kg of enzyme activity.
40 of 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups, 2 replicates each group, 5 piglets each replicate. Group A was used as a control group. 2 500 mg/kg zinc oxide was added to the basic diet, and 60 U/kg, 90 U/kg, and 120 U/kg catalase were added to the basic diet in the B-D group. The effects of bioactive catalase on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity of weaned piglets were studied, and the theoretical ba‐sis was provided for bioactive catalase as a new feed additive to improve the growth performance and digestion ability of piglets, so as to better guide the production practice. The results showed that compared 2 500 mg/kg zinc oxide, 90 U/kg catalase significantly increased daily weight gain and daily intake(P<0.01), and reduced feed weight ratio(P<0.05). No significant dif‐ference in diarrhea rate of piglets(P>0.05). 90 U/kg and 120 U/kg catalase groups significantly increased the height of Villi in Jejunum, reduced the depth of crypts in duodenum and ileum, and significantly increased the ratio of the height of Villi to the depth of crypts. The activity of protease increased significantly in 3 levels catalase(P<0.01), and the overall activity of amy‐lase increased significantly(P<0.01), with 90 U/kg amylase activity increasing by 10.1%, 8.6% and15.1%(P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01),the activity of duodenal lipase increased significantly in 60 U/kg group(P<0.01), and decreased in 60 U/kg and 120 U/kg groups(P<0.05). To sum up, the addition of bioactive catalase to the diet can obviously promote the development of the vill-crypt structure of the intestine, increase the digestive enzyme activity, and reduce the diarrhea rate, thus im‐proving the growth performance. This is very useful in actual production and can be used as a new type of additive to reduce high zinc usage. Under the conditions of this test, the optimum addi‐tion of bioactive catalase should be 90 U/kg of enzyme activity.
引文
[1]Hahn J D,Baker D H.Growth and plasma zinc responses of young pigs fed pharmacologic levels of zinc[J].Anim.Sci.,1993,71(11):3020-3024.
[2]Carlson D,Poulsen H D,Snehested J.Influ‐ence of weaning and effect of post weaning dietary zinc and copper on electrophysiologi‐cal response to glucose,theophyIline and 5-HT in piglet small intestinal mucosa[J].Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol,2004,137:757-765.
[3]Hill G M,Cromwell G L,Crenshaw T D.Growth promotion effects and plasma changes from feeding high dietary concentrations of zinc and copper to weanling pigs(regional study)[J].Anim.Sci.,2000,78(4):1010-1016.
[4]Li X L,Yin J D,Li D F,et al.Dietary sup‐plementation with zinc oxide increases IGF-Iand IGF-I receptor gene expression in the small intestine of weanling piglets[J].Nu‐tr.,2006,136:1786-1791.
[5]Wang Y,Tang J W,Ma W Q,et al.Dietary zinc glycine chelate on growth performance,tissue mineral concentrations,and serum enzyme ac‐tivity in weanling piglets[J].Bio.Trace.Elem.Res.,2009,133:325-334.
[6]方洛云,邹晓庭,蒋林树.不同锌源对断奶仔猪免疫和抗氧化作用的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医学报,2005,25(2):201-202.
[7]Meyer T A,Lindemann M D,Cromwell G L,et al.Effects of pharmacological levels of zinc as zinc oxide on fecal zinc and mineral ex‐cretion in weanling pigs[J].Prof.Anim.Sci.,2002,18:162-168.
[8]Martinez M M,Hill G M,Link J E,et al.Ef‐fects of pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide and phytase on zinc excretion and performance in the nursery pig[J].Anim.Sci.,2002,80(2):73 Abstract.
[9]Jondreville C,Revy R S,Dourmad J Y.Dietary means to better control the environmental im‐pact of copper and zinc by pigs from weaning to slaughter[J].Livest.Prod.Sci.,2003,84:147-156.
[10]彭点懿,何健,杨玉峰.氧化锌在断奶仔猪配合饲料中的应用及其抗腹泻的可能机制[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011(20):15-19.
[11]刘志国,索艳丽.生物活性过氧化氢酶的存在及作用[J].中国饲料添加剂,2015,3:26-28.
[12]田建兴,索艳丽.增益素对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响[J].中国饲料添加剂,2015,1:27-31.
[13]李威,索艳丽.过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪健康评价的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(14):51-53.
[14]Matthew B.Grishma,Richard P.Macdermott,Edwin A.Deitch.Oxidant defense mechanism in the human colon[J].Inflammation,1990,14:669-680.
[15]王群英.过氧化氢酶对肠上皮细胞的保护机制的研究[D].广州:第一军医大学,2005.
[16]Brooks P H,Moran C A,Beal J D,et al.Liq‐uid feeding for the young piglets[A].In:M.A.Varley,J.R.Wiseman(eds).The Weaner Pig:Nu‐trition and Management[C].CAB Internation‐al,Wallinford,Oxon,2001:153-178.
[17]Le Dividich J,Seve B.Effects of underfeed‐ing during the weaning period on growth,me‐tabolism,and hormonal adjustments in the piglet[J].DomesticAnimal Endocrinology,2000,19:63-74.
[18]方锐,左建军,凌宝明,等.日粮中添加过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及抗氧化性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2017,1:23-27.
[19]Kelly D,O'Brien J J,McCracken K J.Effect of creep feeding on the incidence,duration and severity of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs[J].Res.Vet.Sci.,1990,49(2):223-228.
[20]Dunsford B R,Knabe D A,Haensly W E.Effect of dietary soybean meal on the microscopic anatomy of the small intestine in the earlyweaned pigs[J].J.Anim.Sc.,1989,67(7):1855-1863.
[21]袁施彬,陈代文,余冰,等.氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,2007,(8):19-22.
[22]吕美,余冰,郑萍,等.氧化应激对断奶仔猪色氨酸分解代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(7):823-828.
[23]Zhu L H,Zhao K L,Chen X L,et al.Impact of weaning and an antioxidantblend on intes‐tinal barrier function and antioxidant sta‐tus in pigs[J].J.Anim.Sci.,2012,90(8):2581-2589.
[24]华朱鸣.寡糖和小肽抗消化道氧自由基作用的研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2012.
[25]武金宝.过氧化氢酶对试验性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜的保护作用[D].广州:第一军医大学,2004.
[26]杨家军.早期断奶仔猪肠上皮细胞氧化与损伤及二氢杨梅素对其调控作用[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[27]Carlson M S,Hill G M,Link J E.Early-and traditionally weaned nursery pigs benefit from phase-feeding pharmacological concen‐trations of zinc oxide:effect on metallo‐thionein and mineral concentrations[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1999,77(5):1199-1207.
[28]申俊华,周安国,王之盛,等.包被氧化锌对断奶仔猪腹泻指数及肠道发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(6):894-900.
[29]Owsley W F,Orr D E,Tribble L F.Effects of age and diet on the development of the pan‐creas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1986,63(2):497-504.
[30]葛长荣,田允波,段纲,等.中草药饲料添加剂研究应用现状与发展趋势[J].云南畜牧兽医,1998,(4):10-17.
[31]De PassilléA M,Pelletier G,Morisset J.Relationships of weight gain and behavior to digestive organ weight and enzyme activities in piglets[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1989,67(11):2921-2929.
[32]Chapple R P,Cuaron J A,Easter R A.Effects of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1989,67(11):2956-2973.
[2]Carlson D,Poulsen H D,Snehested J.Influ‐ence of weaning and effect of post weaning dietary zinc and copper on electrophysiologi‐cal response to glucose,theophyIline and 5-HT in piglet small intestinal mucosa[J].Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol,2004,137:757-765.
[3]Hill G M,Cromwell G L,Crenshaw T D.Growth promotion effects and plasma changes from feeding high dietary concentrations of zinc and copper to weanling pigs(regional study)[J].Anim.Sci.,2000,78(4):1010-1016.
[4]Li X L,Yin J D,Li D F,et al.Dietary sup‐plementation with zinc oxide increases IGF-Iand IGF-I receptor gene expression in the small intestine of weanling piglets[J].Nu‐tr.,2006,136:1786-1791.
[5]Wang Y,Tang J W,Ma W Q,et al.Dietary zinc glycine chelate on growth performance,tissue mineral concentrations,and serum enzyme ac‐tivity in weanling piglets[J].Bio.Trace.Elem.Res.,2009,133:325-334.
[6]方洛云,邹晓庭,蒋林树.不同锌源对断奶仔猪免疫和抗氧化作用的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医学报,2005,25(2):201-202.
[7]Meyer T A,Lindemann M D,Cromwell G L,et al.Effects of pharmacological levels of zinc as zinc oxide on fecal zinc and mineral ex‐cretion in weanling pigs[J].Prof.Anim.Sci.,2002,18:162-168.
[8]Martinez M M,Hill G M,Link J E,et al.Ef‐fects of pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide and phytase on zinc excretion and performance in the nursery pig[J].Anim.Sci.,2002,80(2):73 Abstract.
[9]Jondreville C,Revy R S,Dourmad J Y.Dietary means to better control the environmental im‐pact of copper and zinc by pigs from weaning to slaughter[J].Livest.Prod.Sci.,2003,84:147-156.
[10]彭点懿,何健,杨玉峰.氧化锌在断奶仔猪配合饲料中的应用及其抗腹泻的可能机制[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011(20):15-19.
[11]刘志国,索艳丽.生物活性过氧化氢酶的存在及作用[J].中国饲料添加剂,2015,3:26-28.
[12]田建兴,索艳丽.增益素对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响[J].中国饲料添加剂,2015,1:27-31.
[13]李威,索艳丽.过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪健康评价的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(14):51-53.
[14]Matthew B.Grishma,Richard P.Macdermott,Edwin A.Deitch.Oxidant defense mechanism in the human colon[J].Inflammation,1990,14:669-680.
[15]王群英.过氧化氢酶对肠上皮细胞的保护机制的研究[D].广州:第一军医大学,2005.
[16]Brooks P H,Moran C A,Beal J D,et al.Liq‐uid feeding for the young piglets[A].In:M.A.Varley,J.R.Wiseman(eds).The Weaner Pig:Nu‐trition and Management[C].CAB Internation‐al,Wallinford,Oxon,2001:153-178.
[17]Le Dividich J,Seve B.Effects of underfeed‐ing during the weaning period on growth,me‐tabolism,and hormonal adjustments in the piglet[J].DomesticAnimal Endocrinology,2000,19:63-74.
[18]方锐,左建军,凌宝明,等.日粮中添加过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及抗氧化性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2017,1:23-27.
[19]Kelly D,O'Brien J J,McCracken K J.Effect of creep feeding on the incidence,duration and severity of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs[J].Res.Vet.Sci.,1990,49(2):223-228.
[20]Dunsford B R,Knabe D A,Haensly W E.Effect of dietary soybean meal on the microscopic anatomy of the small intestine in the earlyweaned pigs[J].J.Anim.Sc.,1989,67(7):1855-1863.
[21]袁施彬,陈代文,余冰,等.氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,2007,(8):19-22.
[22]吕美,余冰,郑萍,等.氧化应激对断奶仔猪色氨酸分解代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(7):823-828.
[23]Zhu L H,Zhao K L,Chen X L,et al.Impact of weaning and an antioxidantblend on intes‐tinal barrier function and antioxidant sta‐tus in pigs[J].J.Anim.Sci.,2012,90(8):2581-2589.
[24]华朱鸣.寡糖和小肽抗消化道氧自由基作用的研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2012.
[25]武金宝.过氧化氢酶对试验性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜的保护作用[D].广州:第一军医大学,2004.
[26]杨家军.早期断奶仔猪肠上皮细胞氧化与损伤及二氢杨梅素对其调控作用[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[27]Carlson M S,Hill G M,Link J E.Early-and traditionally weaned nursery pigs benefit from phase-feeding pharmacological concen‐trations of zinc oxide:effect on metallo‐thionein and mineral concentrations[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1999,77(5):1199-1207.
[28]申俊华,周安国,王之盛,等.包被氧化锌对断奶仔猪腹泻指数及肠道发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(6):894-900.
[29]Owsley W F,Orr D E,Tribble L F.Effects of age and diet on the development of the pan‐creas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1986,63(2):497-504.
[30]葛长荣,田允波,段纲,等.中草药饲料添加剂研究应用现状与发展趋势[J].云南畜牧兽医,1998,(4):10-17.
[31]De PassilléA M,Pelletier G,Morisset J.Relationships of weight gain and behavior to digestive organ weight and enzyme activities in piglets[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1989,67(11):2921-2929.
[32]Chapple R P,Cuaron J A,Easter R A.Effects of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1989,67(11):2956-2973.