液滴冲击液面变形特征及其能量转化研究
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摘要
采用Navier-Stokes方程和Volume of Fluid (VOF)方法对液滴冲击液面运动过程进行了三维数值模拟研究。该文对界面形态的模拟结果与实验结果进行定性和定量的对比研究。通过分析速度场和压强场,研究了各界面形态的形成机理,并且进一步分析了冲击过程中能量的变化过程。结果表明:冲击过程中速度场和压强场的变化以及能量的传递导致冲击首先形成液坑,当液坑膨胀到最大后,开始收缩,直到收缩到接近水平液面时,开始有中心液柱从液坑中心升起,随后中心液柱破碎生成次生液滴;冲击过程中动能、表面能和重力势能之间不断转化:重力势能和表面能增加,动能减小,反之亦然;液滴冲击速度较大,能量消耗也较大。
The Navier-Stokes equations and Volume of Fluid(VOF) method are used to three-dimensional numerical simulation study on the process of droplet impacting on liquid surface. This paper makes a qualitative and quantitative comparison between the simulated and the experimental results of interface shapes. The mechanism of the interface deformation process is studied by analyzing the velocity field and the pressure field. The process of energy change during the impact is analyzed. According to the results, a pit is occurred while the droplet impact on liquid surface owe to the contribution of the field variation in velocity and pressure and the transfer of energy. When the pit expands to its the maximum, it begins to contract. Until the liquid surface recovers approaching waterline, the central jet rises from the center of the pit, and then the central jet is broken to generate secondary droplet. The kinetic energy, surface tension energy and gravitational potential energy are constantly transformed during the impact process. Gravitational potential energy and surface energy increase, kinetic energy decreases, and vice versa. The initial droplet impact velocity is larger, the energy consumption is larger.
The Navier-Stokes equations and Volume of Fluid(VOF) method are used to three-dimensional numerical simulation study on the process of droplet impacting on liquid surface. This paper makes a qualitative and quantitative comparison between the simulated and the experimental results of interface shapes. The mechanism of the interface deformation process is studied by analyzing the velocity field and the pressure field. The process of energy change during the impact is analyzed. According to the results, a pit is occurred while the droplet impact on liquid surface owe to the contribution of the field variation in velocity and pressure and the transfer of energy. When the pit expands to its the maximum, it begins to contract. Until the liquid surface recovers approaching waterline, the central jet rises from the center of the pit, and then the central jet is broken to generate secondary droplet. The kinetic energy, surface tension energy and gravitational potential energy are constantly transformed during the impact process. Gravitational potential energy and surface energy increase, kinetic energy decreases, and vice versa. The initial droplet impact velocity is larger, the energy consumption is larger.
引文
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[5]蒋昌波,邓斌,汤寒松,等.液滴自由下落与液面冲击过程的三维数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(6):665-674.JIANG Chang-bo,DENG Bin,TANG Han-song,et al.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of free-fall drop impact onto the surface of a liquid pool[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,28(6):665-674.
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[7]NISHIO N,YAMANA K,YAMAGUCHI Y,et al.Large-scale SPH simulations of droplet impact onto a liquid surface up to the consequent formation of Worthington jet[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,2010,63(12):1435-1447.
[8]CASTILLO-OROZCO E,DAVANLOU A,CHOUDHURYP K,et al.Droplet impact on deep liquid pools:Rayleigh jet to formation of secondary droplets[J].Physical Review E-Statistical,Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics,2015,92(5).
[9]BAHNI R,GAUTAM B,ASHUTOSH S.Regimes during liquid drop impact on a liquid pool[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2015,768:492-523.
[10]ENGEL O G.CRATER depth in fluid impacts[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1966,37(4):1798-1808.
[11]MACKLIN W C,METAXAS G J.Splashing of drops on liquid layers[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1976,47(9):3963-3970.
[12]王金,刘桂艳.物理化学实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.WANG Jin,LIU Gui-yan.Physical chemistry experiment[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2015.
[13]HIRT C W,NICHOLS B D.Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[14]NIKOLOPOULOS N,THEODORAKAKOS A,BERGELES G.Three-dimensional numerical investigation of a droplet impinging normally onto a wall film[J].Journal of Computational Physics,2007,225(1):322-341.
[15]REIN M.Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces[J].Fluid Dynamics Research,1993,12(2):61-93.
[2]OGUZ H N.Bubble entrainment by the impact of drops on liquid surfaces[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1990,219(219):143-179.
[3]罗朝霞,李会雄,陈听宽,等.液滴冲击无限大液面过程的边界元模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2002,23(6):749-752.LUO Zhao-xia,LI Hui-xiong,CHEN Ting-kuan,et al.Boundary element method to simulate the impact of droplet on the infinite liquid surface[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2002,23(6):749-752.
[4]李大鸣,李晓瑜,林毅.液滴冲击自由液面的SPH法数值模拟[J].中国科学:技术科学,2011(8):1055-1062.LI Da-ming,LI Xiao-yu,LIN Yi.Numerical simulation of droplet impacting liquid surface by SPH[J].Science China:Technical Science,2011(8):1055-1062.
[5]蒋昌波,邓斌,汤寒松,等.液滴自由下落与液面冲击过程的三维数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(6):665-674.JIANG Chang-bo,DENG Bin,TANG Han-song,et al.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of free-fall drop impact onto the surface of a liquid pool[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,28(6):665-674.
[6]BERBEROVI?E,VAN HINSBERG N P,JAKIRLI?S,et al.Drop impact onto a liquid layer of finite thickness:dynamics of the cavity evolution.[J].Physical Review E-Statistical,Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics,2009,79(2):036306.
[7]NISHIO N,YAMANA K,YAMAGUCHI Y,et al.Large-scale SPH simulations of droplet impact onto a liquid surface up to the consequent formation of Worthington jet[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,2010,63(12):1435-1447.
[8]CASTILLO-OROZCO E,DAVANLOU A,CHOUDHURYP K,et al.Droplet impact on deep liquid pools:Rayleigh jet to formation of secondary droplets[J].Physical Review E-Statistical,Nonlinear and Soft Matter Physics,2015,92(5).
[9]BAHNI R,GAUTAM B,ASHUTOSH S.Regimes during liquid drop impact on a liquid pool[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2015,768:492-523.
[10]ENGEL O G.CRATER depth in fluid impacts[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1966,37(4):1798-1808.
[11]MACKLIN W C,METAXAS G J.Splashing of drops on liquid layers[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1976,47(9):3963-3970.
[12]王金,刘桂艳.物理化学实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.WANG Jin,LIU Gui-yan.Physical chemistry experiment[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2015.
[13]HIRT C W,NICHOLS B D.Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[14]NIKOLOPOULOS N,THEODORAKAKOS A,BERGELES G.Three-dimensional numerical investigation of a droplet impinging normally onto a wall film[J].Journal of Computational Physics,2007,225(1):322-341.
[15]REIN M.Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces[J].Fluid Dynamics Research,1993,12(2):61-93.