流动老人的自评健康状况及影响因素研究——基于城乡差异的视角
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摘要
基于2015年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据,从城乡差异的分析视角,在流动老人的个体特征、社会经济特征和流动特征三个层面考察了不同户籍流动老人自评健康的影响因素。结果发现:第一,性别和婚姻状况对不同户籍流动老人健康自评的影响均不显著,而年龄和受教育程度在不同户籍的流动老人中显著性不同;第二,主要经济来源为社会保障收入、家庭经济支持或其他的对不同户籍流动老人的健康状况均有负向的影响,但二者之间的显著性程度存在着差异;参与社会体检和经常锻炼能显著提高流动老人的健康自评;第三,流动时间越长,农村户籍的流动老人自评健康状况越差,而这一效应在城镇户籍的流动老人中不显著;流动原因为照顾子女/孙辈的老人比务工经商的老人自评健康要好,这在不同户籍身份的流动老人中均通过了显著性检验。
Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of floating population health in 2015,from the perspective of analysis of urban-rural differences,the influencing factors of self-assessment health of elderly people with different household registrations were examined in three dimensions:the individual characteristics,social and economic characteristics,and floating characteristics. The results showed that gender and marital status had no significant effect on the health self-assessment of the floating elderly in different households,while the age and level of education had different effects among the floating elderly in different households. The main sources of income are social security income and family economic support or others had negative effects on the health status of the floating elderly who have different hukou status,but there is a difference in the degree of significance between urban and rural;Participating in social examinations and regular exercise can significantly improve the health self-evaluation of the floating elderly;The longer the flowing time,the poorer the self-evaluation of the health status of the floating elderly in rural households,but this effect is not significant for the floating elderly in urban household;The reason for the floating is that the elderly who take care of their children/grandchildren are better at self-evaluation health than those who work as business workers,which has passed a significant test in the floating elderly for different household registration status.
Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of floating population health in 2015,from the perspective of analysis of urban-rural differences,the influencing factors of self-assessment health of elderly people with different household registrations were examined in three dimensions:the individual characteristics,social and economic characteristics,and floating characteristics. The results showed that gender and marital status had no significant effect on the health self-assessment of the floating elderly in different households,while the age and level of education had different effects among the floating elderly in different households. The main sources of income are social security income and family economic support or others had negative effects on the health status of the floating elderly who have different hukou status,but there is a difference in the degree of significance between urban and rural;Participating in social examinations and regular exercise can significantly improve the health self-evaluation of the floating elderly;The longer the flowing time,the poorer the self-evaluation of the health status of the floating elderly in rural households,but this effect is not significant for the floating elderly in urban household;The reason for the floating is that the elderly who take care of their children/grandchildren are better at self-evaluation health than those who work as business workers,which has passed a significant test in the floating elderly for different household registration status.
引文
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[13]王德文,叶文振.中国老年人健康状况的性别差异及其影响因素[J].妇女研究论丛,2006(4):21-26.
[14] Benyamini Y.,Leventhal E. A.,Leventhal H. Gender Differences in Processing Information for Making Self-assessments of Health[J]. Psychosomatic Medicine,2000,62(3):354-364.
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[16]胡宏伟,李玉娇.中国老年人自评健康状况及其影响因素研究[J].山西财经大学学报,2011(2):1-8.
[17]姜向群,魏蒙,张文娟.中国老年人口的健康状况及影响因素研究[J].人口学刊,2015(2):46-56.
[18]马庆堃.高龄老人健康自评的比较分析[J].西北人口,2002(2):11-13.
[19]李建新,李毅.性别视角下中国老年人健康差异分析[J].人口研究,2009(2):48-57.
[20]杜鹏.中国老年人口健康状况分析[J].人口与经济,2013(6):3-9.
[21]陈宁,石人炳.流动老人健康差异的实证研究[J].重庆社会科学,2017(7):53-60.
[22]何雪松,黄富强,曾守锤.城乡迁移与精神健康:基于上海的实证研究[J].社会学研究,2010(1):111-129.
[23]吴敏,段成荣,朱晓.高龄农民工的心理健康及其社会支持机制[J].人口学刊,2016(4):93-102.
[24] Ferraro K. F. Self-ratings of Health Among the Old and the Old-old[J]. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,1980:377-383.
[25] Lee Y. The Predictive Value of Self Assessed General,Physical,and Mental Health on Functional Decline and Mortality in Older Adults[J]. Journal of Epidemiology&Community Health,2000,54(2):123-129.
[26]孟琴琴,张拓红.老年人健康自评的影响因素分析[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2010(3):258-263.
[27]牛建林,郑真真等.城市外来务工人员的工作和居住环境及其健康效应[J].人口研究,2011(3):64-75.
[28]李建新,刘保中.城乡老年人口生活满意度差异及变化分析——基于CLHLS项目调查数据[J].学海,2015(1):101-110.
[29]胡安宁.教育能否让我们更健康——基于2010年中国综合社会调查的城乡比较分析[J].中国社会科学,2014(5):116-130.
[30] Cutler D. M.,Lleras-Muney A. Understanding Differences in Health Behaviors by Education[J]. Journal of Health Economics,2010,29(1):1-28.
[31] Shea S.,Stein A. D.,Basch C. E.,et al. Independent Associations of Educational Attainment and Ethnicity with Behavioral Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology,1991,134(6):567-582.
[32]温勇,宗占红,舒星宇等.中老年人的健康状况、健康服务的需求与提供——依据中西部5省12县调查数据的分析[J].人口研究,2014(5):72-86.
[33]王甫勤.社会经济地位、生活方式与健康不平等[J].社会,2012(2):125-143.
[34]齐亚强,牛建林,威廉等.中国人口流动中的健康选择机制研究[J].人口研究,2012(1):102-112.
[35]靳小怡,刘妍珺.照料孙子女对老年人生活满意度的影响——基于流动老人和非流动老人的研究[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(2):119-129.
[36] Beach S. R.,Schulz R.,Yee J. L.,et al. Negative and Positive Health Effects of Caring for a Disabled Spouse:Longitudinal Findings from the Caregiver Health Effects Study[J].Psychology and Aging,2000,15(2):259-271.
[37]吴帆.中国流动人口家庭的迁移序列及其政策涵义[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(4):103-110.
[38] Wu X.,Treiman D. J. The Household Registration System and Social Stratification in China:1955~1996[J]. Demography,2004,41(2):363-384.
(1)段成荣等根据流动原因,将流动人口分为了经济型流动(因工作调动、分配录用、务工经商、学习培训等)和社会型流动(因婚姻迁入、随迁家属、投亲靠友和退休退职等)两种类型。
[2]周红云,胡浩钰.社会支持对流动老人社会融合的影响——基于武汉和深圳的调查数据[J].西北人口,2017(4):24-32.
[3]段成荣,杨柯,张斐等.改革开放以来中国流动人口变动的九大趋势[J].人口研究,2008(6):30-43.
[4]魏莱.北京市老年流动人口健康现状及对策[N].中国人口报,2017-12-25(003版).
[5]孟向京,姜向群,宋健等.北京市流动老年人口特征及成因分析[J].人口研究,2004(6):53-59.
[6]段成荣,刘涛,吕利丹.当前中国人口流动形势及其影响研究[J].山东社会科学,2017(9):63-69.
[7]薛新东,葛凯啸.社会经济地位对中国老年人健康状况的影响——基于中国老年健康影响因素调查的实证分析[J].人口与发展,2017(2):61-69.
[8]郑真真,连鹏灵.劳动力流动与流动人口健康问题[J].中国劳动经济学,2006(1):82-93.
[9]王世斌,申群喜,王明忠.比较视角下流动老年人社会参与的实证研究[J].南方人口,2015(5):44-51.
[10]彭大松,张卫阳,王承宽.流动老人的心理健康及影响因素分析——基于南京的调查发现[J].人口与社会,2017(4):20-32.
[11]刘晓雪.“老漂族”的养老问题初探[J].西安财经学院学报,2012(6):110-113.
[12]刘庆.“老漂族”的城市社会适应问题研究——社会工作介入的策略[J].西北人口,2012(4):23-26+31.
[13]王德文,叶文振.中国老年人健康状况的性别差异及其影响因素[J].妇女研究论丛,2006(4):21-26.
[14] Benyamini Y.,Leventhal E. A.,Leventhal H. Gender Differences in Processing Information for Making Self-assessments of Health[J]. Psychosomatic Medicine,2000,62(3):354-364.
[15]谷琳,杜鹏.中国老年人健康自评的差异性分析——基于2002年和2005年全国老年跟踪调查数据[J].南方人口,2007(2):58-64.
[16]胡宏伟,李玉娇.中国老年人自评健康状况及其影响因素研究[J].山西财经大学学报,2011(2):1-8.
[17]姜向群,魏蒙,张文娟.中国老年人口的健康状况及影响因素研究[J].人口学刊,2015(2):46-56.
[18]马庆堃.高龄老人健康自评的比较分析[J].西北人口,2002(2):11-13.
[19]李建新,李毅.性别视角下中国老年人健康差异分析[J].人口研究,2009(2):48-57.
[20]杜鹏.中国老年人口健康状况分析[J].人口与经济,2013(6):3-9.
[21]陈宁,石人炳.流动老人健康差异的实证研究[J].重庆社会科学,2017(7):53-60.
[22]何雪松,黄富强,曾守锤.城乡迁移与精神健康:基于上海的实证研究[J].社会学研究,2010(1):111-129.
[23]吴敏,段成荣,朱晓.高龄农民工的心理健康及其社会支持机制[J].人口学刊,2016(4):93-102.
[24] Ferraro K. F. Self-ratings of Health Among the Old and the Old-old[J]. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,1980:377-383.
[25] Lee Y. The Predictive Value of Self Assessed General,Physical,and Mental Health on Functional Decline and Mortality in Older Adults[J]. Journal of Epidemiology&Community Health,2000,54(2):123-129.
[26]孟琴琴,张拓红.老年人健康自评的影响因素分析[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2010(3):258-263.
[27]牛建林,郑真真等.城市外来务工人员的工作和居住环境及其健康效应[J].人口研究,2011(3):64-75.
[28]李建新,刘保中.城乡老年人口生活满意度差异及变化分析——基于CLHLS项目调查数据[J].学海,2015(1):101-110.
[29]胡安宁.教育能否让我们更健康——基于2010年中国综合社会调查的城乡比较分析[J].中国社会科学,2014(5):116-130.
[30] Cutler D. M.,Lleras-Muney A. Understanding Differences in Health Behaviors by Education[J]. Journal of Health Economics,2010,29(1):1-28.
[31] Shea S.,Stein A. D.,Basch C. E.,et al. Independent Associations of Educational Attainment and Ethnicity with Behavioral Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology,1991,134(6):567-582.
[32]温勇,宗占红,舒星宇等.中老年人的健康状况、健康服务的需求与提供——依据中西部5省12县调查数据的分析[J].人口研究,2014(5):72-86.
[33]王甫勤.社会经济地位、生活方式与健康不平等[J].社会,2012(2):125-143.
[34]齐亚强,牛建林,威廉等.中国人口流动中的健康选择机制研究[J].人口研究,2012(1):102-112.
[35]靳小怡,刘妍珺.照料孙子女对老年人生活满意度的影响——基于流动老人和非流动老人的研究[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(2):119-129.
[36] Beach S. R.,Schulz R.,Yee J. L.,et al. Negative and Positive Health Effects of Caring for a Disabled Spouse:Longitudinal Findings from the Caregiver Health Effects Study[J].Psychology and Aging,2000,15(2):259-271.
[37]吴帆.中国流动人口家庭的迁移序列及其政策涵义[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(4):103-110.
[38] Wu X.,Treiman D. J. The Household Registration System and Social Stratification in China:1955~1996[J]. Demography,2004,41(2):363-384.
(1)段成荣等根据流动原因,将流动人口分为了经济型流动(因工作调动、分配录用、务工经商、学习培训等)和社会型流动(因婚姻迁入、随迁家属、投亲靠友和退休退职等)两种类型。