玻璃纤维增强PA6材料尺寸稳定性的影响因素
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摘要
通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制备玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6(PA6)材料,分析了环境湿度、成核剂、热处理对玻璃纤维增强PA6材料尺寸稳定性的影响。结果表明,吸湿膨胀和内应力释放收缩共同影响玻璃纤维增强PA6材料的尺寸变化,前者为主导因素;环境湿度越高、时间越长,玻璃纤维增强PA6材料的尺寸变化率越大,且在垂直流动方向上的尺寸变化率大于流动方向上的;环境湿度越低,达到相同吸水率需要的时间越长,吸湿溶胀作用越明显,玻璃纤维增强PA6材料的尺寸变化率越大;随着成核剂用量的增加,玻璃纤维增强PA6材料的尺寸变化率降低,用量为0.5份时最优,成核剂用量继续增加,玻璃纤维增强PA6材料尺寸变化率下降不大;热处理促进玻璃纤维增强PA6材料内应力释放收缩,与吸湿膨胀相反作用降低材料的尺寸变化率。
Glass fiber-reinforced PA6 composites were prepared by melt-blending with a twin-screw extruder, and the effects of humidity, water absorption, nucleating agent and heat treatment on their dimensional stability were investigated. The results indicated that the hygroscopic expansion and internal stress release shrinkage affected the size of the composites, and the former was the dominant factor. The higher the ambient humidity, the longer was the time. As a result, the bigger was the size of the composites. Moreover, its size variation in the vertical flow direction was greater than that in the flow direction. The lower the environmental humidity, the longer was the time required to achieve the same water absorption rate, resulting in a larger size of the composites. With an increase of the content of nucleating agent, the size of the composites tended to decrease slightly. The size variation achieved a minimum value at a content of nucleating agent of 0.5 phr. However, the size changed little with further increasing the content of nucleating agent. The heat treatment promoted the internal stress release shrinkage of the composites, resulting in a decrease of size variation rate of the composites due to an opposite effect by hygroscopic expansion.
Glass fiber-reinforced PA6 composites were prepared by melt-blending with a twin-screw extruder, and the effects of humidity, water absorption, nucleating agent and heat treatment on their dimensional stability were investigated. The results indicated that the hygroscopic expansion and internal stress release shrinkage affected the size of the composites, and the former was the dominant factor. The higher the ambient humidity, the longer was the time. As a result, the bigger was the size of the composites. Moreover, its size variation in the vertical flow direction was greater than that in the flow direction. The lower the environmental humidity, the longer was the time required to achieve the same water absorption rate, resulting in a larger size of the composites. With an increase of the content of nucleating agent, the size of the composites tended to decrease slightly. The size variation achieved a minimum value at a content of nucleating agent of 0.5 phr. However, the size changed little with further increasing the content of nucleating agent. The heat treatment promoted the internal stress release shrinkage of the composites, resulting in a decrease of size variation rate of the composites due to an opposite effect by hygroscopic expansion.
引文
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[2] 李宏福,王淑范,孙海霞,等.连续碳纤维增强尼龙6热塑性复合材料的吸湿及力学性能[J].复合材材料学报,2018,1-9.LI H F,WANG S F,SUN H Z,et al.Water Absorption and Mechanical Property of Continuous Carbon Fiber/Polyamide 6 Composites [J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,1-9.
[3] SANG L,WANG C,WANG Y Y,et al.Effects of Hydrothermal Aging on Moisture Absorption and Property Prediction of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites [J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2018,153:306-314.
[4] DO V-T,NGUYEN-TRAN H-D,CHUN D-M.Effect of Polypropylene on the Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption of Carbon-fiber-reinforced-polyamide-6/Polypropylene Composite [J].Composite Structures,2016,150:240-245.
[5] CHEN K J,KANG G Z,LU F C,et al.Effect of Relative Humidity on Uniaxial Cyclic Softening/Hardening and Intrinsic Heat Generation of Polyamide-6 Polymer[J].Polymer Testing,2016,56:19-28.
[6] ARHANT M,GAC P-Y L,GALL M L,et al.Effect of Sea Water and Humidity on the Tensile and Compressive Properties of Carbon-polyamide 6 Laminates [J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2016,96:250-261.
[7] GAC P-Y L,ARHANT M,GALL M L,et al.Yield Stress Changes Induced by Water in Polyamide 6:Characterization and Modeling [J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2017,137:272-280
[8] 吕桂英,朱华,冯雪松,等.环境湿度对聚酰胺力学性能的影响及其微观机理探讨[J].工程塑料应用,2006,34(8):60-63.LV G Y,ZHU H,FENG X S,et al.The Effect of Environmental Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide and Its Micromechnism[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2006,34(8):60-63.
[9] 吴博,庞承焕.吸水率对尼龙6介电强度的影响研究[J].塑料工业,2010,38(6):44-46.WU B,PANG C H.Study the Influence of Water Absorption on the Dielectric Strength of Nylon 6[J].China Plastics Industry,2010,38(6):44-46.
[10] 宁冲冲,崔益华,吴银财,等.降低尼龙制品吸水率的研究进展[J].塑料科技,2013,41(1):105-108.NING C C,CUI Y H,WU Y C,et al.Research Progress of Lowering Moisture Absorption for Nylon Products.[J].Plastics Science and Technology,2013,41(1):105-108.
[11] 梁惠霞,李英,张绍岩.酚醛改性对玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺66复合材料耐湿性的影响[J].塑料科技,2016,44(10):49-52.LIANG H X,LI Y,ZHANG S Y.Effect of Phenolic Resin on Moisture Resistance of Glass Fiber Reinforced PA66 [J].Plastics Science and Technology,2016,44(10):49-52.
[12] FABRE V,QUANDALLE G,BILLON N,et al.Time-Temperature-Water Content Equivalence on Dynamic Mechanical Response of Polyamide6,6[J].Polymer,2018,137:22-29.
[13] ARHANT M,GAC P-Y L,GALL M L,et al.Modelling the non Fickian Water Absorption in Polyamide 6 [J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2016,133:404-412.
[14] LIN L,TIMOTHY M.WEIGAND,MATTHEW W,et al.Relative Importance of Geometrical and Intrinsic Water Transport Properties of Active Layers in the Water Permeability of Polyamide Thin-film Composite Membranes [J].Journal of Membrane Science,2018,564:935-944.
[15] LAI C C,CHEN S Y,CHEN M H,et al.Preparation and Characterization of Heterocyclic Polyamide 6 (PA 6) with High Transparencies and Low Hygroscopicities [J].Journal of Molecular Structure,2019,1175:836-843.
[16] LITVINOV V M,KONING C E,TIJSSEN J.The Effect of Annealing of Linear and Branched Polyamide 46 on the Phase Composition,Molecular Mobility and Water Absorption as Studied by DSC,1H and 2H Solid-state NMR[J].Polymer,2015,56:406-415.
[17] CLAVERIA I,ELDUQUE D,SANTOLARIA J,et al.The Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Dimensional Stability of Components Injected with PA6 and PA66 [J].Polymer Testing,2016,50:15-25.
[18] 刘爽,蒋敏,董华静,等.尼龙制件吸湿变形及预防措施研究[J].塑料科技,2007,35(4):54-56.LIU S,JIANG M,DONG H J,et al.Study on Deformation for Moisture Absorption and Prevention of Nylon Parts[J].Plastics Science and Technology,2007,35(4):54-56.
[19] 王兵辉,熊玉竹,吴胜学,等.退火对PA6结晶和拉伸性能的影响[J].工程塑料应用,2017,45(1):55-59.WANG B H,XIONG Y Z,WU S X,et al.Effect of Annealing on Crystallinity and Tensile Properties of PA6 [J].Engineering Plastics Application,2017,45(1):55-59.
[20] 张丕念.尼龙制品的尺寸变化及稳定方法[J].塑料工业,1981,(4):50-54.ZHANG P N.Dimension Change and Stabilization Method of Nylon Products[J].China Plastics Industry,1981,(4):50-54.