单流向算法与多流向算法下土壤侵蚀因子的比较研究
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摘要
本文分别论述了单流向算法与多流向算法下土壤侵蚀因子提取的基本原理、计算模型以及计算流程,并以陕北黄土丘陵区为实验区域,以30m分辨率DEM数据作为基础数据,对比分析了单流向算法与多流向算法下土壤侵蚀因子的空间结构特征与空间数据统计特征。实验结果表明,多流向算法具有与DEM相似的空间结构特征即表面光滑连续特性;空间数据统计分析表明,单流向算法与多流向算法对土壤侵蚀因子的计算影响,在土壤侵蚀因子计算值较小区域有显著性差异。
In the paper,the principles for extracting the topographic factors were expounded and the calculation models and flow chart were suggested,respectively by the methods of single flow direction and the multiple flow direction.By taking the area of Hilly Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi as an example and the DEM of 30meter as the basic data,the terrain factors were extracted with the methods of single flow direction and multiple flow direction.And with the spatial structure and spatial statistic analysis of the experimental results,it showed that the method of multiple flow direction was superior to the method single flow direction for its continuity in the raster surface of the topographic factors,which was in according with the surface of the origin DEM.Meanwhile the two methods for extracting the topographic factors had obvious differences in the low calculating value region.
In the paper,the principles for extracting the topographic factors were expounded and the calculation models and flow chart were suggested,respectively by the methods of single flow direction and the multiple flow direction.By taking the area of Hilly Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi as an example and the DEM of 30meter as the basic data,the terrain factors were extracted with the methods of single flow direction and multiple flow direction.And with the spatial structure and spatial statistic analysis of the experimental results,it showed that the method of multiple flow direction was superior to the method single flow direction for its continuity in the raster surface of the topographic factors,which was in according with the surface of the origin DEM.Meanwhile the two methods for extracting the topographic factors had obvious differences in the low calculating value region.
引文
[1]杨勤科,赵牡丹,刘咏梅,郭伟玲,王雷,李锐.DEM与区域土壤侵蚀地形因子研究[J].地理信息世界,2009(1):25-31.
[2]陈正发,郭宏忠,史东梅,唐学文.地形因子对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀作用的试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):83-87.
[3]Wischmeier W H,Smith D.Predicting Rainfall Erosion losses from Cropland East of the Rocky Mountains[R].Washington D.C.:United States Department of Agriculture,1965.
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[5]杨勤科,李锐,王占礼.区域水土流失监测与评价指标体系研究[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(7):74-77.
[6]汪邦稳,杨勤科,刘志红,赵心畅,基于DEM和GIS的修正通用土壤流失方程地形因子值的提取[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):18-23.
[7]Hickey R,Smith A,Jankowski P.Slope Length Calculations from a DEM Within ARC/INFO GRID[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,1994,18(5):365-380.
[8]Van Remortel R,Hamilton M,Hickey R.Estimating the LS Factor for RUSLE Through Iterative Slope Length Processing of Digital Elevation Data[J].Cartography,2001,30(1):27-35
[9]牟金泽,孟庆枚.降雨侵蚀土壤流失预报方程的初步研究[J].中国水土保持,1983(6):23-27.
[10]江忠善,李秀英.黄土高原土壤流失预报方程中降雨侵蚀力和地形因子的研究[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊,1988(1):40-45.
[11]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1-9.
[12]杨子生.滇东北山区坡耕地土壤流失方程研究[J].水土保持通报,1999,19(1):1-9.
[13]LIU B Y,NEARING M A,RISSE L M.Slope Gradient Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[14]Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Shi P J,et al.Slope Length Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1759-1763
[15]江忠善,郑粉莉,武敏.中国坡面水蚀预报模型研究[J].泥沙研究,2005(4):1-6.
[16]杨勤科,郭伟玲,张宏鸣,王雷,程琳,李俊.基于DEM的流域坡度坡长因子计算方法研究初报[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(2):203-211.
[17]张照录,崔继红.基于栅格GIS土壤侵蚀地形因子的提取算法[J].计算机工程,2006,32(5):226-228.
[18]张照录.基于DEM通用土壤流失方程地形因子的算法设计与优化[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):203-205.
[19]崔晨.基于DEM的土壤侵蚀模型中地形因子的研究一以陕北黄土高原为例[D].西安:西北大学,2010.
[20]周湘山,孙保平,李锦荣,赵岩,钟晓娟,王引乾,冯磊,邱一丹.基于GIS和USLE的土壤侵蚀定量分析研究——以四川省洪雅县为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):5-10.
[21]秦承志,朱阿兴,李宝林,裴韬,周成虎.基于栅格DEM的多流向算法述评[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):91-98.
[22]刘学军,晋蓓,王彦芳.DEM流径算法的相似性分析[J].地理研究,2008,27(6):1347-1356.
[23]邬伦,汪大明,张毅.基于DEM的水流方向算法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2006,11(7):998-1003.
[24]Hickey R.Slope Angle and Slope Length Solutions for GIS[J].Cartography,2000,29(1):1-8.
[2]陈正发,郭宏忠,史东梅,唐学文.地形因子对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀作用的试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):83-87.
[3]Wischmeier W H,Smith D.Predicting Rainfall Erosion losses from Cropland East of the Rocky Mountains[R].Washington D.C.:United States Department of Agriculture,1965.
[4]Renard K G,Foster G R,Weesies G A,et al.Predicting Soil Erosion by Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington:US Department of Agriculture,1997:404-407.
[5]杨勤科,李锐,王占礼.区域水土流失监测与评价指标体系研究[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(7):74-77.
[6]汪邦稳,杨勤科,刘志红,赵心畅,基于DEM和GIS的修正通用土壤流失方程地形因子值的提取[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):18-23.
[7]Hickey R,Smith A,Jankowski P.Slope Length Calculations from a DEM Within ARC/INFO GRID[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,1994,18(5):365-380.
[8]Van Remortel R,Hamilton M,Hickey R.Estimating the LS Factor for RUSLE Through Iterative Slope Length Processing of Digital Elevation Data[J].Cartography,2001,30(1):27-35
[9]牟金泽,孟庆枚.降雨侵蚀土壤流失预报方程的初步研究[J].中国水土保持,1983(6):23-27.
[10]江忠善,李秀英.黄土高原土壤流失预报方程中降雨侵蚀力和地形因子的研究[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊,1988(1):40-45.
[11]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1-9.
[12]杨子生.滇东北山区坡耕地土壤流失方程研究[J].水土保持通报,1999,19(1):1-9.
[13]LIU B Y,NEARING M A,RISSE L M.Slope Gradient Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[14]Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Shi P J,et al.Slope Length Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(5):1759-1763
[15]江忠善,郑粉莉,武敏.中国坡面水蚀预报模型研究[J].泥沙研究,2005(4):1-6.
[16]杨勤科,郭伟玲,张宏鸣,王雷,程琳,李俊.基于DEM的流域坡度坡长因子计算方法研究初报[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(2):203-211.
[17]张照录,崔继红.基于栅格GIS土壤侵蚀地形因子的提取算法[J].计算机工程,2006,32(5):226-228.
[18]张照录.基于DEM通用土壤流失方程地形因子的算法设计与优化[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):203-205.
[19]崔晨.基于DEM的土壤侵蚀模型中地形因子的研究一以陕北黄土高原为例[D].西安:西北大学,2010.
[20]周湘山,孙保平,李锦荣,赵岩,钟晓娟,王引乾,冯磊,邱一丹.基于GIS和USLE的土壤侵蚀定量分析研究——以四川省洪雅县为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):5-10.
[21]秦承志,朱阿兴,李宝林,裴韬,周成虎.基于栅格DEM的多流向算法述评[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):91-98.
[22]刘学军,晋蓓,王彦芳.DEM流径算法的相似性分析[J].地理研究,2008,27(6):1347-1356.
[23]邬伦,汪大明,张毅.基于DEM的水流方向算法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2006,11(7):998-1003.
[24]Hickey R.Slope Angle and Slope Length Solutions for GIS[J].Cartography,2000,29(1):1-8.