基流分割方法在寒旱区流域的适用性分析
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摘要
基流作为寒旱区流域的重要水分补给,在维持生态系统安全和水资源合理规划等方面发挥着重要作用,确定适合该区环境特点的基流分割方法尤为重要。基于数字滤波、滑动最小值(BFI)、时间步长(HYSEP)三类方法对我国西北寒旱区黑河流域上游莺落峡水文站1954~2012年的逐日流量进行基流分割,对三类共9种基流分割方法在研究区的适用性进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)9种方法计算所得年内基流量变化趋势均符合黑河流域特点,但不同月份降雨量的差异对基流分割结果的影响显著;(2)滑动最小值法和时间步长法对不同年份的基流过程有更好的辨识度,且滑动最小值(B1)法、滑动最小值(B2)法、时间步长(H3)法所得的多年平均基流指数与已有实验研究得到的结果相近,结果可靠,同时各法基流指数统计结果表明9种方法所得基流序列均较为平稳,年际变化平缓;(3)时间步长(H3)法得到的基流过程线符合流域汇流规律,与斜线分割法的确定性系数显著优于其它各法(R2=0.825,p<0.001)。综上,时间步长法中的局部最小值(H3)法综合考虑了年内基流量变化特征、年基流指数稳定性、径流过程线合理性三个方面,在黑河上游流域进行基流分割最为适宜。
Baseflow is an important component of runoff. Investigation on the baseflow separation methods is of significance for realizing hydrological cycle and water resources management in cold and arid regions. The Heihe River Basin is located in typical cold and arid regions in the Northwest China. Based on the observed runoff time series from 1954 to 2012 at the Yingluoxia station, one of the hydrological stations in the upper reaches of the Heihe River,the suitability of the 9 baseflow separation methods in the Heihe River Basin was analyzed,including digital filtering, BFI and HYSEP methods. The results show that:(1) the inner-annual baseflow trends estimated with the 9 kinds of methods notably conform to the characteristics of the Heihe River Basin, but the baseflow separation results are significantly affected by the precipitation in different months;(2) both BFI and HYSEP can better identify the baseflow process of dif ferent years,the average annual baseflow indices of B1, B2 and H3 are close to the isotope results, and the statistics of annual baseflow indices with the 9 baseflow separation methods show that the baseflow sequences are relatively smooth and gently decadal variation;(3) the baseflow and duration curve estimated by H3 can objectively reflect the recession hydrograph,and the determination coefficients between H3 and constant-slope separation method are superior to other methods(R2=0.825,p<0.001). From the above analysis, H3 is expected as the most suitable baseflow separation method for the upper reaches of the Heihe River, which can give a comprehensive consideration of the inner-annual baseflow trends, annual index stability and process curve rationality.
Baseflow is an important component of runoff. Investigation on the baseflow separation methods is of significance for realizing hydrological cycle and water resources management in cold and arid regions. The Heihe River Basin is located in typical cold and arid regions in the Northwest China. Based on the observed runoff time series from 1954 to 2012 at the Yingluoxia station, one of the hydrological stations in the upper reaches of the Heihe River,the suitability of the 9 baseflow separation methods in the Heihe River Basin was analyzed,including digital filtering, BFI and HYSEP methods. The results show that:(1) the inner-annual baseflow trends estimated with the 9 kinds of methods notably conform to the characteristics of the Heihe River Basin, but the baseflow separation results are significantly affected by the precipitation in different months;(2) both BFI and HYSEP can better identify the baseflow process of dif ferent years,the average annual baseflow indices of B1, B2 and H3 are close to the isotope results, and the statistics of annual baseflow indices with the 9 baseflow separation methods show that the baseflow sequences are relatively smooth and gently decadal variation;(3) the baseflow and duration curve estimated by H3 can objectively reflect the recession hydrograph,and the determination coefficients between H3 and constant-slope separation method are superior to other methods(R2=0.825,p<0.001). From the above analysis, H3 is expected as the most suitable baseflow separation method for the upper reaches of the Heihe River, which can give a comprehensive consideration of the inner-annual baseflow trends, annual index stability and process curve rationality.
引文
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[9]左海凤,武淑林,邵景力,等.山丘区河川基流BFI程序分割方法的运用与分析——以汾河流域河岔水文站为例[J].水文,2007,27(1):69-71.(ZUO Haifeng,WU Shulin,SHAO Jingli,et al.Application of computerized base-flow separation methods with BFI program in mountainous areas[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2007,27(1):69-71.(in Chinese))
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[11]赵捷,徐宗学,牛最荣,等.黑河上中游流域植被时空演变规律及其对水热条件的响应特征分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):387-392.(ZHAO Jie,XU Zongxue,NIU Zuirong,et al.Spatiotemporal variation of vegetation in response to changes in temperature and precipitation in upper and middle reaches of the Heihe River basin:a SPOT NDVI dataset study[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2016,52(3):387-392.(in Chinese))
[12]郭巧玲,杨云松,畅祥生,等.1957-2008年黑河流域径流年内分配变化[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(5):550-556.(GUO Qiaoling,YANG Yunsong,CHANG Xiangsheng,et al.Annual variation of Heihe River runoff during 1957-2008[J].Progress in Geography,2011,30(5):550-556.(in Chinese))
[13]张华,张勃,赵传燕.黑河上游多年基流变化及其原因分析[J].地理研究,2011,30(8):1421-1430.(ZHANG Hua,ZHANG Bo,ZHAO Chuanyan.Annual base flow change and its causes in the upper reaches of Heihe River[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(8):1421-1430.(in Chinese))
[14]赵韦,李占玲,王月华.黑河流域上游山区基流量分割及其变化[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(5):26-31.(ZHAO Wei,LI Zhanling,WANG Yuehua.Separation and characteristics of base flow in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(5):26-31.(in Chinese))
[15]党素珍,王中根,刘昌明.黑河上游地区基流分割及其变化特征分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(12):2232-2237.(DANG Suzhen,WANG Zhonggen,LIU Changming.Baseflow separation and its characteristics in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin[J].Resources Science,2011,33(12):2232-2237.(in Chinese))
[16]王宇涵,杨大文,雷慧闽,等.冰冻圈水文过程对黑河上游径流的影响分析[J].水利学报,2015,46(9):1064-1071.(WANG Yuhan,YANG Dawen,LEI Huimin,et al.Impact of cryosphere hydrological processes on the river runoff in the upper reaches of Heihe River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(9):1064-1071.(in Chinese))
[17]董薇薇,丁永建,魏霞.祁连山疏勒河上游基流变化及其影响因素分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(3):661-669.(DONG Weiwei,DING Yongjian,WEI Xia.Variation of the base flow and its causes in the upper reaches of the Shule River in the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(3):661-669.(in Chinese))
[18]李占玲,徐宗学.黑河上游山区径流变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(9):51-56.(LI Zhanling,XU Zongxue.Characteristics of runoff time series for the upper reaches of Heihe River basin[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(9):51-56.(in Chinese))
[19]Nathan R J,Mcmahon T A.Evaluation of automated techniques for baseflow and recession analyses[J].Water Resources Research.1990,26(7):1465-1473.
[20]于艺鹏,杨亚辉,蔺鹏飞,等.自动基流分割法在北洛河流域的适宜性对比[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):302-307.(YU Yipeng,YANG Yahui,LIN Pengfei,et al.Comparison of suitability among automatic baseflow separation methods for separating baseflow in Beiluo River basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):302-307.(in Chinese))
[21]杨蕊,王龙,韩春玲.9种基流分割方法在南盘江上游的应用对比[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2013,28(5):707-712.(YANG Rui,WANG Long,HAN Chunling.Nine kinds of base flow separation methods apply and comparative in the upper reach of Nanpan River[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(5):707-712.(in Chinese))
[22]Eckhardt K.A comparison of baseflow indices,which were calculated with seven different baseflow separation methods[J].Journal of Hydrology.2008,352(1-2):168-173.
[23]Qin Y,Lei H,Yang D,et al.Long-term change in the depth of seasonally frozen ground and its ecohydrological impacts in the Qilian Mountains,northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,542:204-221.
[2]徐磊磊,刘敬林,金昌杰,等.水文过程的基流分割方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):3073-3080.(XU Leilei,LIU jinglin,JIN Changjie,et al.Baseflow separation methods in hydrological process research:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(11):3073-3080.(in Chinese))
[3]黄国如.流量过程线的自动分割方法探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(1):73-78.(HUANG Guoru.Baseflow separation from daily flow hydrograph using automated techniques[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2007,26(1):73-78.(in Chinese))
[4]Smakhtin V U.Low flow hydrology:a review[J].Journal of Hydrology.2001,240(3-4):147-186.
[5]熊立华,郭生练.采用非线性水库假设的基流分割方法及应用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,38(1):27-29.(XIONG Lihua,GUO Shenglian.A baseflow separation method based on nonlinear reservoir assumption[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2005,38(1):27-29.(in Chinese))
[6]陈利群,刘昌明,李发东.基流研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(1):1-15.(CHEN Liqun,LIU Changming,LI Fadong.Reviews on base flow researches[J].Progress in Geography.2006,25(1):1-15.(in Chinese))
[7]钱开铸,吕京京,陈婷,等.基流计算方法的进展与应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(4):20-25.(QIAN Kaitao,LV Jingjing,CHEN Ting,et al.A review on base-flow calculation and its application[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(4):20-25.(in Chinese))
[8]周旭东,杨涛.三种基流分割方法在黄河源区应用中的对比分析[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(10):18-21.(ZHOU Xudong,YANG Tao.Applications of three base flow separation methods in source region of Yellow River[J].Water Resource and Power,2014,32(10):18-21.(in Chinese))
[9]左海凤,武淑林,邵景力,等.山丘区河川基流BFI程序分割方法的运用与分析——以汾河流域河岔水文站为例[J].水文,2007,27(1):69-71.(ZUO Haifeng,WU Shulin,SHAO Jingli,et al.Application of computerized base-flow separation methods with BFI program in mountainous areas[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2007,27(1):69-71.(in Chinese))
[10]Dai Z,Chu A,Du J,et al.Assessment of extreme drought and human interference on baseflow of the Yangtze River[J].Hydrological Processes.2010,24(6):749-757.
[11]赵捷,徐宗学,牛最荣,等.黑河上中游流域植被时空演变规律及其对水热条件的响应特征分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):387-392.(ZHAO Jie,XU Zongxue,NIU Zuirong,et al.Spatiotemporal variation of vegetation in response to changes in temperature and precipitation in upper and middle reaches of the Heihe River basin:a SPOT NDVI dataset study[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2016,52(3):387-392.(in Chinese))
[12]郭巧玲,杨云松,畅祥生,等.1957-2008年黑河流域径流年内分配变化[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(5):550-556.(GUO Qiaoling,YANG Yunsong,CHANG Xiangsheng,et al.Annual variation of Heihe River runoff during 1957-2008[J].Progress in Geography,2011,30(5):550-556.(in Chinese))
[13]张华,张勃,赵传燕.黑河上游多年基流变化及其原因分析[J].地理研究,2011,30(8):1421-1430.(ZHANG Hua,ZHANG Bo,ZHAO Chuanyan.Annual base flow change and its causes in the upper reaches of Heihe River[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(8):1421-1430.(in Chinese))
[14]赵韦,李占玲,王月华.黑河流域上游山区基流量分割及其变化[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(5):26-31.(ZHAO Wei,LI Zhanling,WANG Yuehua.Separation and characteristics of base flow in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(5):26-31.(in Chinese))
[15]党素珍,王中根,刘昌明.黑河上游地区基流分割及其变化特征分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(12):2232-2237.(DANG Suzhen,WANG Zhonggen,LIU Changming.Baseflow separation and its characteristics in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin[J].Resources Science,2011,33(12):2232-2237.(in Chinese))
[16]王宇涵,杨大文,雷慧闽,等.冰冻圈水文过程对黑河上游径流的影响分析[J].水利学报,2015,46(9):1064-1071.(WANG Yuhan,YANG Dawen,LEI Huimin,et al.Impact of cryosphere hydrological processes on the river runoff in the upper reaches of Heihe River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(9):1064-1071.(in Chinese))
[17]董薇薇,丁永建,魏霞.祁连山疏勒河上游基流变化及其影响因素分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(3):661-669.(DONG Weiwei,DING Yongjian,WEI Xia.Variation of the base flow and its causes in the upper reaches of the Shule River in the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(3):661-669.(in Chinese))
[18]李占玲,徐宗学.黑河上游山区径流变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(9):51-56.(LI Zhanling,XU Zongxue.Characteristics of runoff time series for the upper reaches of Heihe River basin[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(9):51-56.(in Chinese))
[19]Nathan R J,Mcmahon T A.Evaluation of automated techniques for baseflow and recession analyses[J].Water Resources Research.1990,26(7):1465-1473.
[20]于艺鹏,杨亚辉,蔺鹏飞,等.自动基流分割法在北洛河流域的适宜性对比[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):302-307.(YU Yipeng,YANG Yahui,LIN Pengfei,et al.Comparison of suitability among automatic baseflow separation methods for separating baseflow in Beiluo River basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):302-307.(in Chinese))
[21]杨蕊,王龙,韩春玲.9种基流分割方法在南盘江上游的应用对比[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2013,28(5):707-712.(YANG Rui,WANG Long,HAN Chunling.Nine kinds of base flow separation methods apply and comparative in the upper reach of Nanpan River[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(5):707-712.(in Chinese))
[22]Eckhardt K.A comparison of baseflow indices,which were calculated with seven different baseflow separation methods[J].Journal of Hydrology.2008,352(1-2):168-173.
[23]Qin Y,Lei H,Yang D,et al.Long-term change in the depth of seasonally frozen ground and its ecohydrological impacts in the Qilian Mountains,northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,542:204-221.