基于流域盆地面积的郑洛地区史前聚落遗址分析
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摘要
本文以郑洛地区为研究区域,以裴李岗文化时期、仰韶文化前期、仰韶文化后期和龙山文化时期为时间序列,对研究区域的流域盆地面积与相应的遗址点数量的关系、流域盆地面积与相应的遗址点增长速率的关系,以及各个流域盆地中遗址点分布密度的时空分布特征进行了研究。结果显示:(1)通过相关方法分析,以数字化的形式表明了流域盆地面积与分布的遗址点数量呈显著的正相关关系,且裴李岗文化时期的相关程度与其他3个文化时期相比较小;(2)对各流域盆地内遗址点的变化趋势分析发现,流域盆地面积与分布的遗址点变化趋势呈显著的正相关关系,这也解释了流域盆地黄河流域(B)、伊洛河流域(C)的变化趋势最快的缘由;(3)对各流域盆地内遗址点的分布密度进行分级可发现,在裴李岗文化时期,东部地区遗址点的分布密度大于西部地区,而其他3个文化时期是中西部地区大于东部地区。
Hydrological analysis module supported by GIS extracts information about the hydrological characteristics of research area by using Digital Elevation Model. In this paper, Zhengzhou-Luoyang region is selected as the research area. And Peiligang cultural period, early Yangshao cultural period, later Yangshao cultural period and Longshan cultural period are selected as the time series. The paper uses hydrological analysis to get the information of drainage basins in Zhengluo region, which is proved to be viable and rarely used in previous researches about the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites and drainage basins. According to the information of drainage basins, this paper analyzes its relationship with the spatial distribution of settlement sites in Zhengluo region. Besides, the relationship between the area of the drainage basin and the growth rate of its settlement sites,and the relationship between the area of the drainage basin and the number of its settlement sites are studied in the paper. The above relationships are clearly displayed in a digital way using the correlation analysis. And the results suggest that there is a significant positive correlation between the area of drainage basins and the number of settlement sites. There is also a positive correlation between the area of drainage basins and the change trend of settlement sites. When studying the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of settlement sites in each drainage basin, it can be found that during Peiligang cultural period, the distribution density of settlement sites in the eastern region is greater than the western region. And among the other three cultural periods, the distribution density of settlement sites in the central and western region is greater than the eastern region. Due to the different modes of production, there is a great difference among the residential environment within which the settlement sites are located. As time goes on, people ?? s dependence on drainage basins is gradually decreasing with the change of the modes of production. Therefore, the research on the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites and drainage basins extracted using the hydrological analysis is highly significant.
Hydrological analysis module supported by GIS extracts information about the hydrological characteristics of research area by using Digital Elevation Model. In this paper, Zhengzhou-Luoyang region is selected as the research area. And Peiligang cultural period, early Yangshao cultural period, later Yangshao cultural period and Longshan cultural period are selected as the time series. The paper uses hydrological analysis to get the information of drainage basins in Zhengluo region, which is proved to be viable and rarely used in previous researches about the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites and drainage basins. According to the information of drainage basins, this paper analyzes its relationship with the spatial distribution of settlement sites in Zhengluo region. Besides, the relationship between the area of the drainage basin and the growth rate of its settlement sites,and the relationship between the area of the drainage basin and the number of its settlement sites are studied in the paper. The above relationships are clearly displayed in a digital way using the correlation analysis. And the results suggest that there is a significant positive correlation between the area of drainage basins and the number of settlement sites. There is also a positive correlation between the area of drainage basins and the change trend of settlement sites. When studying the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of settlement sites in each drainage basin, it can be found that during Peiligang cultural period, the distribution density of settlement sites in the eastern region is greater than the western region. And among the other three cultural periods, the distribution density of settlement sites in the central and western region is greater than the eastern region. Due to the different modes of production, there is a great difference among the residential environment within which the settlement sites are located. As time goes on, people ?? s dependence on drainage basins is gradually decreasing with the change of the modes of production. Therefore, the research on the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites and drainage basins extracted using the hydrological analysis is highly significant.
引文
[1]刘建国.考古与地理信息系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[2]刘建国.GIS支持的聚落考古研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007.
[3]Out W A.Neolithisation at the site Brandwijk-Kerkhof,the Netherlands:natural vegetation,human impact and plant food subsistence[J].Vegetation History and Archaeobotany,2008,17(1):25-39.
[4]Micle D,T?r?k Oance M,M?ruia L.The morphotopographic and cartographic analysis using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques of the archaeological site Cornesti“Iarcuri”,Timis County,Romania,Using Computer Sciences Methods(GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques)[J].Annals Computer Science,2009,Vll(1):249-262.
[5]Wienhold M L.Prehistoric land use and hydrology:a multi-scalar spatial analysis in central Arizona[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2013,40(2):850-859.
[6]王亚娟,李晓刚.基于GIS的商洛地区10 ka B.P.以来古文化遗址空间分布特征研究[J].甘肃科学学报,2014,26(3):18-22.
[7]谢立华,李颖翀,王洪镇,等.GIS支持下的古窑址与地理环境关系研究——以福建省为例[J].文物保护与考古科学,2013,25(4):100-105.
[8]杨林,裴安平,郭宁宁,等.洛阳地区史前聚落遗址空间形态研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(8):993-999.
[9]闫丽洁,石忆邵,杨瑞霞,等.借助GIS研究史前聚落遗址的空间分布特征[J].地理信息世界,2012(2):44-48.
[10]毕硕本,郭文政,闾国年.郑洛地区史前聚落遗址坡向坡度分析[J].测绘科学,2010,35(6):139-141.
[11]宋向阳,吴发启,赵龙山,等.基于DEM的延河流域水文特征提取与分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):200-206.
[12]赵春青.郑洛地区新石器时代聚落的演变[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[13]王云,梁明,汪桂生.基于Arc GIS的流域水文特征分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(5):581-585.
[14]张国珍,严恩萍,洪奕丰,等.基于DEM的东江湖风景区水文分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(2):172-177.
[15]叶爱中,夏军,王纲胜,等.基于数字高程模型的河网提取及子流域生成[J].水利学报,2005,36(5):531-537.
[16]李龙.中原史前聚落分布与特征演化[J].中原文物,2008(3):29-35.
[17]毕硕本,计晗,梁静涛,等.基于指数模型的郑州——洛阳地区史前聚落遗址空间分布[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(10):1454-1462.
[18]张磊,杨静,卢扬.区域水环境与旅游经济发展关系分析——以贵州省安顺市为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(7):3311-3312.
[19]梁志恒.基于小型超市POS系统数据挖掘分析方法的应用[J].沈阳师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,24(1):47-50.
[20]李雅箐,李小娟,王彦兵.北京市房山区农村经济发展空间格局分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(3):391-400.
[21]张震宇,周昆叔,杨瑞霞,等.双洎河流域环境考古[J].第四纪研究,2007(27):453-460.
[2]刘建国.GIS支持的聚落考古研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007.
[3]Out W A.Neolithisation at the site Brandwijk-Kerkhof,the Netherlands:natural vegetation,human impact and plant food subsistence[J].Vegetation History and Archaeobotany,2008,17(1):25-39.
[4]Micle D,T?r?k Oance M,M?ruia L.The morphotopographic and cartographic analysis using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques of the archaeological site Cornesti“Iarcuri”,Timis County,Romania,Using Computer Sciences Methods(GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques)[J].Annals Computer Science,2009,Vll(1):249-262.
[5]Wienhold M L.Prehistoric land use and hydrology:a multi-scalar spatial analysis in central Arizona[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2013,40(2):850-859.
[6]王亚娟,李晓刚.基于GIS的商洛地区10 ka B.P.以来古文化遗址空间分布特征研究[J].甘肃科学学报,2014,26(3):18-22.
[7]谢立华,李颖翀,王洪镇,等.GIS支持下的古窑址与地理环境关系研究——以福建省为例[J].文物保护与考古科学,2013,25(4):100-105.
[8]杨林,裴安平,郭宁宁,等.洛阳地区史前聚落遗址空间形态研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(8):993-999.
[9]闫丽洁,石忆邵,杨瑞霞,等.借助GIS研究史前聚落遗址的空间分布特征[J].地理信息世界,2012(2):44-48.
[10]毕硕本,郭文政,闾国年.郑洛地区史前聚落遗址坡向坡度分析[J].测绘科学,2010,35(6):139-141.
[11]宋向阳,吴发启,赵龙山,等.基于DEM的延河流域水文特征提取与分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):200-206.
[12]赵春青.郑洛地区新石器时代聚落的演变[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[13]王云,梁明,汪桂生.基于Arc GIS的流域水文特征分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(5):581-585.
[14]张国珍,严恩萍,洪奕丰,等.基于DEM的东江湖风景区水文分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(2):172-177.
[15]叶爱中,夏军,王纲胜,等.基于数字高程模型的河网提取及子流域生成[J].水利学报,2005,36(5):531-537.
[16]李龙.中原史前聚落分布与特征演化[J].中原文物,2008(3):29-35.
[17]毕硕本,计晗,梁静涛,等.基于指数模型的郑州——洛阳地区史前聚落遗址空间分布[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(10):1454-1462.
[18]张磊,杨静,卢扬.区域水环境与旅游经济发展关系分析——以贵州省安顺市为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(7):3311-3312.
[19]梁志恒.基于小型超市POS系统数据挖掘分析方法的应用[J].沈阳师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,24(1):47-50.
[20]李雅箐,李小娟,王彦兵.北京市房山区农村经济发展空间格局分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(3):391-400.
[21]张震宇,周昆叔,杨瑞霞,等.双洎河流域环境考古[J].第四纪研究,2007(27):453-460.