全福庄小流域不同土地利用类型地表水氮浓度动态特征
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摘要
为定量研究元阳梯田"四素同构"生态系统不同土地利用类型地表水氮浓度的动态变化特征,以元阳县全福庄小流域为研究对象,于2016年11月—2017年10月,连续定位观测林地、村庄、梯田、河流4种土地利用类型地表水中总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO-3-N)和氨态氮(NH+4-N)浓度的动态变化,分析了各形态氮浓度的时空分布及其季节性变化。结果表明:(1)4种土地利用类型下TN和NO-3-N浓度的最大值均出现在6月,最小值均出现在12月—翌年2月,梯田和河流的NH+4-N浓度较高,且最大值均出现在5月,梯田中NH+4-N浓度的最小值出现在7月。(2)TN,NO-3-N和NH+4-N浓度均表现出村庄最高,其次为梯田和河流,最低为林地的分布特征。林地、梯田和河流中TN和NO-3-N浓度均为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的变化规律,林地、梯田和河流中NH+4-N浓度呈现为春季>冬季>秋季>夏季的变化规律。
The dynamic characteristics of surface water nitrogen concentration under various land uses were studied in the Quanfuzhuang watershed with typical nature of ‘four-element-in-a-structure'ecosystem in Yuanyang County.From November 2016 to October 2017,the study was conducted to analyze spatial and temporal distribution as well as seasonal variations of the nitrogen concentration through monitoring the TN,NO-3-N and NH+4-N of the surface water under four land uses of forest,villages,terraces and river.The results showed that:(1)the highest concentrations of TN and NO-3-N appeared in June,while the lowest in December to February;the concentrations of NH+4-N in terraces and river were higher and the highest in May,while the lowest NH+4-N in the terraces appeared in July;(2)the highest concentrations of the TN,NO-3-N and NH+4-N appeared in the village,followed by terraces and river,and the lowest appeared in the forestland;concentrations of TN and NO-3-N in the forest,terraces and river decreased in the order:summer>spring>autumn,while the NH+4-N concentrations decreased in the sequence:spring>winter>autumn>summer.
The dynamic characteristics of surface water nitrogen concentration under various land uses were studied in the Quanfuzhuang watershed with typical nature of ‘four-element-in-a-structure'ecosystem in Yuanyang County.From November 2016 to October 2017,the study was conducted to analyze spatial and temporal distribution as well as seasonal variations of the nitrogen concentration through monitoring the TN,NO-3-N and NH+4-N of the surface water under four land uses of forest,villages,terraces and river.The results showed that:(1)the highest concentrations of TN and NO-3-N appeared in June,while the lowest in December to February;the concentrations of NH+4-N in terraces and river were higher and the highest in May,while the lowest NH+4-N in the terraces appeared in July;(2)the highest concentrations of the TN,NO-3-N and NH+4-N appeared in the village,followed by terraces and river,and the lowest appeared in the forestland;concentrations of TN and NO-3-N in the forest,terraces and river decreased in the order:summer>spring>autumn,while the NH+4-N concentrations decreased in the sequence:spring>winter>autumn>summer.
引文
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[2] Vitousek P.M,Naylor R,Crews T,et al.Nutrient Imbalances in Agricultural Development[J].Science,2009,324(5934):1519-1520.
[3]单保庆,尹澄清,白颖,等.小流域磷污染物非点源输出的人工降雨模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(1):33-37.
[4]黄满湘,章申.北京地区农田氮素养分随地表径流流失机理[J].地理学报,2003,58(1):147-154.
[5]康玲玲,朱小勇,王云璋,等.不同雨强条件下黄土性土壤养分流失规律研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):536-543.
[6]朱继业,高超,朱建国,等.不同农地利用方式下地表径流中氮的输出特征[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,2006,42(6):621-627.
[7]Hwang S J,Lee S W,Son J Y,et al.Moderating effects of the geometry of reservoirs on the relation between urban land use and water quality[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2007,82(4):175-183.
[8]王晓燕,王一峋,王晓峰,等.密云水库小流域土地利用方式与氮磷流失规律[J].环境科学研究,2003,16(1):30-33.
[9]张汪寿,李晓秀,王晓燕,等.北运河下游灌区不同土地利用方式非点源氮素输出规律[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2698-2706.
[10]张小娟,宋维峰,吴锦奎,等.元阳梯田水源区土壤水氢氧同位素特征[J].环境科学,2015(6):2102-2108.
[11]窦培谦.密云水库上游流域特征与氮磷流失规律关系研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2006.
[12]陈阿辉,李卫平,于玲红,等.克鲁伦河夏季水体中氮、磷污染特征[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(9):34-38.
[13]赵晓静,张胜利,马国栋.间伐强度对秦岭锐齿栎林冠层和枯落物层水化学效应的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):8155-8164.
[14] Wang P,Gao C,Yao Q,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen losses in hilly area of Taihu Lake[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(8):1671-1675.
[15]马东,杜志勇,吴娟,等.崂山水库流域不同土地利用类型地表径流的氮磷流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):31-33.
[16]徐幸仪,王建群,胡小丽.镇江丘陵区农业流域土地利用对氮素输移的影响[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(2):112-115.
[17]陆海明,尹澄清,王夏晖,等.于桥水库周边农业小流域氮素流失浓度特征[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(2):349-355.
[18] Richards C,Johnson L B,Host G.Landscape influences on habitat,water chemistry,and macroinvertebrate assemblages in Midwestern stream ecosystems[R].NRRI Technical Report,2015.
[19]涂安国,尹炜,陈德强,等.丹江口库区典型小流域地表径流氮素动态变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(8):926-932.
[20]牟溥,王庆成,Anne,等.土地利用、溪流级别与溪流河水理化性质的关系[J].生态学报,2004,24(7):1486-1492.