精控压裂薄差储层渗流特征实验研究
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摘要
基于平板模型模拟精控压裂薄差储层的相似理论,设计、制作得到平板模型并开展渗流特征实验,明确平板模型的压力梯度分布状况,绘制渗流特征区域划分图件,定性描述并定量表征储层渗流特征。实验结果表明:精控压裂薄差储层渗流特征受渗透性、非均质性和精控压裂措施裂缝影响,薄差储层整体渗透率低、非均质强,裂缝对渗流特征影响程度更大,精控压裂可减小薄差储层的低渗透性及强非均质性对压力传播的负面影响;薄差储层中存在不流动区、非线性渗流区和拟线性渗流区三个渗流特征区域,精控压裂使薄差储层中不流动区域面积降低超过72%,可流动区域面积相应增加,其中更易于流体流动的拟线性渗流区面积增加86%以上。
Experiments for seepage flow patterns in thin and poor reservoirs could be carried out by the plate models made by artificial core designed based on the similarity theory. Pressure gradient distribution in fractured thin and poor reservoir by fine controlling was revealed based on the pressure data, and the sketch maps of seepage flow sections were drew to study on seepage flow patterns of fine controlled fractured thin and poor reservoir qualitatively and quantitatively. Experiment results showed that seepage flow patterns in thin and poor reservoirs were greatly influenced by permeability, heterogeneity and fine controlled fracturing cracks while the thin and poor reservoirs had low permeability and strong homogeneity. Fine controlled fracturing could reduce the negative influence of low permeability and strong heterogeneity. Thin and poor reservoirs could be divided into the non seepage flow section, the nonlinear seepage flow section and the quasi linear seepage flow section. The non seepage flow section was reduced by over 72 % after fine controlled fracturing, the area for fluid flowing through increased correspondingly, and the proportion of quasi linear percolation area which was more conducive to fluid flow raised by at least 86 %.
Experiments for seepage flow patterns in thin and poor reservoirs could be carried out by the plate models made by artificial core designed based on the similarity theory. Pressure gradient distribution in fractured thin and poor reservoir by fine controlling was revealed based on the pressure data, and the sketch maps of seepage flow sections were drew to study on seepage flow patterns of fine controlled fractured thin and poor reservoir qualitatively and quantitatively. Experiment results showed that seepage flow patterns in thin and poor reservoirs were greatly influenced by permeability, heterogeneity and fine controlled fracturing cracks while the thin and poor reservoirs had low permeability and strong homogeneity. Fine controlled fracturing could reduce the negative influence of low permeability and strong heterogeneity. Thin and poor reservoirs could be divided into the non seepage flow section, the nonlinear seepage flow section and the quasi linear seepage flow section. The non seepage flow section was reduced by over 72 % after fine controlled fracturing, the area for fluid flowing through increased correspondingly, and the proportion of quasi linear percolation area which was more conducive to fluid flow raised by at least 86 %.
引文
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[3]曲志浩,孔令荣.低渗透油层微观水驱油特征[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2002,(4):329-334.
[4]李爱芬,刘敏,张少辉,等.特低渗透油藏渗流特征实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(2):35-39.
[5]张光明,廖锐全,徐永高,等.特低渗透油藏流体渗流特征试验研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(1):88-89.
[6]刘凯,文章,梁杏,等.一维低渗透介质非达西渗流实验[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2013,28(1):81-87.
[7]闫庆来,何秋轩,尉立岗,等.低渗透油层中单相液体渗流特征的实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,1990,5(2):1-6.
[8]吴岱峰,鲁晓兵,刘庆杰,等.低渗岩心驱替过程中的压力分布特征研究[J].力学与实践,2012,34(5):27-31.
[9]薛成国.特低渗透储层大型物理模拟研究[D].河北廊坊:中国科学院研究生院(渗流流体力学研究所),2011.
[10]徐轩,刘学伟,杨正明,等.特低渗透砂岩大型露头模型单相渗流特征实验[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):453-458.
[11]Yu Qian-nan,Liu Yikun,Liu Xue,et al.Experimental study on seepage flow patterns in heterogeneous low-permeability reservoirs[J].Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2018,8(2):589-596.
[12]Geertsma J,Croes G A,Schwarz N.Theory of dimensionally scaled models of petroleum reservoirs[J].Trans AIME,1956,207:118-127.
[13]孔祥言,陈峰磊,裴柏林.水驱油物理模拟理论和相似准则[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(6):56-60.
[14]皮彦夫.石英砂环氧树脂胶结人造岩心的技术与应用[J].科学技术与工程,2010,10(28):6998-7000.
[15]Prada A,Civan F.Modification of Darcy's law for the threshold pressure gradient[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,1999,22(4):237-240.
[16]时佃海.低渗透砂岩油藏平面径向渗流流态分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):491-494.
[17]吕成远,王建,孙志刚.低渗透砂岩油藏渗流启动压力梯度实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):86-89.
[18]于倩男.杏南开发区精控压裂薄差储层渗流特征研究[D].黑龙江大庆:东北石油大学,2017.