掺复合浆液堆石料压缩特性试验研究
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摘要
针对高堆石坝坝体变形大且持续时间长的问题,提出了一种提高堆石体压缩模量、减缓流变变形的方法,即利用易流动、后期硬化的高掺粉煤灰水泥砂浆(简称复合浆液)在堆石体摊铺过程中充填堆石体孔隙,在施工碾压的基础上进一步减小堆石体孔隙率。首先,通过观测复合浆液在透明玻璃球中的流动性态,研究不同配比与掺量对复合浆液流动特性的影响;然后,通过侧限压缩和流变试验,研究掺复合浆液堆石料的压缩模量、流变变形的变化规律。试验结果表明:复合浆液在颗粒体孔隙中的流动性能与粉煤灰掺比、水胶比、砂粒最大粒径以及掺量有关;复合浆液的掺入能有效提高堆石料压缩模量,减少流变变形,且对于软岩料、级配不良料效果更为明显;复合浆液在堆石料中主要起到了充填、胶结与润滑作用。
Due to the large deformation and its long time dependent characteristic of high rockfill dams, a method of using composite grout to increase the compression modulus and reduce creep deformation of rockfill materials is proposed for high rockfill dams. The composite grout is a mixture of fly ash and cement with the characteristics of easy flow and post hardening. The composite grout was first sprinkled on the surface of rockfills, which later infiltrated into the rockfills during the process of rolling compaction. Flow tests on glass balls were conducted to study the effects of mixture ratios and contents of composite grout on its flow characteristics.Confined compression tests and creep tests were finally carried out to investigate the compression modulus and creep deformation of rockfills with composite grout. The results show that the flow property of composite grout is related to the fly ash content,water-to-binder ratio, maximum sand size and mixed content. The filling of composite grout can effectively increase the compression modulus and decrease creep deformation of rockfills, especially for soft rock materials and poorly-graded rockfills. The composite grout mainly plays the role of filling, cementation and lubrication in rockfills.
Due to the large deformation and its long time dependent characteristic of high rockfill dams, a method of using composite grout to increase the compression modulus and reduce creep deformation of rockfill materials is proposed for high rockfill dams. The composite grout is a mixture of fly ash and cement with the characteristics of easy flow and post hardening. The composite grout was first sprinkled on the surface of rockfills, which later infiltrated into the rockfills during the process of rolling compaction. Flow tests on glass balls were conducted to study the effects of mixture ratios and contents of composite grout on its flow characteristics.Confined compression tests and creep tests were finally carried out to investigate the compression modulus and creep deformation of rockfills with composite grout. The results show that the flow property of composite grout is related to the fly ash content,water-to-binder ratio, maximum sand size and mixed content. The filling of composite grout can effectively increase the compression modulus and decrease creep deformation of rockfills, especially for soft rock materials and poorly-graded rockfills. The composite grout mainly plays the role of filling, cementation and lubrication in rockfills.
引文
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[18]陈书萍,谢友均,李会艳,等.高掺量粉煤灰对砂浆强度的影响[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2006(6):34-35.CHEN Shu-ping,XIE You-jun,LI Hui-yan,et al.Effect of high content fly ash on strength of mortar[J].Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization,2006(6):34-35.
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[2]郦能惠,杨泽艳.中国混凝土面板堆石坝的技术进步[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(8):1361-1368.LI Neng-hui,YANG Ze-yan.Technical advances in concrete face rockfill dams in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(8):1361-1368.
[3]钮新强.高面板堆石坝安全与思考[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(1):104-111.NIU Xin-qiang.Security of high concrete face rockfill dam consideration and conclusion[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(1):104-111.
[4]郦能惠.高混凝土面板堆石坝设计理念探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1143-1150.LI Neng-hui.New concept of design for high concrete face rockfill dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1143-1150.
[5]马洪琪.300 m级面板堆石坝适应性及对策研究[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(12):4-8.MA Hong-qi.300 m grade concrete faced rockfill dam adaptability and countermeasures[J].Engineering Science,2011,13(12):4-8.
[6]杨启贵,常晓林,周创兵,等.水布垭超高面板堆石坝变形控制方法研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊2):247-253.YANG Qi-gui,CHANG Xiao-lin,ZHOU Chuang-bing,et al.Study of dam deformation control method for Shuibuya high concrete faced rockfill dam[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Suppl.2):247-253.
[7]杨泽艳,蒋国澄.洪家渡200 m级高面板堆石坝变形控制技术[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(8):1241-1247.YANG Ze-yan,JIANG Guo-cheng.Deformation control techniques for 200 m high Hongjiadu concrete face rockfill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(8):1241-1247.
[8]徐泽平.超高混凝土面板堆石坝建设中的关键技术问题[J].水力发电,2010,36(1):51-53.XU Ze-ping.Key technical problems on the construction of Super-high CFRD[J].Water Power,2010,36(1):51-53.
[9]金峰,安雪晖,石建军,等.堆石混凝土及堆石混凝土大坝[J].水利学报,2005,36(11):1347-1352.JIN Feng,AN Xue-hui,SHI Jian-jun,et al.Study on rock-fill concrete dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(11):1347-1352.
[10]刘平,刘汉龙,肖杨,等.高聚物胶凝堆石料静力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(3):749-754.LIU Ping,LIU Han-long,XIAO Yang,et al.Experimental research on mechanical properties of PFA-reinforced rockfill materials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(3):749-754.
[11]蔡新,武颖利,李洪煊,等.胶凝堆石料本构特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,28(9):1340-1344.CAI Xin,WU Ying-li,LI Hong-xuan,et al.Constitutive equation for CSG materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,28(9):1340-1344.
[12]HOU P K,KAWASHIMA S,WANG K J,et al.Effects of colloidal nanosilica on rheological and mechanical properties of fly ash-cement mortar[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2013,35(1):12-22.
[13]管文,谈慕华,俞海勇,等.粉煤灰-水泥浆体的流变性能[J].建筑材料学报,2001,4(4):339-345.GUAN Wen,TAN Mu-hua,YU Hai-yong,et al.Rheological properties of cement pastes with fly ash[J].Journal of Building Materials,2001,4(4):339-345.
[14]ROUSSEL N,NGUYEN T L H,YAZOGHLI O,et al.Passing ability of fresh concrete:a probabilistic approach[J].Cement&Concrete Research,2009,39(3):227-232.
[15]张兵,高玉峰,刘伟,等.坝体填筑料压缩特性及影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):741-745.ZHANG Bing,GAO Yu-feng,LIU Wei,et al.Research on compressibility of rockfill materials for dams and analysis of influencing factors[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):741-745.
[16]李会艳,谢友均,龙广成,等.大掺量粉煤灰对砂浆强度的影响[J].混凝土,2006(6):36-37.LI Hui-yan,XIE You-jun,LONG Guang-cheng,et al.Effect of high fly ash on strength of mortar[J].Concrete,2006(6):36-37.
[17]徐云.粉煤灰砂浆早期抗压强度试验研究[J].湖南理工学院学报(自然科学版),2013(3):65-69.XU Yun.Experiment study on early compressive strength of fly ash mortar[J].Journal of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences),2013(3):65-69.
[18]陈书萍,谢友均,李会艳,等.高掺量粉煤灰对砂浆强度的影响[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2006(6):34-35.CHEN Shu-ping,XIE You-jun,LI Hui-yan,et al.Effect of high content fly ash on strength of mortar[J].Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization,2006(6):34-35.
[19]程展林,丁红顺.堆石料蠕变特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):473-476.CHENG Zhan-lin,DING Hong-shun.Creep test for rockfill[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):473-476.
[20]MARSAL R J.Large scale testing of rockfill materials[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1967,93(2):27-43.