西藏铁格隆南斑岩-高硫型浅成低温热液矿床主要矿石矿物特征
|
摘要
铁格隆南矿床位于班公湖—怒江成矿带西段多龙矿集区,是青藏高原发现的首例具有典型高硫型浅成低温热液矿化特征的超大型Cu(Au、Ag)矿床。本文通过大量的钻孔岩矿心地质编录,结合矿相学及电子探针分析,查明铁格隆南矿床的矿石矿物以原生硫化物为主,主要是斑铜矿、黄铜矿等Cu-Fe-S体系矿物、硫砷铜矿、砷黝铜矿等Cu-As-S体系矿物和以铜蓝和蓝辉铜矿为代表的Cu-S二元体系矿物,以及少量辉钼矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿,微量硫锡砷铜矿等。从矿石矿物组合特征可看出,铁格隆南矿床是高硫型矿化叠加于斑岩型矿化之上复合成矿的典型实例,矿床深部具有进一步扩大斑岩铜矿规模的巨大潜力,是下一步获取更多资源量的重点勘查方向。
Tieglonan deposit,located in Duolong ore-bearing area of the western Bangonghu-Nujiang metallogenic belt,is the first urltra-large Cu( Au) deposit with characteristics of typical high-sulfidation epithermal mineralition in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper,combined with a large number of boreholes core geological records,mineralogy and electron probe analysis indicate that the ore minerals of Tiegelongnan deposit are mainly primary sulfide,including Cu-Fe-S system minerals( such as bornite and chalcopyrite),Cu-As-S system minerals( respectively enargite-luzonite and tennatite) and Cu-S system minerals( to covellite and digenite as the respresentative),with a small amount of colusite,molybdenite,galena,sphalerite and so on. According to characteristics of the mineral assemblages,it can be seen that Tiegelongnan deposit is a typical example of telescoped porphyry-high sulfidation epithermal deposit. In the deeper part it still has the potential to prospect large porphyry copper deposit,which is the key exploration direction for obtaining more resources in the next step.
Tieglonan deposit,located in Duolong ore-bearing area of the western Bangonghu-Nujiang metallogenic belt,is the first urltra-large Cu( Au) deposit with characteristics of typical high-sulfidation epithermal mineralition in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper,combined with a large number of boreholes core geological records,mineralogy and electron probe analysis indicate that the ore minerals of Tiegelongnan deposit are mainly primary sulfide,including Cu-Fe-S system minerals( such as bornite and chalcopyrite),Cu-As-S system minerals( respectively enargite-luzonite and tennatite) and Cu-S system minerals( to covellite and digenite as the respresentative),with a small amount of colusite,molybdenite,galena,sphalerite and so on. According to characteristics of the mineral assemblages,it can be seen that Tiegelongnan deposit is a typical example of telescoped porphyry-high sulfidation epithermal deposit. In the deeper part it still has the potential to prospect large porphyry copper deposit,which is the key exploration direction for obtaining more resources in the next step.
引文
[1]Seedorff E,Dilles J H,Proffett Jr J M,et al.Porphyry deposits:characteristics and origin of hypogene features[A].Economic Geology,100th Anniversary[M].Littleton,Colorado:Economic Geology Publishing Company,2015:251-298.
[2]Simmons S F,White N C,John D A.Geological characteristicsof epithermal precious and base metal deposits[A].Economic Geology,100th Anniversary[M].Littleton,Colorado:Economic Geology Publishing Company,2005:485-523.
[3]Sillitoe R H.Porphyry copper systems[J].Economic Geology,2010,105(1):3-41.
[4]Hedenquist J W,Arribas A,Reynolds T J.Evolution of an intrusion-centered hydrothermal system:far southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits,Philippines[J].Economic Geology,1998,93(4):373-404.
[5]Arribas Jr A,Cunningham C G,Rytuba J J,et al.Geology,geochronology,fluid inclusions,and isotope geochemistry of the Rodalquilar gold alunite deposit,Spain[J].Economic Geology,1995,90(4):795-822.
[6]PerellóJ,Cox D,Garamjav D,et al.Oyu Tolgoi,Mongolia:siluro-devonian porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo)and high-sulfidation Cu mineralization with a cretaceous chalcocite blanket[J].Economic Geology,2001,96(6):1407-1428.
[7]Khashgerel B E,Rye R O,Hedenquist J W,et al.Geology and reconnaissance stable isotope study of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system,South Gobi,Mongolia[J].Economic Geology,2006,101(3):503-522.
[8]Muntean J L,Einaudi M T.Porphyry-epithermal transition:Maricunga Belt,northern Chile[J].Economic Geology,2001,96(4):743-772.
[9]Cooke D R,Deyell C L,Waters P J,et al.Evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and ore-forming processes in epithermal and porphyry deposits of the Baguio district,Philippines[J].Economic Geology,2011,106(8):1399-1424.
[10]Franchini M,Impiccini A,Lentz D,et al.Porphyry to epithermal transition in the Agua Rica polymetallic deposit,Catamarca,Argentina:an integrated petrologic analysis of ore and alteration parageneses[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2011,41(1):49-74.
[11]张德会,丰成友,李大新,等.紫金山地区斑岩-浅成热液成矿系统的成矿流体演化[J].地球学报,2005,26(2):127-136.
[12]黄仁生.福建紫金山矿田火成岩系列与浅成低温热液-斑岩铜金银成矿系统[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(1):74-86.
[13]刘文元.福建紫金山斑岩——浅成热液成矿系统的精细矿物学研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院(博士论文),2015.
[14]唐菊兴,孙兴国,丁帅,等.西藏多龙矿集区发现浅成低温热液型铜(金银)矿床[J].地球学报,2014,35(1):1-10.
[15]唐菊兴,王勤,杨超,等.青藏高原两个斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床成矿亚系列及其“缺位找矿”之实践[J].矿床地质,2014,33(6):1151-1170.
[16]方向,唐菊兴,宋扬,等.西藏铁格隆南超大型浅成低温热液铜(金、银)矿床的形成时代及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2015,36(2):168-176.
[17]杨超,唐菊兴,王艺云,等.西藏铁格隆南浅成低温热液型-斑岩型Cu-Au矿床流体及地质特征研究[J].矿床地质,2014,33(6):1287-1305.
[18]李光明,张夏楠,秦克章,等.羌塘南缘多龙矿集区荣那斑岩-高硫型浅成低温热液Cu-(Au)套合成矿:综合地质、热液蚀变及金属矿物组合证据[J].岩石学报,2015,31(8):2307-2324.
[19]王勤,唐菊兴,方向,等.西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南铜(金银)矿床荣那矿段安山岩成岩背景:来自锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学的证据[J].中国地质,2015,42(5):1324-1336.
[20]杨欢欢,唐菊兴,张忠,等.西藏铁格隆南铜(金-银)矿床环带状黄铁矿及其地质意义[J].矿物学报,2015,36(1):70-79.
[21]杨超.西藏铁格隆南浅成低温热液-斑岩型Cu(Au)矿床矿石、蚀变、流体特征研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院(硕士论文),2015.
[22]Spry P G,Merlino S,Wang S,et al.New occurrences and refined crystal chemistry of colusite,with comparisons to arsenosulvanite[J].American Mineralogist,1994,79(7-8):750-762.
[23]Wagner T,Monecke T.Germanium-bearing colusite from the Waterloo volcanic-rock-hosted massive sulfide deposit,Australia:crystal chemistry and formation of colusite-group minerals[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,2005,43(2):655-669.
[24]Strashimirov S,Petrunov R,Kanazirski M.Porphyry-copper mineralisation in the central Srednogorie zone,Bulgaria[J].Mineralium Deposita,2002,37(6-7):587-598.
[25]Spiridonov E M,Badalov A S,Kovachev V V.Stibiocolusite Cu26V2(Sb,Sn,As)6S32:a new mineral[J].Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,1994,324(2):145-149.(in Russian)
[26]Einaudi M T,Hedenquist J W,Inan E E.Sulfidation state of fluids in active and extinct hydrothermal systems:transitions from porphyry to epithermal environments[J].Special Publication-Society of Economic Geologists,2003,10:285-314.
[2]Simmons S F,White N C,John D A.Geological characteristicsof epithermal precious and base metal deposits[A].Economic Geology,100th Anniversary[M].Littleton,Colorado:Economic Geology Publishing Company,2005:485-523.
[3]Sillitoe R H.Porphyry copper systems[J].Economic Geology,2010,105(1):3-41.
[4]Hedenquist J W,Arribas A,Reynolds T J.Evolution of an intrusion-centered hydrothermal system:far southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits,Philippines[J].Economic Geology,1998,93(4):373-404.
[5]Arribas Jr A,Cunningham C G,Rytuba J J,et al.Geology,geochronology,fluid inclusions,and isotope geochemistry of the Rodalquilar gold alunite deposit,Spain[J].Economic Geology,1995,90(4):795-822.
[6]PerellóJ,Cox D,Garamjav D,et al.Oyu Tolgoi,Mongolia:siluro-devonian porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo)and high-sulfidation Cu mineralization with a cretaceous chalcocite blanket[J].Economic Geology,2001,96(6):1407-1428.
[7]Khashgerel B E,Rye R O,Hedenquist J W,et al.Geology and reconnaissance stable isotope study of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system,South Gobi,Mongolia[J].Economic Geology,2006,101(3):503-522.
[8]Muntean J L,Einaudi M T.Porphyry-epithermal transition:Maricunga Belt,northern Chile[J].Economic Geology,2001,96(4):743-772.
[9]Cooke D R,Deyell C L,Waters P J,et al.Evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and ore-forming processes in epithermal and porphyry deposits of the Baguio district,Philippines[J].Economic Geology,2011,106(8):1399-1424.
[10]Franchini M,Impiccini A,Lentz D,et al.Porphyry to epithermal transition in the Agua Rica polymetallic deposit,Catamarca,Argentina:an integrated petrologic analysis of ore and alteration parageneses[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2011,41(1):49-74.
[11]张德会,丰成友,李大新,等.紫金山地区斑岩-浅成热液成矿系统的成矿流体演化[J].地球学报,2005,26(2):127-136.
[12]黄仁生.福建紫金山矿田火成岩系列与浅成低温热液-斑岩铜金银成矿系统[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(1):74-86.
[13]刘文元.福建紫金山斑岩——浅成热液成矿系统的精细矿物学研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院(博士论文),2015.
[14]唐菊兴,孙兴国,丁帅,等.西藏多龙矿集区发现浅成低温热液型铜(金银)矿床[J].地球学报,2014,35(1):1-10.
[15]唐菊兴,王勤,杨超,等.青藏高原两个斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床成矿亚系列及其“缺位找矿”之实践[J].矿床地质,2014,33(6):1151-1170.
[16]方向,唐菊兴,宋扬,等.西藏铁格隆南超大型浅成低温热液铜(金、银)矿床的形成时代及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2015,36(2):168-176.
[17]杨超,唐菊兴,王艺云,等.西藏铁格隆南浅成低温热液型-斑岩型Cu-Au矿床流体及地质特征研究[J].矿床地质,2014,33(6):1287-1305.
[18]李光明,张夏楠,秦克章,等.羌塘南缘多龙矿集区荣那斑岩-高硫型浅成低温热液Cu-(Au)套合成矿:综合地质、热液蚀变及金属矿物组合证据[J].岩石学报,2015,31(8):2307-2324.
[19]王勤,唐菊兴,方向,等.西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南铜(金银)矿床荣那矿段安山岩成岩背景:来自锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学的证据[J].中国地质,2015,42(5):1324-1336.
[20]杨欢欢,唐菊兴,张忠,等.西藏铁格隆南铜(金-银)矿床环带状黄铁矿及其地质意义[J].矿物学报,2015,36(1):70-79.
[21]杨超.西藏铁格隆南浅成低温热液-斑岩型Cu(Au)矿床矿石、蚀变、流体特征研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院(硕士论文),2015.
[22]Spry P G,Merlino S,Wang S,et al.New occurrences and refined crystal chemistry of colusite,with comparisons to arsenosulvanite[J].American Mineralogist,1994,79(7-8):750-762.
[23]Wagner T,Monecke T.Germanium-bearing colusite from the Waterloo volcanic-rock-hosted massive sulfide deposit,Australia:crystal chemistry and formation of colusite-group minerals[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,2005,43(2):655-669.
[24]Strashimirov S,Petrunov R,Kanazirski M.Porphyry-copper mineralisation in the central Srednogorie zone,Bulgaria[J].Mineralium Deposita,2002,37(6-7):587-598.
[25]Spiridonov E M,Badalov A S,Kovachev V V.Stibiocolusite Cu26V2(Sb,Sn,As)6S32:a new mineral[J].Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,1994,324(2):145-149.(in Russian)
[26]Einaudi M T,Hedenquist J W,Inan E E.Sulfidation state of fluids in active and extinct hydrothermal systems:transitions from porphyry to epithermal environments[J].Special Publication-Society of Economic Geologists,2003,10:285-314.