赛艇测功仪不同持续时间全力运动的能量供应特征研究
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摘要
目的:当今世界赛艇训练更加注重高强度训练的质量,而高强度训练质量的保证取决于首先对高强度训练能量供应特征的认识。旨在探究赛艇测功仪不同持续时间全力运动的能量供应特征。方法:11名(女5人,男6人)某省队赛艇运动员自愿参加了5次不同持续时间(45s、90s、3.5min、5min和6.5min)的赛艇测功仪全力测试。运用便携式气体代谢仪对受试者运动过程中的呼吸气体进行测量,并采集运动前后的耳血进行分析。运用基于运动后氧债快速部分、运动中累积血乳酸和摄氧量的方法进行能量供应的计算。结果:5种不同持续时间全力运动的磷酸原、糖酵解和有氧供能量分别为约30~50k J、约32~58k J和约26~433k J,有氧供能比例分别为28.6%±11.4%、47.0%±10.7%、71.6%±5.5%、81.0%±4.2%和83.2%±3.1%。结论:赛艇测功仪不同持续时间全力运动的能量供应特征不一样,更长的持续时间增加了对总能量的需求,且这个需求主要靠有氧供能系统来满足。
Objective The current world rowing training highlights the quality of high intensity training. However,this highlight depends firstly on the knowledge of energy contributions in this kind of training. The aim of this study was to investigate the energy contributions of ergometric rowing time trial with different durations. Methods 11(5 females,6 males)trained provincial rowers volunteered to preform 5 time trials on rowing ergometer with different durations(45 s,90 s,3.5 min,5 min,and 6.5 min). Portable spirometric system was utilized to measure the ventilatory information during the test. Earlobe blood was taken and analyzed prior to and post the test.The energy contribution was calculated with the method based on fast component of oxygen debt,accumulated blood lactate and oxygen uptake during test. Results The energy contribution from anaerobic alactic,anaerobic lactic,and aerobic system in the five time trails were 约 30~50k J,约 32~58k J,and 约 26~433k J. The relative aerobic energy contributions were 28.6%±11.4%,47.0% ± 10.7%,71.6% ± 5.5%,81.0% ± 4.2%,and 83.2% ± 3.1%,correspondingly. Conclusion The profile of energy contributions in different ergometric rowing time trials varies,with higher demand of energy supply in longer time trials,which is predominantly met by aerobic energy system.
Objective The current world rowing training highlights the quality of high intensity training. However,this highlight depends firstly on the knowledge of energy contributions in this kind of training. The aim of this study was to investigate the energy contributions of ergometric rowing time trial with different durations. Methods 11(5 females,6 males)trained provincial rowers volunteered to preform 5 time trials on rowing ergometer with different durations(45 s,90 s,3.5 min,5 min,and 6.5 min). Portable spirometric system was utilized to measure the ventilatory information during the test. Earlobe blood was taken and analyzed prior to and post the test.The energy contribution was calculated with the method based on fast component of oxygen debt,accumulated blood lactate and oxygen uptake during test. Results The energy contribution from anaerobic alactic,anaerobic lactic,and aerobic system in the five time trails were 约 30~50k J,约 32~58k J,and 约 26~433k J. The relative aerobic energy contributions were 28.6%±11.4%,47.0% ± 10.7%,71.6% ± 5.5%,81.0% ± 4.2%,and 83.2% ± 3.1%,correspondingly. Conclusion The profile of energy contributions in different ergometric rowing time trials varies,with higher demand of energy supply in longer time trials,which is predominantly met by aerobic energy system.
引文
[1]黎涌明.世界赛艇科学的德国流[J].体育科学,2013,33(6):77-84.
[2]黎涌明.4min跑步和自行车全力运动中运动方式对有氧供能比例的影响[J].体育科学,2016,36(9):48-53.
[3]黎涌明,毛承.竞技体育项目的专项供能比例—亟待纠正的错误[J].体育科学,2014,34(10):93-96.
[4]资薇.女子赛艇2000m模拟比赛划过程中能量代谢和能效特点[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(9):130-135.
[5]TRAN J,RICE A J,MAIN L C,et al.Profiling the training practices and performances of elite rowers[J].Int J Sports Physiol Perform,2015,10(5):572-580.
[6]LI Y M,HARTMANN U.Similar relative energy contributions in 40s kayaking time trail in both genders[C].14th SCSEPF Annual Conference,Macau,2015.
[7]NUMMELA A,RUSKO H.Time course of anaerobic and aerobic energy expenditure during short-term exhaustive running in athletes[J].Int J Sports Med,1995,16(8):522-527.
[8]BENEKE R,POLLMANN C,BLEIF I,et al.How anaerobic is the wingate anaerobic test for humans?[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2002,87(4):388-392.
[9]BYRNES W C,KEARNEY J T.Aerobic and anaerobic contributions during simulated canoe/kayak sprint events 1256[J].Med Sci Sports Exe,1997,29(5):220.
[10]DE CAMPOS MELLO F,DE MORAES BERTUZZI R C,GRANGEIRO P M,et al.Energy systems contributions in 2,000 m race simulation:A comparison among rowing ergometers and water[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2009,107(5):615-619.
[11]DUFFIELD R,DAWSON B,GOODMAN C.Energy system contribution to 100-m and 200-m track running events[J].J Sci Med Sport,2004,7(3):302-313.
[12]DUFFIELD R,DAWSON B,GOODMAN C.Energy system contribution to 400-metre and 800-metre track running[J].J Sports Sci,2005,23(3):299-307.
[13]DUFFIELD R,DAWSON B,GOODMAN C.Energy system contribution to 1500-and 3000-metre track running[J].J Sports Sci,2005,23(10):993-1002.
[14]FRISKERSTRAND A,SEILER K S.Training and performance characteristics among norwegian international rowers1970–2001[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2003,14(5):303-310.
[15]GUELLICH A,SEILER K S,EMRICH E.Training methods and intensity distribution of young world-class rowers.[J].Int J Sports Physiol Perform,2009,4(4):448-460.
[16]HAGERMAN F C,CONNORS M C,GAULT J A,et al.Energy expenditure during simulated rowing[J].J Appl Physiol,1978,45(1):87-93.
[17]HARTMANN U.Querschnittuntersuchungen an Leistungsruderern im Flachland und Laengsschnittuntersuchungen an Elite-Ruderern in der Hoehe mittels eines zweistufigen Tests auf einem Gjessing-Ruderergometer[M].Koeln:Deutsche Sporthoch schule,1987.
[18]HARTMANN U,MADER A,PETERSMANN G,et al.Verhalten von Herzfrequenz und Laktat waehrend ruderspezifischer Trainingsmethoden-Untersuchungen bei A-und B-Kaderrudern und deren Interpretation fuer die Trainingssteuerung[J].Dtsch Z Sportmed,1989,40(6):200-212.
[19]LACOUR J R,MESSONNIER L,BOURDIN M.Physiological correlates of performance.Case study of a world-class rower[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2009,106(3):407-413.
[20]LI Y.Energetics in Canoe Sprint[M].University Leipzig,Doc tor,2015.
[21]LI Y,NIESSEN M,CHEN X,et al.Overestimate of relative aerobic contribution with maximal accumulated oxygen deficit:A review[J].J Sports Med Phys Fitn,2015,55(5):377-382.
[22]LI Y,ZI W,CAO C,et al.Training of a female world-elite rower in pre-Olympic year[J].Med Sci Sports Exe,2012,5(41):687-688.
[23]MADER A,HOLLMANN W.Zur Bedeutung der Stoffwechselleistungsfaehigkeit des Eliteruderers im Training und Wettkampf[M].Leistungsport(Beiheft).Berlin:Bartels&Wernitz KG,1977.
[24]MAESTU J,JURIMAE J,JURIMAE T.Monitoring of performance and training in rowing[J].Sports Med,2005,35(7):597-617.
[25]MIKULIC P.Maturation to elite status:A six-year physiological case study of a world champion rowing crew[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2011,111(9):2363-2368.
[26]NAKAGAKI K,YOSHIOKA T,NABEKURA Y.The relative contribution of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems during flatwater kayak paddling[J].Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med,2008,57(261-270.
[27]NILSEN T S,DAIGNEAULT T,SMITH M.Basic Rowing Physiology[M].FISA Development Commission,1990.
[28]NOLTE V.Rowing Faster:Training,Rigging,Technique,Racing[M].Champain:Human Kinetics,2005.
[29]SEILER K S,KJERLAND G O.Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes:Is there evidence for an"optimal"distribution?[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2006,16(1):49-56.
[30]SPENCER M R,GASTIN P B.Energy system contribution during 200-to 1500-m running in highly trained athletes[J].Med Sci Sports Exe,2001,33(1):157-162.
[31]STEGMANN J.Leistungsphysiologie:Physiologische Grundlagen der Arbeit und des Sports[M].Stuttgart:Georg Thieme Verlag,1991.
[32]STEINACKER J M.Physiological aspects of training in rowing[J].Int J Sports Med,1993,14(S1):3-10.
[2]黎涌明.4min跑步和自行车全力运动中运动方式对有氧供能比例的影响[J].体育科学,2016,36(9):48-53.
[3]黎涌明,毛承.竞技体育项目的专项供能比例—亟待纠正的错误[J].体育科学,2014,34(10):93-96.
[4]资薇.女子赛艇2000m模拟比赛划过程中能量代谢和能效特点[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(9):130-135.
[5]TRAN J,RICE A J,MAIN L C,et al.Profiling the training practices and performances of elite rowers[J].Int J Sports Physiol Perform,2015,10(5):572-580.
[6]LI Y M,HARTMANN U.Similar relative energy contributions in 40s kayaking time trail in both genders[C].14th SCSEPF Annual Conference,Macau,2015.
[7]NUMMELA A,RUSKO H.Time course of anaerobic and aerobic energy expenditure during short-term exhaustive running in athletes[J].Int J Sports Med,1995,16(8):522-527.
[8]BENEKE R,POLLMANN C,BLEIF I,et al.How anaerobic is the wingate anaerobic test for humans?[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2002,87(4):388-392.
[9]BYRNES W C,KEARNEY J T.Aerobic and anaerobic contributions during simulated canoe/kayak sprint events 1256[J].Med Sci Sports Exe,1997,29(5):220.
[10]DE CAMPOS MELLO F,DE MORAES BERTUZZI R C,GRANGEIRO P M,et al.Energy systems contributions in 2,000 m race simulation:A comparison among rowing ergometers and water[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2009,107(5):615-619.
[11]DUFFIELD R,DAWSON B,GOODMAN C.Energy system contribution to 100-m and 200-m track running events[J].J Sci Med Sport,2004,7(3):302-313.
[12]DUFFIELD R,DAWSON B,GOODMAN C.Energy system contribution to 400-metre and 800-metre track running[J].J Sports Sci,2005,23(3):299-307.
[13]DUFFIELD R,DAWSON B,GOODMAN C.Energy system contribution to 1500-and 3000-metre track running[J].J Sports Sci,2005,23(10):993-1002.
[14]FRISKERSTRAND A,SEILER K S.Training and performance characteristics among norwegian international rowers1970–2001[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2003,14(5):303-310.
[15]GUELLICH A,SEILER K S,EMRICH E.Training methods and intensity distribution of young world-class rowers.[J].Int J Sports Physiol Perform,2009,4(4):448-460.
[16]HAGERMAN F C,CONNORS M C,GAULT J A,et al.Energy expenditure during simulated rowing[J].J Appl Physiol,1978,45(1):87-93.
[17]HARTMANN U.Querschnittuntersuchungen an Leistungsruderern im Flachland und Laengsschnittuntersuchungen an Elite-Ruderern in der Hoehe mittels eines zweistufigen Tests auf einem Gjessing-Ruderergometer[M].Koeln:Deutsche Sporthoch schule,1987.
[18]HARTMANN U,MADER A,PETERSMANN G,et al.Verhalten von Herzfrequenz und Laktat waehrend ruderspezifischer Trainingsmethoden-Untersuchungen bei A-und B-Kaderrudern und deren Interpretation fuer die Trainingssteuerung[J].Dtsch Z Sportmed,1989,40(6):200-212.
[19]LACOUR J R,MESSONNIER L,BOURDIN M.Physiological correlates of performance.Case study of a world-class rower[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2009,106(3):407-413.
[20]LI Y.Energetics in Canoe Sprint[M].University Leipzig,Doc tor,2015.
[21]LI Y,NIESSEN M,CHEN X,et al.Overestimate of relative aerobic contribution with maximal accumulated oxygen deficit:A review[J].J Sports Med Phys Fitn,2015,55(5):377-382.
[22]LI Y,ZI W,CAO C,et al.Training of a female world-elite rower in pre-Olympic year[J].Med Sci Sports Exe,2012,5(41):687-688.
[23]MADER A,HOLLMANN W.Zur Bedeutung der Stoffwechselleistungsfaehigkeit des Eliteruderers im Training und Wettkampf[M].Leistungsport(Beiheft).Berlin:Bartels&Wernitz KG,1977.
[24]MAESTU J,JURIMAE J,JURIMAE T.Monitoring of performance and training in rowing[J].Sports Med,2005,35(7):597-617.
[25]MIKULIC P.Maturation to elite status:A six-year physiological case study of a world champion rowing crew[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2011,111(9):2363-2368.
[26]NAKAGAKI K,YOSHIOKA T,NABEKURA Y.The relative contribution of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems during flatwater kayak paddling[J].Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med,2008,57(261-270.
[27]NILSEN T S,DAIGNEAULT T,SMITH M.Basic Rowing Physiology[M].FISA Development Commission,1990.
[28]NOLTE V.Rowing Faster:Training,Rigging,Technique,Racing[M].Champain:Human Kinetics,2005.
[29]SEILER K S,KJERLAND G O.Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes:Is there evidence for an"optimal"distribution?[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2006,16(1):49-56.
[30]SPENCER M R,GASTIN P B.Energy system contribution during 200-to 1500-m running in highly trained athletes[J].Med Sci Sports Exe,2001,33(1):157-162.
[31]STEGMANN J.Leistungsphysiologie:Physiologische Grundlagen der Arbeit und des Sports[M].Stuttgart:Georg Thieme Verlag,1991.
[32]STEINACKER J M.Physiological aspects of training in rowing[J].Int J Sports Med,1993,14(S1):3-10.