森林防火监测站选址及可视域分析
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摘要
火灾是森林的宿敌,危害巨大。建立监测站不仅是一种有效的森林防火措施,还是我国主流的预防对策。文章基于GIS对某林区数字高程模型进行空间分析,通过分区查询统计理论提取其最高点,利用缓冲区技术去除不合理高程点,获取可视域范围较大的监测站点分布图;根据泰森多边形对监测站点监测区域进行可视域分析,获取其可视域分析指标值,同时剔除功能重复的站点,以得到其较为理想的分布。该方法只需单一的数字高程模型数据,选取站点过程考虑综合因素,可操作性强,为森林防火监测站的部署和分析提供了一种科学参考。
As the biggest enemy to forest,fire is very dangerous.The establishment of fire monitoring stations is not only an effective forest fire prevention measure,but also the dominant preventive measures in China.This paper provided the spatial analysis method with DEM of forest area,and extracted the highest point based on statistical partition query theory,removed the unreasonable elevation point based on buffer technique and obtained the distribution map of fire monitoring stations in a large range of visualization.Finally,the view-shed analysis on monitored area of the stations was made based on Thiessen Polygon theory,and some index values were obtained also.In order to get satisfactory distribution map,some points of duplicated function must be deleted.In this way,unique DEM data was used,involving integrated features.The result would provide a scientific reference for the location of fire monitoring station with its feasibility.
As the biggest enemy to forest,fire is very dangerous.The establishment of fire monitoring stations is not only an effective forest fire prevention measure,but also the dominant preventive measures in China.This paper provided the spatial analysis method with DEM of forest area,and extracted the highest point based on statistical partition query theory,removed the unreasonable elevation point based on buffer technique and obtained the distribution map of fire monitoring stations in a large range of visualization.Finally,the view-shed analysis on monitored area of the stations was made based on Thiessen Polygon theory,and some index values were obtained also.In order to get satisfactory distribution map,some points of duplicated function must be deleted.In this way,unique DEM data was used,involving integrated features.The result would provide a scientific reference for the location of fire monitoring station with its feasibility.
引文
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[11]缪婷婷,沈润平.基于背景信息的MODIS林火自动提取算法[J].测绘科学,2013,38(05):55-57.
[2]吴雪琼,覃先林,李程,等.我国林火监测体系现状分析[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2010(03):69-71.
[3]奥甫相尼科夫(苏),著.梁君瑞,译.森林防火设施[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1981:56-57.
[4]张海荣,主编.地理信息系统原理与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:176-177.
[5]陈敏,唐斌,舒珺,肖海.基于GIS的数字地形分析及其应用——以四川威远县越溪镇为例[J].四川环境,2010(05).
[6]郭衡,李德生.森林防火原理与方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001:105-106.
[7]肯尼迪(美).ArcGIS地理信息系统基础与实训[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011:185-189.
[8]宋小冬,钮心毅.地理信息系统实习教程ArcGIS 9.X[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:46-47.
[9]吴柏清,何政伟,刘严松.基于GIS的信息量法在九龙县地质灾害危险性评价中的应用[J].测绘科学,2008,33(04):169-171.
[10]王佳璆,张贵,肖化顺.ArcGIS可视域分析在瞭望台管理中的应用[J].湖南林业科技,2005.
[11]缪婷婷,沈润平.基于背景信息的MODIS林火自动提取算法[J].测绘科学,2013,38(05):55-57.