IVE模型中区间划分方法对排放因子估算的影响
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摘要
利用便携式排放测试系统(Portable Emission Measurement System,简称PEMS)和GPS系统(Global Position System,简称GPS)选取多辆天津市机动车进行了道路测试,并对其排放及行驶数据进行了研究,分析了在IVE(International Vehicle Emissions,简称IVE)模型中不同区间的划分方法下,机动车比功率(Vehicle Specific Power,简称VSP)与排放相关系数的差异.CO、CO_2、NO_x排放与VSP相关系数在Paps(Preaverage Power Stress,前平均比功率负载,简称Paps)方案下进行划分时的平均值从原有的引擎负载(Engine Stress,简称ES)方案下的0.1以下上升到0.4以上;但是HC排放与VSP相关系数在ES方案下的均值为0.0370,在Paps方案下却为-0.0766.分别计算污染物实测排放因子与IVE模型改进前和改进后的污染物排放因子的比值,发现采用Paps区间划分方法计算得出的排放因子数据比ES区间划分方法得出的数据显著接近于实测排放因子,显示Paps区间划分方法有助于改善机动车排放估算的准确度.
Many vehicles were tested on road by Portable Emission Measurement System and Global Position System in Tianjin,China. Emission data and GPS data were collected to analyze the differences of the correlation coefficient of VSP and emission whenbeing classified by different bins in IVE model. The correlation coefficients of CO, CO_2, NO_x and VSP increased from below 0.1 atthe scheme of Engine Stress(ES) to above 0.4 at the scheme of Preaverage Power Stress(Paps), but the correlation coefficients ofHC emission and VSP were from 0.0370 at ES to-0.0766 at Paps. The ratios of the measured emission factors of pollutants to thepollutant emission factors before and after the improvement of the IVE model were calculated separately. It was found that the dataobtained by the Paps bin-grouping method were closer to the measured emission factors than the data obtained by the ESbin-grouping methods. The results showed that the Paps bin-grouping method could be helpful to improve the accuracy of the vehicleemissions estimation.
Many vehicles were tested on road by Portable Emission Measurement System and Global Position System in Tianjin,China. Emission data and GPS data were collected to analyze the differences of the correlation coefficient of VSP and emission whenbeing classified by different bins in IVE model. The correlation coefficients of CO, CO_2, NO_x and VSP increased from below 0.1 atthe scheme of Engine Stress(ES) to above 0.4 at the scheme of Preaverage Power Stress(Paps), but the correlation coefficients ofHC emission and VSP were from 0.0370 at ES to-0.0766 at Paps. The ratios of the measured emission factors of pollutants to thepollutant emission factors before and after the improvement of the IVE model were calculated separately. It was found that the dataobtained by the Paps bin-grouping method were closer to the measured emission factors than the data obtained by the ESbin-grouping methods. The results showed that the Paps bin-grouping method could be helpful to improve the accuracy of the vehicleemissions estimation.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国机动车环境管理年报[EB/OL].(2017-06-05).http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201706/W020170605537942778925.pdf.Ministry of environmental protection of the People's Republic of China.China vehicle environmental management annual report[EB/OL].(2017-06-05).http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201706/W020170605537942778925.pdf.
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[18]郝艳召,宋国华,邱兆文,等.基于浮动车数据的机动车排放实时测算模型[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):396-402.Hao Y Z,Song G H,Qiu Z W,et al.Real-time calculation model for vehicle emissions based on floating car data[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):396-402.
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[21]International suburban sustainable research center(ISSRC).IVEModel Users Manual Version2.0[M].La Habra.2008.
[22]Zhai H,Frey H C,Rouphail N M.A vehicle-specific power approach to speed-and facility-specific emissions estimates for diesel transit buses.Environ.Sci.Technol,2008,42:7985-7991.
[23]胥耀方,于雷,宋国华,等.针对二氧化碳的轻型汽油车VSP区间划分[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(7):1358-1365.Xu Y F,Yu L,Song G H,et al.VSP-Bin division for light-duty vehicles oriented to carbon dioxide[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(7):1358-1365.
[24]莫增文.基于时间序列分析技术的预测模型设计与应用[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014.Mo Z W.Design and application of prediction model based ont time series analysis technique[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014.
[2]孙世达,姜巍,高卫东.青岛市机动车排放清单与空间分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):49-59.Sun S D,Jiang W,Gao W D.Vehicle emission inventory and spatial distribution in Qingdao[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):49-59.
[3]Gkatzoflias D,Kouridis C,Ntziachristos L,et al.COPERT 4,computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport methodology and emission factors[R].Copenhagen,Denmark:European Environment Agency,2007:5-20.
[4]周溪溪,宋国华,于雷.面向排放量化的低速区间机动车比功率分布特性与模型[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(2):336-344.Zhou X X,Song G H,Yu L.Distribution characteristics and model of low-speed vehicle specific power for emission quantification[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(2):336-344.
[5]Keller M.Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport(HBEFA)3.1[R].Quick reference.Technical report,INFRAS.2010.
[6]National Research Council.Modeling mobile-source emissions.[J].Washington D.C:National Academy PRESS.2000.
[7]Fujita E M,Campbell D E,Zielinska B,et al.Comparison of the MOVES2010a,MOBILE6.2,and EMFAC2007 mobile source emission models with on-road traffic tunnel and remote sensing measurements.[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2012,62(10):1134-1149.
[8]戴璞,陈长虹,黄成,等.不同行驶工况下轻型柴油车瞬时排放的CMEM模拟研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1520-1527.Dai P,Chen C H,Huang C,et al.Instantaneous emission simulation for light-duty diesel vehicle with different driving cycles by CMEMmodel[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(5):1520-1527.
[9]王焱.机动车排放控制应用模型初探[J].环境与可持续发展,2014,39(3):59-61.Wang Y.Motor vehicle emission control in the application model[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2014,39(3):59-61.
[10]Liu J,Ge Y,Wang X,et al.On-board measurement of particle numbers and their size distribution from a light-duty diesel vehicle:Influences of VSP and altitude[J].J.Environ.Sci.,2017,57(7):238-248.
[11]胥耀方,于雷,宋国华.基于遗传算法的运行模式分布模型及排放测算[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(12):3548-3559.Xu Y F,Yu L,Song G H.GA-based approach to modeling operating mode distributions and estimating emissions[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(12):3548-3559.
[12]Wang A S,Ge Y S,Tan J W,et al.On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(3):419-426.
[13]Simulator M V E.2009.MOVES 2010 User Guide[R].Report EPA-420-B-09-041.Office of Transportation and Air Quality,USEnvironmental Protection Agency.
[14]Jiménez-Palacios J.Understanding and quantifying motor vehicle emissions with vehicle specific power and tildas remote sensing[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1999.
[15]Wang H K,Chen C H,Huang C,et al.On-road vehicle emission inventory and its uncertainty analysis for Shanghai,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,398:60-67.
[16]Guo H,Zhang Q Y,Shi Y,et al.Evaluation of the International Vehicle Emission(IVE)model with on-road remote sensing measurements[J].Journal of environmental sciences,2007,19(7):818-826.
[17]郝艳召,王宏图,宋国华,等.中观机动车尾气模型在中国的适用性[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(1):112-119.Hao Y Z,Wang H T,Song G H,et al.Suitability of meso-level vehicle emission model in China[J].Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition),2016,36(1):112-119.
[18]郝艳召,宋国华,邱兆文,等.基于浮动车数据的机动车排放实时测算模型[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):396-402.Hao Y Z,Song G H,Qiu Z W,et al.Real-time calculation model for vehicle emissions based on floating car data[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):396-402.
[19]Frey H C,Unal A,Chen J,et al.Methodology for developing modal emission rates for EPA’s multi-scale motor vehicle and equipment emission estimation system[R].Prepared by North Carolina State University for the Office of Transportation and Air Quality,U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Ann Arbor,(EPA420-R-02-027).2002.
[20]Choi H,Frey H C.Light duty gasoline vehicle emission factors at high transient and constant speeds for short road segments[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2009,14(8):610-614.
[21]International suburban sustainable research center(ISSRC).IVEModel Users Manual Version2.0[M].La Habra.2008.
[22]Zhai H,Frey H C,Rouphail N M.A vehicle-specific power approach to speed-and facility-specific emissions estimates for diesel transit buses.Environ.Sci.Technol,2008,42:7985-7991.
[23]胥耀方,于雷,宋国华,等.针对二氧化碳的轻型汽油车VSP区间划分[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(7):1358-1365.Xu Y F,Yu L,Song G H,et al.VSP-Bin division for light-duty vehicles oriented to carbon dioxide[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(7):1358-1365.
[24]莫增文.基于时间序列分析技术的预测模型设计与应用[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014.Mo Z W.Design and application of prediction model based ont time series analysis technique[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014.