生命技术哲学:一种新的技术哲学研究范式
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摘要
生命哲学是一种在哲学史上起着重要作用的哲学流派。生命哲学最核心的概念是生命,而生命是以身体为载体,身体又同技术的发明和使用密切相关。因而,从柏格森、舍勒、斯宾格勒等开始,很多生命哲学家都对技术进行过研究,关于技术也提出过很多独到精辟的见解。但在技术哲学领域,生命哲学家关于技术的思想没有受到足够的重视。对不同生命哲学家的技术思想进行梳理,可以尝试构建一种新的技术哲学研究范式——生命技术哲学。这一研究范式可以从本体论、认识论、类型论和目的论等四个方面展开其丰富内涵,它相较于其他技术哲学研究范式具有自己独特的学术价值,拓宽了技术哲学的研究领域。同时构建这一范式也存在需要克服的困难和不足,但它有可能也有办法一步一步地走向成熟,从而成为技术哲学发展过程中不可或缺的一种哲学流派。
Life philosophy is a school of philosophy that has been playing an important role in the history of philosophy. The core concept of life philosophy is Life,and Life in turn is based on the body,which is closely related to the invention and application of technology. Therefore,starting from Bergson,Scheler,all the way to Spengler,many life philosophers have treated technology as a significant part of life philosophy. They have also put forward a lot of unique insights about technology. However,in the field of technology philosophy,thoughts about technology from life philosophers have attracted little attention. By combing the technical thoughts of different life philosophers,this paper then proposes that we can try to construct a systematic study paradigm of life technology philosophy. This research paradigm can carry out its rich connotation from four aspects:ontology,epistemology,type theory and teleology. Compared with other research paradigm in technology philosophy,this one has its own unique academic value,and it also broadens the research field of technology philosophy. Meanwhile,there are some difficulties and shortcomings to be overcome in the construction of this paradigm,but it may also mature gradually,thus become an indispensable philosophical branch in the process of the development of technology philosophy.
Life philosophy is a school of philosophy that has been playing an important role in the history of philosophy. The core concept of life philosophy is Life,and Life in turn is based on the body,which is closely related to the invention and application of technology. Therefore,starting from Bergson,Scheler,all the way to Spengler,many life philosophers have treated technology as a significant part of life philosophy. They have also put forward a lot of unique insights about technology. However,in the field of technology philosophy,thoughts about technology from life philosophers have attracted little attention. By combing the technical thoughts of different life philosophers,this paper then proposes that we can try to construct a systematic study paradigm of life technology philosophy. This research paradigm can carry out its rich connotation from four aspects:ontology,epistemology,type theory and teleology. Compared with other research paradigm in technology philosophy,this one has its own unique academic value,and it also broadens the research field of technology philosophy. Meanwhile,there are some difficulties and shortcomings to be overcome in the construction of this paradigm,but it may also mature gradually,thus become an indispensable philosophical branch in the process of the development of technology philosophy.
引文
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[2] Bergson H.L.Creative Evolution[M].Translation by Arthur Mitchell.Westport Connecticut:Greenwood Press,1911.
[3]马克斯·舍勒.伦理学中的形式主义与质料的价值伦理学[M].倪梁康,译.北京:商务印书馆,2011.
[4]奥斯瓦尔德·斯宾格勒,舒红跃.作为生命策略的技术[M]//邓晓芒,戴茂堂,舒红跃.德国哲学(2016年下半年卷).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016.
[5]马丁·海德格尔.存在与时间(修订译本)[M].陈嘉应,王庆节,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1999.
[6]阿诺德·盖伦.技术时代的人类心灵——工业社会的社会心理问题[M].何兆武,何冰,译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2003.
[7]贝尔纳·斯蒂格勒.技术与时间:爱比米修斯的过失[M].裴程,译.南京:译林出版社,2000.
[8]乔治·巴萨拉.技术发展简史[M].周光发,译.上海:复旦大学出版社,2000.
[9]布莱恩·阿瑟.技术的本质:技术是什么,它是如何进化的[M].曹东冥,王健,译.杭州:浙江人民出版社,2014.
[10]凯文·凯利.科技想要什么[M].熊祥,译.北京:中信出版社,2011.
[11] F.拉普.技术哲学导论[M].刘武,康荣平,吴明泰,译.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1986.
[12]让-伊夫·戈菲.技术哲学[M].董茂永,译.北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[13] Heidegger M.The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphyisics:World,Finitude,Solitude[M].Translation by William McNeil and Nicolas Walker.Bloomington and Indianapolis:Indiana University Press,1995.
[14]马克思.1844年经济学哲学手稿[M].北京:人民出版社,1985.
[15]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第三十一卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1998.