角反射器形状效应对卫星激光测距系统测距精度的影响
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摘要
基于卫星激光测距(SLR)系统的测距原理,对从角反射器反射的回波光子分布进行数值仿真,分析并讨论了卫星角反射器形状效应与SLR系统测距精度的关系。另外,为验证卫星角反射器形状效应的适用性,利用中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站SLR系统对不同轨道高度的卫星进行了实测。结果表明,卫星角反射器形状效应使从卫星反射的回波光子分布发生明显改变,激光脉冲被展宽。对于Starlette卫星,激光脉冲脉宽由50ps展宽至72ps,由卫星角反射器形状效应引起的测距误差约为5.4 mm。对于高轨Etalon-1卫星、中轨LAGEOS-1卫星和低轨LARES卫星,由卫星角反射器形状效应引起的测距误差分别约为15.4,7.4,5.0mm。因此,要使SLR系统测量精度向毫米级发展,应当考虑卫星角反射器形状效应对测距精度的影响,这也为SLR系统的性能评估与结构设计提供了新的思路与途径。
Based on the ranging principle of satellite laser ranging(SLR)system,the distribution of echo photon reflected back from the angle reflector is simulated numerically,and the relationship between the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector and the ranging precision of SLR system is analyzed and discussed.In addition,in order to verify the applicability of the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector,the satellites at different orbits are observed by the SLR system in Changchun Observatory,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The results show that the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector has significantly changed the distribution of the echo photons reflected from the satellites,and the laser pulse width is broadened.For Starlette,the laser pulse width is extended from 50 ps to 72 ps,and the ranging error caused by the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector is about 5.4 mm.For the high-orbit Etalon-1 satellite,the middle-orbit Lageos-1 satellite and the low-orbit LARES satellite,the ranging errors are about 15.4,7.4,5.0 mm,respectively.Therefore,for the development of the measurement accuracy of SLR system to the mm level,the influence of the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector on the ranging precision should be considered,which also provides new ideas and approaches for the evaluation performance and structure design of SLR system.
Based on the ranging principle of satellite laser ranging(SLR)system,the distribution of echo photon reflected back from the angle reflector is simulated numerically,and the relationship between the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector and the ranging precision of SLR system is analyzed and discussed.In addition,in order to verify the applicability of the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector,the satellites at different orbits are observed by the SLR system in Changchun Observatory,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The results show that the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector has significantly changed the distribution of the echo photons reflected from the satellites,and the laser pulse width is broadened.For Starlette,the laser pulse width is extended from 50 ps to 72 ps,and the ranging error caused by the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector is about 5.4 mm.For the high-orbit Etalon-1 satellite,the middle-orbit Lageos-1 satellite and the low-orbit LARES satellite,the ranging errors are about 15.4,7.4,5.0 mm,respectively.Therefore,for the development of the measurement accuracy of SLR system to the mm level,the influence of the shape effect of the satellite angle reflector on the ranging precision should be considered,which also provides new ideas and approaches for the evaluation performance and structure design of SLR system.
引文
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[2]Fan J X,Yang F M,Chen Q X.Satellite laser ranging of laser pulse waveform changes in the theoretical analysis and numerical calculation[J].Science in China:Series A,2001,31(1):63-69.范建兴,杨福民,陈启秀.卫星激光测距中激光脉冲波形变化的理论分析及数值计算[J].中国科学:A辑,2001,31(1):63-69.
[3]Degnan J J.Photon-counting multikilohertz microlaser altimeters for airborne and spaceborne topographic measurements[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,34(3/4):503-549.
[4]Fouche D G.Detection and false-alarm probabilities for laser radars that use Geiger-mode detectors[J].Applied Optics,2003,42(27):5388-5398.
[5]Zhao S Q,Zhang C.Simulation on atmospheric transmission characteristic of laser and its impact on laser ranging[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2013,50(11):110101.赵少卿,张雏.激光大气传输特性仿真及对激光测距的影响[J].激光与光电子学进展,2013,50(11):110101.
[6]Jiao Z K,Yue Y J,Liu B.Theoretical calculations of cube corner retro-reflector[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2015,35(s1):s123001.焦仲科,岳永坚,刘博.角反射器的理论计算[J].光学学报,2015,35(s1):s123001.
[7]Otsubo T.Improving the analysis precision of satellite laser ranging data from centimeter to millimeter range[J].Journal of the Geodetic Society of Japan,2005,51(1):1-16.
[8]Yuan H W,Mei H P,Huang Y B,et al.Time delay of atmospheric aerosol particles and its effect on the path difference of laser[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(7):1945-1949.袁宏武,梅海平,黄印博,等.大气气溶胶粒子的时延效应及其对激光程差的影响分析[J].光学学报,2010,30(7):1945-1949.
[9]Tang M R,Li Z L,Li Y Q,et al.Influence of atmospheric turbulence intermittency on return photon number in laser ranging[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(2):0201001.唐美荣,李祝莲,李语强,等.大气湍流间歇性对激光测距回波光子数的影响[J].光学学报,2017,37(2):0201001.
[10]Seeber G.Satellite geodesy[M].Berlin:Walter de Gruyter,2003:424-436.
[11]Zhai D S.Study on key technology of diffuse laser ranging[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Sciences(Yunnan Observatories),2016.翟东升.漫反射激光测距关键技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(云南天文台),2016.
[12]Henriksson M.Detection probabilities for photoncounting avalanche photodiodes applied to a laser radar system[J].Applied Optics,2005,44(24):5140-5147.
[13]Degnan J J.Millimeter accuracy satellite laser ranging:a review[J].Geodynamics Series,1993,25:133-162.
[14]Fan J X,Yang F M,Chen Q X.Center-of-mass model of satellites used for laser ranging[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2000,29(11):1012-1016.范建兴,杨福民,陈启秀.激光测距卫星的质心改正模型[J].光子学报,2000,29(11):1012-1016.
[15]Zhang Z A.Research on detecting system of kHz SLR in daytime[D].Changchun:Changchun University of Science and Technology,2012.张子昂.白天kHz卫星激光测距回波探测系统研究[D].长春:长春理工大学,2012.