复杂地表单点检波器成像处理技术探讨
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摘要
常规地震资料采集常采用检波器组合方式,检波器组合可以部分压制随机干扰,增加采集原始资料信噪比。但在高陡复杂探区由于受到接收地表一致性、检波器本身的器械稳定性误差等因素影响,检波器组合接收方式存在地震资料采样保真度不够、初至时间不准确等问题,且由于精细勘探需要,地震资料采集往往采用小道距接收方式增加炮道密度。大规模的高密度采集组合方式导致人力、设备投入往往较大,增加项目施工难度和成本。以塔里木盆地KP地区单点高精度检波器地震勘探试验为例,针对单检单炮记录噪声更重的特征,采用分步、分域的反向滤波非规则噪声压制保幅去噪手段,根据山地单检采集与复杂地表共生的特点,采用了基于人工分解的CMP小圆滑面成像技术等室内处理针对性措施,在单检接收地震资料成像处理中取得了较好的效果。
The method of geophone array is usually adopted in conventional seismic data acquisition usually adopts.This method can suppress random disturbance partly,increase the SNR collecting original data.However in the high and steep complex exploration area due to receive the surface consistency or the instrument stability of the detector itself error factors,such as geophone receiving mode is fidelity of seismic data sampling or first arrival time is not accurate enough,moreover with the need of high-precision exploration,the seismic data acquisition often chose the small trace interval mode to increase the number data coverage.High density combination on a large scale bring about a large scale of manpower,equipment that increase the difficulty of construction and cost of the project.The paper takes the single point high precision geophone seismic exploration in the KP area'seismic exploration of Tarim basin KP as an example.According to the characteristics of the single inspection record noise is heavier,the fractional domain of rules of inverse filtering the noise suppression of cover image denoising methods,according to the upland single geophone collection and the characteristics of the complex surface symbiotic adopted based on artificial decomposition of CMP small indoor processing targeted measures,such as smooth surface imaging technology in the single geophone seismic data imaging processing receive good effect.
The method of geophone array is usually adopted in conventional seismic data acquisition usually adopts.This method can suppress random disturbance partly,increase the SNR collecting original data.However in the high and steep complex exploration area due to receive the surface consistency or the instrument stability of the detector itself error factors,such as geophone receiving mode is fidelity of seismic data sampling or first arrival time is not accurate enough,moreover with the need of high-precision exploration,the seismic data acquisition often chose the small trace interval mode to increase the number data coverage.High density combination on a large scale bring about a large scale of manpower,equipment that increase the difficulty of construction and cost of the project.The paper takes the single point high precision geophone seismic exploration in the KP area'seismic exploration of Tarim basin KP as an example.According to the characteristics of the single inspection record noise is heavier,the fractional domain of rules of inverse filtering the noise suppression of cover image denoising methods,according to the upland single geophone collection and the characteristics of the complex surface symbiotic adopted based on artificial decomposition of CMP small indoor processing targeted measures,such as smooth surface imaging technology in the single geophone seismic data imaging processing receive good effect.
引文
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[2]曹务祥.检波器组合问题的分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):504-505.CAO W X.Analysis on the problems of geophone array[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):504-505.(In Chinese)
[3]张智,李飞,黄志芳.地震勘探中检波器组合特性研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2117-2119.ZHANG Z,LI F,HUANG Z F.Study on character of geophone array in seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(6):2117-2119.(In Chinese)
[4]李庆忠,走向精确勘探的道路-高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.LI Q Z,To accurate exploration road-high resolution seismic exploration system engineering analysis[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Pres,1994.(In Chinese)
[5]李贞,郭飚,刘启元,等.地震层析成像中模型参数化研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1616-1624.LI Z,GUO B,LIU Q Y,et al.Parameterization in Seismic tomography[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1616-1624.(In Chinese)
[6]刘全新,李道善.关于山地静校正和偏移基准面的一些认识[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(1):57-59.LIU Q X,LI D S.Some understanding of the mountain static correction and migration datum[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(1):57-59.(In Chinese)
[7]吕涛.优化模型道的最大能量法静校正[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2003.LV T.Optimization model of maximum energy method of static correction[D].Beijing:Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003.(In Chinese)
[8]林伯香,孙晶梅,刘起弘,等.关于浮动基准面概念的讨论[J].石油物探,2005,44(1),94-96.LIN B X,SUN J M,LIU Q H,et al.The discussion of the concept of floating datum[J].Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(1):94-96.(In Chinese)
[9]周翼,李道善,师骏,等.塔西南柯东构造带二维资料叠前深度偏移处理、解释[J].中国石油勘探,2015(Z1):15-17.ZHOU Y,LI D S,SHI J,et al,The prestack depth migration processing and interpretation of two-dimensional data in South-western Kedong structural belt[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015(Z1):15-17.(In Chinese)