基于非局部均值滤波的复杂地表区浮动基准面计算方法
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摘要
在我国南方地区及西部地区等复杂地表区,采用平均静校正量法计算浮动基准面来进行地震资料叠前时间偏移处理时,剖面上会存在锯齿现象,因此,需要采用更加平滑的浮动基准面来进行处理.对于三维地震资料,本文提出采用非局部均值滤波计算平滑的浮动基准面静校正量,即通过非局部均值滤波算法在空间域平滑各CMP(Common Middle Point,共中心点)点的浮动面静校正量.该方法是一种比局部均值滤波方法更强壮的方法,能够更好的保护信号的结构信息,并且算法效果优于其他算法.应用实际资料,该方法计算的浮动基准面静校正量平滑,并且与平均静校正量法计算的浮动基准面静校正量形态相似,能消除地震剖面的锯齿现象,并且算法效果较好,证明该算法的合理性和有效性.
In the south and midwest regions of our country,since the complexity of the surface condition,when we use the mean static correction method to calculate the floating datum for prestack time migration,there will be sawtooth in the seismic section,which is due to the sudden change of static correction. Therefore,we need a smoother floating datum to seismic processing. At present,there are average static correction method and the smooth surface method to calculate floating datum statics correction. The datum obtained by different methods is different. The paper presents a method of calculating the smoothing floating datum statics by using Non-local mean filter, the floating datum statics at each CMP( Common Middle Point) point use Non-local mean filter algorithm to smooth in spatial domain,especially for 3-D seismic data. The basic principle of the non-local mean filter algorithm is similar to the mean filter algorithm,which requires the average value. But the Non-local mean filter adds the weight value of each point when calculating,so it can ensure that the influence between adjacent and large difference points is reduced when the average value is calculated in the frame. It also keeps a lot image edge details,so that the image looks clearer. In practical application,the first step is to calculate the statics of each shot point and detection point,then we can use the average statics method to calculate the average statics of each CMP point,at last we can use Non-local mean filter method to smooth the results of the second step. This method is more robust than the local mean filtering method,and can better protect the structural information of the signal,and the effect of the algorithm is better than other algorithms. The results show that the float datum statics calculated by this method is smoother and similar to the float datum statics calculated by the average static correction method. It can eliminate the sawtooth phenomena in the seismic profiles. The algorithm has a good effect,which proves the rationality and validity of the algorithm.
In the south and midwest regions of our country,since the complexity of the surface condition,when we use the mean static correction method to calculate the floating datum for prestack time migration,there will be sawtooth in the seismic section,which is due to the sudden change of static correction. Therefore,we need a smoother floating datum to seismic processing. At present,there are average static correction method and the smooth surface method to calculate floating datum statics correction. The datum obtained by different methods is different. The paper presents a method of calculating the smoothing floating datum statics by using Non-local mean filter, the floating datum statics at each CMP( Common Middle Point) point use Non-local mean filter algorithm to smooth in spatial domain,especially for 3-D seismic data. The basic principle of the non-local mean filter algorithm is similar to the mean filter algorithm,which requires the average value. But the Non-local mean filter adds the weight value of each point when calculating,so it can ensure that the influence between adjacent and large difference points is reduced when the average value is calculated in the frame. It also keeps a lot image edge details,so that the image looks clearer. In practical application,the first step is to calculate the statics of each shot point and detection point,then we can use the average statics method to calculate the average statics of each CMP point,at last we can use Non-local mean filter method to smooth the results of the second step. This method is more robust than the local mean filtering method,and can better protect the structural information of the signal,and the effect of the algorithm is better than other algorithms. The results show that the float datum statics calculated by this method is smoother and similar to the float datum statics calculated by the average static correction method. It can eliminate the sawtooth phenomena in the seismic profiles. The algorithm has a good effect,which proves the rationality and validity of the algorithm.
引文
Fan Y.2014,Research on image denoising algorithm based on Gauss noise[Master's thesis].Southwest Petroleum Institude.
Feng S M.2012.Application and effect of tomographic static correction in 3D seismic data reprocessing[J].Progress in Geophys(in Chinese),27(3):1234-1242,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.051.
Li H W.2010.The static correction applied research of the eastern complex surface region of Sichuan[Master's thesis].Chendu University of Technology.
Lin B X,Sun J M,Liu Q H,et al.2005.Discussion to the concept of floating datum[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),44(1):94-97.
Liu G F,Liu H,Li B,et al.2009.Method of prestack time migration of seismic data of mountainous regions and its GPU implementation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(12):3101-3108,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.12.019.
Liu Z F,Mao H B,Shao Y,et al.2003.Adoption of datum planes and statics methods in complex surface areas[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),42(2):240-247.
Lu X C,Shan N L,Gu H M,et al.2011.Effect of floating datum for static correction on velocity analysis accuracy[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),8(2):155-160.
Pei Y X.2014.A fast Non-local means image denoising algorithm[Master's thesis].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University.
Zhu H C,Xuan C H,Liu Q Q.2010.Optimal selection of calculation method for floating datum in complex surface area[J].Petroleum Geophysics(in Chinese),8(2):22-27.
樊勇.2014.基于高斯噪声的图像去噪算法研究[硕士论文].西南石油大学.
冯世民.2012.层析静校正在三维地震资料再处理中的应用及效果[J].地球物理学进展,27(3):1234-1242,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.051.
李宏伟.2010.川东复杂地表地区静校正方法应用研究[硕士论文].成都理工大学.
林伯香,孙晶梅,刘起弘,等.2005.关于浮动基准面概念的讨论[J].石油物探,44(1):94-97.
刘国峰,刘洪,李博,等.2009.山地地震资料叠前时间偏移方法及其GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,52(12):3101-3108,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.12.019.
刘志凡,毛海波,劭雨,等.2003.复杂地表区基准面和静校正方法的选择[J].石油物探,42(2):240-247.
吕晓春,单娜林,顾汉明,等.2011.浮动基准面下静校正对速度分析精度的影响分析[J].工程地球物理学报,8(2):155-160.
裴银祥.2014.快速非局部均值图像去噪算法[硕士论文].郑州:郑州大学.
朱洪昌,玄长虹,刘群强.2010.复杂地表区浮动基准面计算方法的优化选取[J].油气地球物理,8(2):22-27.
Feng S M.2012.Application and effect of tomographic static correction in 3D seismic data reprocessing[J].Progress in Geophys(in Chinese),27(3):1234-1242,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.051.
Li H W.2010.The static correction applied research of the eastern complex surface region of Sichuan[Master's thesis].Chendu University of Technology.
Lin B X,Sun J M,Liu Q H,et al.2005.Discussion to the concept of floating datum[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),44(1):94-97.
Liu G F,Liu H,Li B,et al.2009.Method of prestack time migration of seismic data of mountainous regions and its GPU implementation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(12):3101-3108,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.12.019.
Liu Z F,Mao H B,Shao Y,et al.2003.Adoption of datum planes and statics methods in complex surface areas[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),42(2):240-247.
Lu X C,Shan N L,Gu H M,et al.2011.Effect of floating datum for static correction on velocity analysis accuracy[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),8(2):155-160.
Pei Y X.2014.A fast Non-local means image denoising algorithm[Master's thesis].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University.
Zhu H C,Xuan C H,Liu Q Q.2010.Optimal selection of calculation method for floating datum in complex surface area[J].Petroleum Geophysics(in Chinese),8(2):22-27.
樊勇.2014.基于高斯噪声的图像去噪算法研究[硕士论文].西南石油大学.
冯世民.2012.层析静校正在三维地震资料再处理中的应用及效果[J].地球物理学进展,27(3):1234-1242,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.051.
李宏伟.2010.川东复杂地表地区静校正方法应用研究[硕士论文].成都理工大学.
林伯香,孙晶梅,刘起弘,等.2005.关于浮动基准面概念的讨论[J].石油物探,44(1):94-97.
刘国峰,刘洪,李博,等.2009.山地地震资料叠前时间偏移方法及其GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,52(12):3101-3108,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.12.019.
刘志凡,毛海波,劭雨,等.2003.复杂地表区基准面和静校正方法的选择[J].石油物探,42(2):240-247.
吕晓春,单娜林,顾汉明,等.2011.浮动基准面下静校正对速度分析精度的影响分析[J].工程地球物理学报,8(2):155-160.
裴银祥.2014.快速非局部均值图像去噪算法[硕士论文].郑州:郑州大学.
朱洪昌,玄长虹,刘群强.2010.复杂地表区浮动基准面计算方法的优化选取[J].油气地球物理,8(2):22-27.