风浪异向时单点系泊浮式风力机运动性能分析
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摘要
针对一种具有"风标效应"的新式单点系泊半潜型浮式风力机,建立了风机-塔柱-基础-系泊线耦合的分析模型,采用叶素动量理论计算叶片空气动力载荷,采用混合模型计算波浪载荷。通过风力机数值仿真软件FAST对该新型浮式风力机进行数值模拟,研究不同环境载荷方向下,单点系泊浮式风力机的"风标效应"和运动性能。时域计算结果表明,当风载荷和波浪载荷的入射方向不同时,采用单点系泊的浮式风力机依然可以实现自动对风的功能。对频域结果分析发现,风载荷主要影响浮式基础的平衡位置,波浪载荷主要影响在平衡位置附近的振荡运动。由此可见,相比于浮式基础受到的定常波浪力,风轮上的推力更占据主导地位。
An analytical model coupling wind turbine,tower,floating foundation,and mooring line was established for a novel floating offshore wind turbine with a weathervane function and moored by the single-point mooring system. The aerodynamic load was calculated using the blade element momentum theory,and the wave load was calculated using a hybrid model. The numerical simulation of the novel floating wind turbine was carried out using the software FAST. The weathervane function and motion performance of the floating offshore wind turbine with the single-point mooring system were studied under different directions of environmental loads. The time-domain calculation results show that the floating wind turbine with the single-point mooring system can still realize the weathervane function when the incident directions of wind load and wave are different. An analysis of the frequency domain results showed that that wind load mainly affects the equilibrium location of the floating foundation,and the wave load mainly affects the oscillation near the equilibrium location. Thus,the thrust acting on the wind wheel is more dominant than the steady drift force acting on the floating foundation.
An analytical model coupling wind turbine,tower,floating foundation,and mooring line was established for a novel floating offshore wind turbine with a weathervane function and moored by the single-point mooring system. The aerodynamic load was calculated using the blade element momentum theory,and the wave load was calculated using a hybrid model. The numerical simulation of the novel floating wind turbine was carried out using the software FAST. The weathervane function and motion performance of the floating offshore wind turbine with the single-point mooring system were studied under different directions of environmental loads. The time-domain calculation results show that the floating wind turbine with the single-point mooring system can still realize the weathervane function when the incident directions of wind load and wave are different. An analysis of the frequency domain results showed that that wind load mainly affects the equilibrium location of the floating foundation,and the wave load mainly affects the oscillation near the equilibrium location. Thus,the thrust acting on the wind wheel is more dominant than the steady drift force acting on the floating foundation.
引文
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[2]焦忠虎,肖纪升.海上风力发电基础形式及关键技术分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2016(1):145-146.JIAO Zhonghu,XIAO Jisheng.Analysis on the floating foundation type and key technology of offshore wind turbine[J].China high-tech enterprises,2016(1):145-146.
[3]International Renewable Energy Agency.Renewable capacity statistics 2016[R].Bonn:IRENA,2016.
[4]JUNGINGER M,FAAIJ A,TURKENBURG W C.Cost reduction prospects for offshore wind farms[J].Wind engineering,2004,28(1):97-118.
[5]ZHENG Chongwei,LI Chongyin,PAN Jing,et al.An overview of global ocean wind energy resource evaluations[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2016,53:1240-1251.
[6]李焱,唐友刚,翟佳伟,等.单点系泊式浮式风力机基础设计研究[C]//第十七届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集(上).南宁,2015:31-38.LI Yan,TANG Yougang,ZHAI Jiawei,et al.Research of the design of floating offshore wind turbine with single point mooring system[C]//The 17th Academic Conference on China Ocean Engineering Symposium.Nanning,2015:31-38.
[7]JONKMAN J,MATHA D.quantitative comparison of the responses of three floating platforms[C]//Presented at the European Offshore Wind 2009 Conference and Exhibition.Golden,CO,USA,2010.
[8]NIHEI Y,IIJIMA K,MURAI M,et al.A comparative study of motion performance of four different FOWT designs in combined wind and wave loads[C]//ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.American Society of Mechanical Engineers.San Francisco,California,USA,2014:V007T05A025.
[9]IIJIMA K,KAWAI M,NIHEI Y,et al.Conceptual design of a single-point-moored FOWT and tank test for its motion characteristics[C]//ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Nantes,France,2013:V008T09A079.
[10]IIJIMA K,KURODA Y,NIHEI Y,et al.Comparison of weathervane performance between two types of FOWT systems moored to SPM[C]//ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Newfoundland,Canada,2015:V006T05A010.
[11]MURAI M,TAKEI M,SAEKI H,et al.Investigations into motion characteristics of a multi-column type FOWT in waves and winds[C]//ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Nantes,France,2013:V003T05A022.
[12]刘中柏,唐友刚,王涵,等.半潜型风电浮式基础运动特性试验研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2015,36(1):51-56.LIU Zhongbai,TANG Yougang,WANG Han,et al.Experimental study of motion behaviors for semi-submersible floating foundation of wind power[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2015,36(1):51-56.
[13]LIU Geliang,HU Zhiqiang,DUAN Fei.Preliminary analysis about coupled response of offshore floating wind turbine system in time domain[C]//ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Newfoundland,Canada,2015:V009T09A042.
[14]BACHYNSKI E E,KVITTEM M I,LUAN Chenyu,et al.Wind-wave misalignment effects on floating wind turbines:motions and tower load effects[J].Journal of offshore mechanics and arctic engineering,2014,136(4):041902.
[15]赵丽萍,冯卫兵,曹海锦.Ashdod港风浪特性研究[J].水道港口,2017,38(5):470-476.ZHAO Liping,FENG Weibing,CAO Haijin.Analysis on wind-wave relationship of Israeli port of Ashdod[J].Journal of waterway and harbor,2017,38(5):470-476.
[16]JONKMAN J,BUTTERFIELD S,MUSIAL W,et al.Definition of a 5-MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development.Technical report,NREL/TP-500-38060[R].Golden,CO:NREL,2009.
[17]ROBERTSON A,JONKMAN J,MASCIOLA M,et al.Definition of the semisubmersible floating system for phase II of OC4[R].Golden,CO:National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL),2014.
[18]曹菡,唐友刚,陶海成,等.半潜型风机浮式基础设计及幅频运动特性研究[J].海洋工程,2013,31(2):61-67.CAO Han,TANG Yougang,TAO Haicheng,et al.Design and frequency domain analysis of semi-submersible floating foundation for offshore wind turbine[J].The ocean engineering,2013,31(2):61-67.