基于简化可变参数热模型的锂电池内部温度估计
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摘要
锂电池内部温度的准确估计是实现电池安全可靠热管理的关键,为准确估计锂电池内部温度,针对现有电池热模型中各热电参数的辨识误差对内部温度估计精度的影响,文中提出基于简化可变参数热模型的锂电池内部温度估计方法.通过对不同环境温度下锂电池内部热容与外部热阻进行辨识,建立可变内部热容与外部热阻估计模型,同时对模型机理进行分析,详细描述了外部环境对于内部热容和外部热阻的影响,并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性;最后结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法,实现对内部温度的估计.不同温度梯度下的恒流放电实验与仿真结果证明,所建模型适用于不同环境温度下的锂电池热模型,提高了内部温度估计精度.
The accurate estimation of the internal temperature of lithium battery is the key to realize the safe and reliable thermal management of the battery.In order to accurately estimate the internal temperature of the lithium battery,considering the influence of the identification error of each thermoelectric parameter in the existing battery thermal model on the internal temperature estimation accuracy,a method for estimating the internal temperature of a lithium battery based on a simplified variable parameter thermal model was proposed.By identifying the internal heat capacity and external thermal resistance of lithium battery at different ambient temperatures,a variable internal heat capacity and external thermal resistance estimation model was established to analyze the model mechanism,and the influence of external environment on internal heat capacity and external thermal resistance.The reliablity of the model was verified by experiments.Finally,the extended temperature Kalman filter(EKF)algorithm was used to estimate the internal temperature.The constant current discharge experiment and simulation results under different temperature gradients prove that the model is suitable for the lithium battery thermal model under different ambient temperatures,and it has improved the internal temperature estimation accuracy.
The accurate estimation of the internal temperature of lithium battery is the key to realize the safe and reliable thermal management of the battery.In order to accurately estimate the internal temperature of the lithium battery,considering the influence of the identification error of each thermoelectric parameter in the existing battery thermal model on the internal temperature estimation accuracy,a method for estimating the internal temperature of a lithium battery based on a simplified variable parameter thermal model was proposed.By identifying the internal heat capacity and external thermal resistance of lithium battery at different ambient temperatures,a variable internal heat capacity and external thermal resistance estimation model was established to analyze the model mechanism,and the influence of external environment on internal heat capacity and external thermal resistance.The reliablity of the model was verified by experiments.Finally,the extended temperature Kalman filter(EKF)algorithm was used to estimate the internal temperature.The constant current discharge experiment and simulation results under different temperature gradients prove that the model is suitable for the lithium battery thermal model under different ambient temperatures,and it has improved the internal temperature estimation accuracy.
引文
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[26] 梁志国,朱振宇.非均匀采样正弦波形的最小二乘拟合算法 [J].计量学报,2014,35(5):494- 498.LIANG Zhiguo,ZHU Zhenyu.Least squares fitting algorithm for non-uniformly sampled sinusoidal waveforms [J].Acta Metrologica Sinica,2014,35(5):494- 498.
[27] BLOMBERG C K,WRIGHT Y M,BOULOUCHOS K.A phenomenological HCCI combustion model in 0D and 3D-CFD [J].Fuel,2018,226:365- 380.
[28] 刘新天,何耀,曾国建,等.考虑温度影响的锂电池功率状态估计 [J].电工技术学报,2016,31(13):155- 163.LIU Xintian,HE Yao,ZENG Guojian,et al.State-of-power estimation for Li-ion battery considering the effect of temperature [J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(13):155- 163.
[29] 苗萌,朱晓辉,张宝.正极浆料分散对锂离子电池内阻的影响 [J].电池,2016,46(3):152- 154.MIAO Meng,ZHU Xiaohui,ZHANG Bao.Effect of dispersion of positive electrode slurry on internal resistance of lithium ion batteries [J].Batteries,2016,46(3):152- 154.
[2] XU K K,LI H X,LIU Z.ISOMAP-based spatiotemporal modeling for lithium-ion battery thermal process [J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2018,14(2):569- 577.
[3] FENG X,OUYANG M,LIU X,et al.Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles:a review [J].Energy Storage Materials,2018,10:246- 267.
[4] 吴斌.电动汽车电池温度场之分析及应用 [D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[5] 梁金华.纯电动车用磷酸铁锂电池组散热研究 [D].北京:清华大学,2011.
[6] LIN X,PEREZ H E,SIEGEL J B,et al.Online parameterization of lumped thermal dynamics in cylindrical lithium ion batteries for core temperature estimation and health monitoring [J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2013,21(5):1745- 1755.
[7] DEY S,PEREZ H E,MOURA S J.Thermal fault diagnostics in lithium-ion batteries based on a distributed parameter thermal model [C]//Proceedings of American Control Conference (ACC).Seattle,WA:IEEE,2017:68- 73.
[8] ZHU J G,SUN Z C,WEI X Z,et al.A new lithium-ion battery internal temperature on-line estimate method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy mea-surement [J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,274:990- 1004.
[9] RICHARDSON R R,IRELAND P T,HOWEY D A.Battery internal temperature estimation by combined impedance and surface temperature measurement [J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,265:254- 261.
[10] ORCIONI S,BUCCOLINI L,RICCI A,et al.Lithium-ion battery electro thermal model,parameter estimation,and simulation environment [J].Energies,2017,10(3):1- 20.
[11] DAI H,ZHU L,ZHU J,et al.Adaptive Kalman filtering based internal temperature estimation with an equivalent electrical network thermal model for hard-cased batteries [J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,293:351- 365.
[12] ZHANG C,LI K,DENG J.Real-time estimation of battery internal temperature based on a simplified thermoelectric model [J].Journal of Power Sources,2016,302:146- 154.
[13] FORGEZ C,DO D V,FRIEDRICH G,et al.Thermal modeling of a cylindrical LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery [J].Journal of Power Sources,2010,195(9):2961- 2968.
[14] SEMENOV N N.Thermal theory of combustion and explosion [J].Technical Report Archive & Image Library,1942,24(4):433- 486.
[15] BUCKMASTER J,CLAVIN P,LINAN A,et al.Combustion theory and modeling [J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2005,30(1):1- 19.
[16] LUANGWILAI T,SIDHU H S,NELSON M I.Biological self-heating in compost piles:a Semenov formulation [J].Chemical Engineering Science,2013,101:533- 542.
[17] LUTSENKO N A.Modeling of heterogeneous combustion in porous media under free convection [J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2013,34(2):2289- 2294.
[18] ALLART D,MONTARU M,GUALOUS H.Thermal model of battery for high capacity energy storage systems cell scale model and experimental validation [C]//Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Green Energy Conversion Systems(GECS).Hammamet,Tunisia:IEEE,2017:1- 6.
[19] OU Jiajie,LI Lifu,JIANG Fan,et al.Application of extremum principle of entransy dissipation to battery thermal performance analysis [C]//Proceedings of 2016 11th International Conference on Computer Science & Education(ICCSE).Nagoya:IEEE,2016:741- 746.
[20] 刘开宇,吴坤装,唐有根,等.方形锂离子电池的卷绕结构设计 [J].电池,2015,45(4):215- 217.LIU Kaiyu,WU Kunzhuang,TANG Yougen,et al.Win-ding structure design of square lithium ion battery [J].Batteries,2015,45(4):215- 217.
[21] CHAOUI H,GUALOUS H.Online parameter and state estimation of lithium-ion batteries under temperature effects [J].Electric Power Systems Research,2017,145:73- 82.
[22] DU S,JIA M,CHENG Y,et al.Study on the thermal behaviors of power lithium iron phosphate (LFP) aluminum-laminated battery with different tab configurations [J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2015,89:327- 336.
[23] REN D,FENG X,LU L,et al.An electrochemical-thermal coupled overcharge-to-thermal-runaway model for lithium ion battery [J].Journal of Power Sources,2017,364:328- 340.
[24] LYSTIANINGRUM V,HREDZAK B,AGELIDIS V G,et al.On estimating instantaneous temperature of a supercapacitor string using an observer based on experimentally validated lumped thermal model [J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2015,30(4):1438- 1448.
[25] 何耀,曹成荣,刘新天,等.基于可变温度模型的锂电池SOC估计方法 [J].电机与控制学报,2018,22(1):43- 52.HE Yao,CAO Chengrong,LIU Xintian,et al.SOC estimation method based on changing temperature model [J].Electric Machines and Control,2018,22(1):43- 52.
[26] 梁志国,朱振宇.非均匀采样正弦波形的最小二乘拟合算法 [J].计量学报,2014,35(5):494- 498.LIANG Zhiguo,ZHU Zhenyu.Least squares fitting algorithm for non-uniformly sampled sinusoidal waveforms [J].Acta Metrologica Sinica,2014,35(5):494- 498.
[27] BLOMBERG C K,WRIGHT Y M,BOULOUCHOS K.A phenomenological HCCI combustion model in 0D and 3D-CFD [J].Fuel,2018,226:365- 380.
[28] 刘新天,何耀,曾国建,等.考虑温度影响的锂电池功率状态估计 [J].电工技术学报,2016,31(13):155- 163.LIU Xintian,HE Yao,ZENG Guojian,et al.State-of-power estimation for Li-ion battery considering the effect of temperature [J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(13):155- 163.
[29] 苗萌,朱晓辉,张宝.正极浆料分散对锂离子电池内阻的影响 [J].电池,2016,46(3):152- 154.MIAO Meng,ZHU Xiaohui,ZHANG Bao.Effect of dispersion of positive electrode slurry on internal resistance of lithium ion batteries [J].Batteries,2016,46(3):152- 154.