航空替代燃料低温点火关键物质研究
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摘要
液体燃料低温条件下挥发的燃油组分对于点火启动有显著影响。通过对航空煤油RP-3和煤基费托F-T燃料低温条件气相组分分析,得到了-40℃到15℃燃料挥发组分及含量分布规律,确定低温条件发动机点火关键物质并进行点火边界测试及分析。通过加入轻烃物质煤基费托燃料点火性能有显著提高作用,其改善顺序为环烷烃最优,其次是支链烷烃,直链烷烃。对航空替代燃料应用于发动机低温冷启动及高空再点火过程有一定指导意义。
Liquid fuel volatile compositions play an important role for ignition at low temperatures. The composition distribution of aviation kerosene RP-3 and coal-based Fischev-Tropsch F-T fuel in the vapor phase under low temperatures were analyzed in this research. The volatile components and content distribution of the fuel from -40℃ to 15℃ were obtained,and the key materials for engine ignition in low temperature conditions were determined and the ignition boundary test and analysis were carried out. The addition of light hydrocarbons significantly improves the ignition performance of coal-based Fischer-Tropsch fuel. Cycloalkanes are preferential,which are followed by branched alkanes and n-alkanes. It is of significance for the application of aviation alternative fuels in engine cold start and high-altitude relight process.
Liquid fuel volatile compositions play an important role for ignition at low temperatures. The composition distribution of aviation kerosene RP-3 and coal-based Fischev-Tropsch F-T fuel in the vapor phase under low temperatures were analyzed in this research. The volatile components and content distribution of the fuel from -40℃ to 15℃ were obtained,and the key materials for engine ignition in low temperature conditions were determined and the ignition boundary test and analysis were carried out. The addition of light hydrocarbons significantly improves the ignition performance of coal-based Fischer-Tropsch fuel. Cycloalkanes are preferential,which are followed by branched alkanes and n-alkanes. It is of significance for the application of aviation alternative fuels in engine cold start and high-altitude relight process.
引文
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[19]周冠宇,王洪波,王智超,等.煤基费托航空燃料燃烧性能及航程[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(8):1632-1638.ZHOU G Y,WANG H B,WANG Z C,et al.Combustion performance and range of coal-based Fischer-Tropsch aviation fuel[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016,42(8):1632-1638(in Chinese).
[2]JEAN J,FOSSI A,DECHAMPLAIN A,et al.Assessment of biofuels/jet A-1 blends to meet cold start and altitude relight requirements[C]∥Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition.New York:ASME,2017:V04BT04A055.
[3]GROHMANN J,RAUCH B,KATHROTIA T,et al.Investigation of differences in lean blowout of liquid single-component fuels in a gas turbine model combustor[C]∥52nd AIAA/SAE/AS-EE Joint Propulsion Conference.Reston:AIAA,2016.
[4]VALCO D J,MIN K,OLDANI A,et al.Low temperature autoignition of conventional jet fuels and surrogate jet fuels with targeted properties in a rapid compression machine[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(3):3687-3694.
[5]JEAN J,FOSSI A,DECHAMPLAIN A,et al.Evaluating and testing biofuels to meet cold start and altitude relight requirements[J].International Journal of Energetic Materials&Chemical Propulsion,2014,13(4):319-337.
[6]HOLLEY A T,DONG Y,ANDAC M G,et al.Ignition and extinction of non-premixed flames of single-component liquid hydrocarbons,jet fuels,and their surrogates[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2007,31(1):1205-1213.
[7]BURGER V,YATES A,MOSBACH T,et al.Fuel influence on targeted gas turbine combustion properties:PartⅡ-Detailed results[C]∥Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition.New York:ASME,2014:V03AT03A003.
[8]RYE L,WILSON C.The influence of alternative fuel composition on gas turbine ignition performance[J].Fuel,2012,96:277-283.
[9]ZIGAN L,SCHMITZ I,FL GEL A,et al.Effect of fuel properties on spray breakup and evaporation studied for a multihole direct injection spark ignition injector[J].Energy&Fuels,2010,24(8):4341-4350.
[10]范学军,俞刚.大庆RP-3航空煤油热物性分析[J].推进技术,2006,27(2):187-192.FAN X J,YU G.Analysis of thermal properties of Daqing RP-3aviation kerosene[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2006,27(2):187-192(in Chinese).
[11]王盛园.基于国产燃油物理-化学特性的油箱可燃性评估技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.WANG S Y.Research on fuel tank flammability evaluation technology based on domestic physico-chemical properties[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012(in Chinese).
[12]ASTM International.Standard specification for aviation turbine fuels1:ASTM D1655-15c[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM,2015.
[13]ASTM International.Standard test method for determination of vapor pressure(VPX)of petroleum products,hydrocarbons,and hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures(triple expansion method):ASTM D6378-10[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM,2010.
[14]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.闪点测定法(泰克闭口杯法):SH/T 0733-2004[S].北京:中国石油工业出版社,2004.National Development and Reform Commission.Flash point method(Tektronix closed cup method):SH/T 0733-2004[S].Beijing:China Petroleum Industry Press,2004(in Chinese).
[15]全国危险化学品管理标准化技术委员会.化合物(蒸气和气体)易燃性浓度限值的标准试验方法:GB/T 21844-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.National Technical Committee for the Management of Hazardous Chemicals.Standard test method for flammability limits of compounds(vapours and gases):GB/T 21844-2008[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2008(in Chinese).
[16]MOSES C A,ROETS P N J.Properties,characteristics,and combustion performance of sasol fully synthetic jet fuel[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power,2008,131(4):431-443.
[17]RYE L.The public-access computer systems forum[EB/OL].Sheffield:University of Sheffield Libraries(2011-10-23)[2012-01-10].http:∥www.cheric.org/research/kdb/.
[18]王永华,武京波,陶澍,等.挥发性有机物气液分配常数与分子结构的关系[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1996,4(3):260-265.WANG Y H,WU J B,TAO W,et al.Relationship between gasliquid partition constant and molecular structure of volatile organic compounds[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,1996,4(3):260-265(in Chinese).
[19]周冠宇,王洪波,王智超,等.煤基费托航空燃料燃烧性能及航程[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(8):1632-1638.ZHOU G Y,WANG H B,WANG Z C,et al.Combustion performance and range of coal-based Fischer-Tropsch aviation fuel[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016,42(8):1632-1638(in Chinese).