内边界旋转的垂直井筒气液两相流型和压降梯度
|
摘要
井筒中泵杆的存在会对井筒内气液两相流动产生干扰,进而影响流型和压力梯度,而井筒内压力梯度的计算是油气井生产优化的重要部分。实验采用内径?88.9 mm,长7 m且含有螺杆泵的部分透明有机玻璃管,进行了不同转速的气液两相流实验,得到了在螺杆泵旋转时,泡状流向段塞流的转换界限;并与无杆的流型转换模型进行对比,得到了0 r/min、30 r/min、60 r/min、90 r/min转速下改进的流型转换模型;根据实验数据对有杆井筒内不同转速下压力梯度变化的修正,得到不同转速下的压力梯度公式。结果表明,在液相表观速度相同的情况下,无杆井筒中更早发生泡状流向段塞流的转换;随着转速增加,流动摩擦阻力同时增大,增大幅度比较小;随着气相表观速度的提高,总压力梯度逐渐降低,压力梯度的降低速率逐渐变小。
The existence of sucker rod in the wellbore can interfere with the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the wellbore and then influence its flow pattern and pressure gradient, while the calculation of the pressure gradient in the wellbore is an important part of oil/gas well production optimization. Gas-liquid two-phase flow experiments were carried out at different rotation speeds by using the partially transparent plexi glass tubular with progressive cavity pump(ID ?88.9 mm, length 7 m). And accordingly, the transition interface from the bubble flow to the plug flow during the rotation of progressive cavity pump was obtained. Then, it was compared with the flow pattern transition model without sucker rod, and the flow pattern transition model modified at the rotation speed of0 r/min, 30 r/min, 60 r/min and 90 r/min was obtained. Finally, the pressure gradient formula at different rotation speeds was set up after the pressure gradient at different rotation speeds in the wellbore with sucker rod was corrected according to the experimental data.It is indicated that the transition from the bubble flow to the plug flow occurs earlier in the wellbore without sucker rod when the liquid-phase apparent velocity is the same. With the increase of the rotation speed, the flow friction resistance increases and its increasing amplitude is smaller. With the increase of the gas-phase apparent velocity, the total pressure gradient and the decreasing rate of pressure gradient decline gradually.
The existence of sucker rod in the wellbore can interfere with the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the wellbore and then influence its flow pattern and pressure gradient, while the calculation of the pressure gradient in the wellbore is an important part of oil/gas well production optimization. Gas-liquid two-phase flow experiments were carried out at different rotation speeds by using the partially transparent plexi glass tubular with progressive cavity pump(ID ?88.9 mm, length 7 m). And accordingly, the transition interface from the bubble flow to the plug flow during the rotation of progressive cavity pump was obtained. Then, it was compared with the flow pattern transition model without sucker rod, and the flow pattern transition model modified at the rotation speed of0 r/min, 30 r/min, 60 r/min and 90 r/min was obtained. Finally, the pressure gradient formula at different rotation speeds was set up after the pressure gradient at different rotation speeds in the wellbore with sucker rod was corrected according to the experimental data.It is indicated that the transition from the bubble flow to the plug flow occurs earlier in the wellbore without sucker rod when the liquid-phase apparent velocity is the same. With the increase of the rotation speed, the flow friction resistance increases and its increasing amplitude is smaller. With the increase of the gas-phase apparent velocity, the total pressure gradient and the decreasing rate of pressure gradient decline gradually.
引文
[1]DUNS H,ROS N C J.Vertical flow of gas and liquid mixtures in wells[C].Proc.6th.World Petroleum Congress,1963:451-465.
[2]ORKISZEWSKI J.Predicting two-phase pressure drops in vertical pipes[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1969:829-838.
[3]AZIZ K,GOVIER G W,FOGARASI M.Pressure drop in wells producing oil and gas[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972:38-47.
[4]TAITEL Y,BARNEA D,DUKLER A E.Modelling flow fattern transitions for steady upward gas-liquid flow in vertical tubes[J].AICHE Journal,1980,26(3):345-354.
[5]陈家琅.石油气液两相管流[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.CHEN Jialang.Two phase flow in pipes[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.
[6]CAETANO E F,SHOHAM O,BRILL J P.Upward vertical two-phase flow through an annulus-partⅡ:modeling bubble,slug,and annular flow[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,1992,114:1(1):14-30.
[7]ANSARI A M,ANSARI A M.A comprehensive mechanistic model for upward two-phase flow[J].SPE Production&Facilities,1994,9(2):143-151.
[8]韩洪升,陈家琅.垂直管中气液两相弹状流和段塞流的流动规律[J].天然气工业,1989,9(1):42-44.HAN Hongsheng,CHEN Jialang.Flow regularity of gas liquid two phase slug flow to plug flow[J].Natural Gas Industry,1989,9(1):42-44.
[9]郑成.垂直管内气液两相弹状流压力降[J].化学工程,1996,24(4):59-63.ZHENG Cheng.Gas liquid two phase slug flow pressure drop in vertical tube[J].Chemical Engineering,1996,24(4):59-63.
[10]张军,罗惕乾,陈听宽.内管旋转的垂直同心环形管内单相流动特性的试验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(1):1-5.ZHANG Jun,LUO Tiqian,CHEN Tingkuan.Single phase flow experimental study in a vertical concentric annular tube with inner tube rotation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2002,24(1):1-5.
[11]KELESSIDIS V C,DUKLER A E.Modeling flow pattern transitions for upward gas-liquid flow in vertical concentric and eccentric annuli[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1989,15(2):173-191.
[12]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004:23-32.ZHANG Qi.Principle and design of oil production engineering[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,2004:23-32.
[2]ORKISZEWSKI J.Predicting two-phase pressure drops in vertical pipes[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1969:829-838.
[3]AZIZ K,GOVIER G W,FOGARASI M.Pressure drop in wells producing oil and gas[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972:38-47.
[4]TAITEL Y,BARNEA D,DUKLER A E.Modelling flow fattern transitions for steady upward gas-liquid flow in vertical tubes[J].AICHE Journal,1980,26(3):345-354.
[5]陈家琅.石油气液两相管流[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.CHEN Jialang.Two phase flow in pipes[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.
[6]CAETANO E F,SHOHAM O,BRILL J P.Upward vertical two-phase flow through an annulus-partⅡ:modeling bubble,slug,and annular flow[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,1992,114:1(1):14-30.
[7]ANSARI A M,ANSARI A M.A comprehensive mechanistic model for upward two-phase flow[J].SPE Production&Facilities,1994,9(2):143-151.
[8]韩洪升,陈家琅.垂直管中气液两相弹状流和段塞流的流动规律[J].天然气工业,1989,9(1):42-44.HAN Hongsheng,CHEN Jialang.Flow regularity of gas liquid two phase slug flow to plug flow[J].Natural Gas Industry,1989,9(1):42-44.
[9]郑成.垂直管内气液两相弹状流压力降[J].化学工程,1996,24(4):59-63.ZHENG Cheng.Gas liquid two phase slug flow pressure drop in vertical tube[J].Chemical Engineering,1996,24(4):59-63.
[10]张军,罗惕乾,陈听宽.内管旋转的垂直同心环形管内单相流动特性的试验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(1):1-5.ZHANG Jun,LUO Tiqian,CHEN Tingkuan.Single phase flow experimental study in a vertical concentric annular tube with inner tube rotation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2002,24(1):1-5.
[11]KELESSIDIS V C,DUKLER A E.Modeling flow pattern transitions for upward gas-liquid flow in vertical concentric and eccentric annuli[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1989,15(2):173-191.
[12]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004:23-32.ZHANG Qi.Principle and design of oil production engineering[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,2004:23-32.