世界海上风力发电现状
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摘要
风力发电占世界可再生能源发电量的16%。海上风电虽起步晚,但凭借其稳定性和大发电功率的特点,近年来正在世界各地飞速发展。2017年世界海上风电累计容量18.8MW,欧洲5国(英国、德国、丹麦、荷兰、比利时)累计容量占世界的份额为82.2%。2017年欧洲海上风电容量新增3.148GW。按国别累计,海上风电容量英国6.8GW,德国5.4GW,中国2.8GW,丹麦1.3GW,荷兰1.1GW。海上风力发电方式分固定式和漂浮式,固定式已产业化,成本低,被广泛采用;漂浮式各国都在大力开发,但成本高,仍处在从基础研究到验证实验的开发阶段。欧洲海上风电容量、技术等方面全面居世界领先水平,但发展市场容量不足,极需向海外拓展。我国有良好的海上风电开发资源基础,但2017年海上风电容量为2.8GW,仅占总风电容量的1.48%。建议加强与欧洲合作,加快我国海上风电发展进程。
Wind power accounts for 16% of the world′s renewable energy generation.Although started late,offshore wind power has been developing rapidly all over the world in recent years due to its stability and high power generation.In 2017,the world′s cumulative offshore wind power capacity was 18.8 MW,and the cumulative capacity of five countries in Europe including the UK,Germany,Denmark,the Netherlands and Belgium accounted for 82.2% of the world′s total.The offshore wind power capacity in Europe was increased by 3.148 GW in 2017.Accumulated by country,the offshore wind power capacity in the UK,Germany,China,Denmark and the Netherlands is 6.8 GW,5.4 GW,2.8 GW,1.3 GW and 1.1 GW respectively.Offshore wind power can be divided into fixed offshore wind power and floating offshore wind power.Fixed offshore wind power has already been industrialized,and it has low cost and wide application.Floating offshore wind power is under development by countries worldwide,but it has high cost and is still in the development stage from basic research to verification experiment.Europe is leading the world in offshore wind power capacity and technology,but the market capacity for development is not sufficient,so it is extremely necessary to expand overseas.China has a good resource base for offshore wind power development,but its offshore wind power capacity was 2.8 GW in 2017,only accounting for 1.48% of the total wind power capacity.It is recommended that China should strengthen its cooperation with Europe to accelerate the development of offshore wind power.
Wind power accounts for 16% of the world′s renewable energy generation.Although started late,offshore wind power has been developing rapidly all over the world in recent years due to its stability and high power generation.In 2017,the world′s cumulative offshore wind power capacity was 18.8 MW,and the cumulative capacity of five countries in Europe including the UK,Germany,Denmark,the Netherlands and Belgium accounted for 82.2% of the world′s total.The offshore wind power capacity in Europe was increased by 3.148 GW in 2017.Accumulated by country,the offshore wind power capacity in the UK,Germany,China,Denmark and the Netherlands is 6.8 GW,5.4 GW,2.8 GW,1.3 GW and 1.1 GW respectively.Offshore wind power can be divided into fixed offshore wind power and floating offshore wind power.Fixed offshore wind power has already been industrialized,and it has low cost and wide application.Floating offshore wind power is under development by countries worldwide,but it has high cost and is still in the development stage from basic research to verification experiment.Europe is leading the world in offshore wind power capacity and technology,but the market capacity for development is not sufficient,so it is extremely necessary to expand overseas.China has a good resource base for offshore wind power development,but its offshore wind power capacity was 2.8 GW in 2017,only accounting for 1.48% of the total wind power capacity.It is recommended that China should strengthen its cooperation with Europe to accelerate the development of offshore wind power.
引文
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