面向海洋调查与风险评估的冰情数据应用需求分析
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摘要
本文对冰情监测数据在海冰条件调查、海冰监测、风险评估与预警中的工作需求进行了论述,并从标准规范、技术要求等角度对具体海冰监测要素的内容进行了汇总。面向海洋调查的传统海冰监测主要目的是获取冰情及环境要素数据,开展不同时空尺度的冰情演变规律分析及预测,为用海规划和工程海冰条件确定提供依据。通过2部海洋调查国家标准,以及涉及风电、港口、核电、船舶、石油、桥梁等涉及6个行业6类工程的9部国内外典型标准对比分析,归纳了海冰调查对于冰情监测的要素性需求。对于近年逐渐兴起的海冰风险评估和监测预警的新需求,结合行业内的试行规范和海冰灾害机理,分别分析了区域综合体和产业经济体两类目标的冰情监测需求。面向冰情监测的不同需求可为海冰监测体系发展提供新的需求。
The requirements for sea ice monitoring data during environment investigation,risk assessment and early warning are discussed,and sea ice factors were summarized based on standards and technical requirements. Conventional ocean investigation mainly contained sea ice factors of large scale,for the purposed of analysis,prediction and design of sea ice condition. Two national standards and nine occupation standards were analyzed to list requirement for sea ice condition factors,which covered wind power,nuclear power,ports,ships,oil exploitation and bridges. Current demand for sea ice risk assessment and early warning were proposed based on the trial standards and risk mechanism. The new demands of sea ice monitoring can drive the technological development of sea ice monitoring system.
The requirements for sea ice monitoring data during environment investigation,risk assessment and early warning are discussed,and sea ice factors were summarized based on standards and technical requirements. Conventional ocean investigation mainly contained sea ice factors of large scale,for the purposed of analysis,prediction and design of sea ice condition. Two national standards and nine occupation standards were analyzed to list requirement for sea ice condition factors,which covered wind power,nuclear power,ports,ships,oil exploitation and bridges. Current demand for sea ice risk assessment and early warning were proposed based on the trial standards and risk mechanism. The new demands of sea ice monitoring can drive the technological development of sea ice monitoring system.
引文
[1]包澄澜.海洋灾害及预报[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.
[2]邓树奇.渤海海冰灾害及其预防概况[J].灾害学,1986(1):80.
[3]EICKEN H,MAHONEY A R.Sea ice:Hazards,risks,and implications for disasters[M]//ELLIS J T,SHERMAN D J,SHROD-ER JR J F.Coastal and Marine Hazards,Risks,and Disasters.Amsterdam:Elsevier,2015:381-401.
[4]李志军.论渤海海冰特点及冰区溢油清理的难度[J].中国海洋平台,2000,15(5):20-23.
[5]季顺迎,岳前进.工程海冰数值模型及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[6]国巧真,顾卫,李京,等,基于遥感数据的渤海海冰灾害风险研究[J].灾害学,2008,23(2):10-14,18.
[7]袁本坤,曹丛华,江崇波,等.我国海冰灾害风险评估和区划研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(2):42-46.
[8]LOSET S,SHKHINEK K N,GUDMESTAD O T,et al.Actions from ice on Arctic offshore and coastal structures[M].PUBLISH-ER“LAN”,St.Petersburg,Russia,2006.
[9]YUE Q J,GUO F W,KRNT.Dynamic ice forces of slender vertical structures due to ice crushing[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2009,56(2/3):77-83.
[10]QU Y,YUE Q J,BI X J,et al.A random ice force model for narrow conical structures[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2006,45(3):148-157.
[11]TIAN Y F,HUANG Y.The dynamic ice loads on conical structures[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,59:37-46.
[12]XU N,YUE Q J,BI X J,et al.Experimental study of dynamic conical ice force[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2015,120:21-29.
[13]GB/T 12763.2-2007,海洋调查规范第2部分:海洋水文观测[S].
[14]GB/T 14914-2006,海滨观测规范[S].
[15]HY/T 047-2016,工程海冰技术规范[S].
[16]SY/T 10031-2000,寒冷条件下结构和海管规划、设计和建造的推荐作法[S].
[17]JTS 144-4-2008,港口工程初步设计文件编制规定[S].
[18]JTG D60-2015,公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].
[19]NB/T 25002-2011,核电厂海工构筑物设计规范[S].
[20]Q/HSn 3000-2002,中国海海冰条件及应用规定[S].
[21]ISO 19906-2010,Petroleum and natural gas industries-Arctic offshore structures[S].
[22]DNV-OS-J101,Design of offshore wind turbine structures[S].
[23]GB/T 19721.3-2006,海洋预报和警报发布第3部分:海冰预报和警报发布[S].
[24]海冰灾害风险评估和区划技术导则[S].
[25]沿海大型工程海洋灾害风险评价技术导则[S].
[26]沿海大型工程海洋灾害风险排查技术规程[S].
[27]江崇波,江帆.渤海海冰灾害监测预警及防灾减灾的思考[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(2):20-22.
[28]ZHANG N,WU Y S,ZHANG Q H.Forecasting the evolution of the sea ice in the Liaodong Bay using meteorological data[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2016,125:21-30.
[29]周瑶,王静爱.自然灾害脆弱性曲线研究进展[J].地球科学进展.2012,27(4):435-442.
[2]邓树奇.渤海海冰灾害及其预防概况[J].灾害学,1986(1):80.
[3]EICKEN H,MAHONEY A R.Sea ice:Hazards,risks,and implications for disasters[M]//ELLIS J T,SHERMAN D J,SHROD-ER JR J F.Coastal and Marine Hazards,Risks,and Disasters.Amsterdam:Elsevier,2015:381-401.
[4]李志军.论渤海海冰特点及冰区溢油清理的难度[J].中国海洋平台,2000,15(5):20-23.
[5]季顺迎,岳前进.工程海冰数值模型及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[6]国巧真,顾卫,李京,等,基于遥感数据的渤海海冰灾害风险研究[J].灾害学,2008,23(2):10-14,18.
[7]袁本坤,曹丛华,江崇波,等.我国海冰灾害风险评估和区划研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(2):42-46.
[8]LOSET S,SHKHINEK K N,GUDMESTAD O T,et al.Actions from ice on Arctic offshore and coastal structures[M].PUBLISH-ER“LAN”,St.Petersburg,Russia,2006.
[9]YUE Q J,GUO F W,KRNT.Dynamic ice forces of slender vertical structures due to ice crushing[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2009,56(2/3):77-83.
[10]QU Y,YUE Q J,BI X J,et al.A random ice force model for narrow conical structures[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2006,45(3):148-157.
[11]TIAN Y F,HUANG Y.The dynamic ice loads on conical structures[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,59:37-46.
[12]XU N,YUE Q J,BI X J,et al.Experimental study of dynamic conical ice force[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2015,120:21-29.
[13]GB/T 12763.2-2007,海洋调查规范第2部分:海洋水文观测[S].
[14]GB/T 14914-2006,海滨观测规范[S].
[15]HY/T 047-2016,工程海冰技术规范[S].
[16]SY/T 10031-2000,寒冷条件下结构和海管规划、设计和建造的推荐作法[S].
[17]JTS 144-4-2008,港口工程初步设计文件编制规定[S].
[18]JTG D60-2015,公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].
[19]NB/T 25002-2011,核电厂海工构筑物设计规范[S].
[20]Q/HSn 3000-2002,中国海海冰条件及应用规定[S].
[21]ISO 19906-2010,Petroleum and natural gas industries-Arctic offshore structures[S].
[22]DNV-OS-J101,Design of offshore wind turbine structures[S].
[23]GB/T 19721.3-2006,海洋预报和警报发布第3部分:海冰预报和警报发布[S].
[24]海冰灾害风险评估和区划技术导则[S].
[25]沿海大型工程海洋灾害风险评价技术导则[S].
[26]沿海大型工程海洋灾害风险排查技术规程[S].
[27]江崇波,江帆.渤海海冰灾害监测预警及防灾减灾的思考[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(2):20-22.
[28]ZHANG N,WU Y S,ZHANG Q H.Forecasting the evolution of the sea ice in the Liaodong Bay using meteorological data[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2016,125:21-30.
[29]周瑶,王静爱.自然灾害脆弱性曲线研究进展[J].地球科学进展.2012,27(4):435-442.