18.5ka以来冲绳海槽中部沉积物碎屑态来源和古环境变化的常量元素记录
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摘要
为进一步了解冲绳海槽中部18.5ka以来柱状沉积物碎屑态的常量元素组成特征及其古环境指示意义,对KX12-3孔进行了151个样品中碎屑态的提取及其常量元素和粒度综合分析。结果表明:主要常量元素含量表现出明显的两段式垂向变化特征,底部的Z1阶段(492~96cm)形成于末次冰消期及早全新世(18.5~9.6ka),中国大陆河流(长江、黄河)物质输入是沉积物中陆源碎屑物质的主要来源;而顶部的Z2阶段(96~0cm)则形成于早全新世以来(<9.6ka),沉积物中的陆源碎屑物质仍以中国大陆来源为主,台湾物质输入也有一定贡献。此外,岩心中还记录到了7.3ka时发生的K-Ah火山事件。常量元素相关性、R型因子及典型常量元素比值分析均表明主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受控于附近的陆源碎屑物质输入,热液活动和火山物质的影响较小。不同时期陆源碎屑物质对研究区的影响表现出明显的变化规律,并与海平面波动及黑潮的演化具有很好的耦合关系。此外,在5~3.5ka期间,KX12-3孔的Fe_2O_3、MgO、Fe/Ti、Mg/Ti值及粒度减小,这应该是由当时黑潮的减弱或"摆动"出冲绳海槽引起的。
Major elements and grain sizes for 151 detrital samples collected from the core KX12-3at the middle Okinawa Trough were studied for reconstruction of sediment provenance and paleoenvironment over the time of last 18.5ka.Upon the variations in major element compositions,the core is divided to two distinct depositional units,Segment 1(Z1;18.5-9.6ka)and Segment 2(Z2;<9.6ka).Deposits of the Z1(18.5-9.6ka)are dominated by terrigenous detrital sediments from large Chinese rivers(e.g.the Changjiang and the Huanghe).The detrital sediments of the Z2 have same provenances dominated by these Chinese rivers,but mixed with some fine-grained materials from Taiwan,which may have been transported to the study area by the Kuroshio Current.The K-Ah volcanic eruption happened at 7.3ka is also recorded in the core.Integrated study of correlation analyses,R-type factor,and major-element ratio show that the vertical change in major elements are mainly controlled by inputs of nearby terrestrial materials,whereas the contribution from hydrothermal activity and volcanism is little.In particular,the contribution of nearby terrestrial provenance shows an obvious trend which could be well correlated with the sea level fluctuation and the evolution of the Kuroshio Current.Furthermore,aprominent decline in Fe_2O_3、MgO、Fe/Ti、Mg/Ti values and finer grain size that occurred 5.0-3.5ka may be linked to a suppression of the Kuroshio Current,or the shifting out of the current from the study area.
Major elements and grain sizes for 151 detrital samples collected from the core KX12-3at the middle Okinawa Trough were studied for reconstruction of sediment provenance and paleoenvironment over the time of last 18.5ka.Upon the variations in major element compositions,the core is divided to two distinct depositional units,Segment 1(Z1;18.5-9.6ka)and Segment 2(Z2;<9.6ka).Deposits of the Z1(18.5-9.6ka)are dominated by terrigenous detrital sediments from large Chinese rivers(e.g.the Changjiang and the Huanghe).The detrital sediments of the Z2 have same provenances dominated by these Chinese rivers,but mixed with some fine-grained materials from Taiwan,which may have been transported to the study area by the Kuroshio Current.The K-Ah volcanic eruption happened at 7.3ka is also recorded in the core.Integrated study of correlation analyses,R-type factor,and major-element ratio show that the vertical change in major elements are mainly controlled by inputs of nearby terrestrial materials,whereas the contribution from hydrothermal activity and volcanism is little.In particular,the contribution of nearby terrestrial provenance shows an obvious trend which could be well correlated with the sea level fluctuation and the evolution of the Kuroshio Current.Furthermore,aprominent decline in Fe_2O_3、MgO、Fe/Ti、Mg/Ti values and finer grain size that occurred 5.0-3.5ka may be linked to a suppression of the Kuroshio Current,or the shifting out of the current from the study area.
引文
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[39]Li C,Chen Q,Zhang J,et al.Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the Yangtze Delta during the Late Quaternary[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18(4):453-469.
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[42]Xiang R,Sun Y,Li T,et al.Paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation:Evidence from the sedimentation rate and planktonic foraminiferal record[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2007,243(3):378-393.
[43]Yancheva G,Nowaczyk N R,Mingram J,et al.Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon[J].Nature,2007,445(7123):74-77.
[44]Wang P,Clemens S,Beaufort L,et al.Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon system:state of the art and outstanding issues[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2005,24(5):595-629.
[45]Steinke S,Hanebuth T J J,Vogt C,et al.Sea level induced variations in clay mineral composition in the southwestern South China Sea over the past 17,000yr[J].Marine Geology,2008,250(3):199-210.
[46]李军,赵京涛.冲绳海槽中部沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及其在古环境变化研究的应用[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(12):1333-1342.
[47]Chen S,Li T,Tang Z,et al.Response of the northwestern Pacific upper waterδ13C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(24):2628-2634.
[48]Li C,Wang P,Sun H,et al.Late Quaternary incised-valley fill of the Yangtze delta(China):its stratigraphic framework and evolution[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,152(1):133-158.
[49]Saito Y,Wei H,Zhou Y,et al.Delta progradation and chenier formation in the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18(4):489-497.
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[2]Tada R,Murray R W,Zarikian C A A,et al.Asian Monsoon:Onset and evolution of millennial-scale variability of Asian monsoon and its possible relation with Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau uplift[R].Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Preliminary Reports,2014:346.
[3]Katayama H,Watanabe Y.The Huanghe and Changjiang contribution to seasonal variability in terrigenous particulate load to the Okinawa Trough[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2003,50(2):475-485.
[4]Wei K Y.Leg 195synthesis:site 1202-late quaternary sedimentation and paleoceanography in the southern Okinawa Trough[C]∥Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,scientific results.College Station,TX(Ocean Drilling Program),2006,195(3):1-31.
[5]Diekmann B,Hofmann J,Henrich R,et al.Detrital sediment supply in the southern Okinawa Trough and its relation to sea-level and Kuroshio dynamics during the late Quaternary[J].Marine Geology,2008,255(1):83-95.
[6]Dou Y,Yang S,Liu Z,et al.Clay mineral evolution in the central Okinawa Trough since 28ka:Implications for sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental change[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2010,288(1):108-117.
[7]Xu Z,Li T,Chang F,et al.Sediment provenance discrimination in northern Okinawa Trough during the last 24ka and paleoenvironmental implication:rare earth elements evidence[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(11):1184-1190.
[8]Wang J,Li A,Xu K,et al.Clay mineral and grain size studies of sediment provenances and paleoenvironment evolution in the middle Okinawa Trough since 17ka[J].Marine Geology,2015,366:49-61.
[9]Li T,Liu Z,Hall M A,et al.Heinrich event imprints in the Okinawa Trough:evidence from oxygen isotope and planktonic foraminifera[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2001,176(1):133-146.
[10]UjiiéY,UjiiéH,Taira A,et al.Spatial and temporal variability of surface water in the Kuroshio source region,Pacific Ocean,over the past 21,000years:evidence from planktonic foraminifera[J].Marine Micropaleontology,2003,49(4):335-364.
[11]UjiiéH,Hatakeyama Y,Gu X X,et al.Upward decrease of organic C/N ratios in the Okinawa Trough cores:proxy for tracing the post-glacial retreat of the continental shore line[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2001,165(1):129-140.
[12]Jian Z,Yang S,Wang P,et al.Shifts of the Kuroshio axis over the last 20000years[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(12):1053-1056.
[13]Jian Z,Wang P,Saito Y,et al.Holocene variability of the Kuroshio current in the Okinawa Trough,northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2000,184(1):305-319.
[14]Li T,Nan Q,Jiang B,et al.Formation and evolution of the modern warm current system in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea since the last deglaciation[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2009,27:237-249.
[15]Youn J,Kim T J.Geochemical composition and provenance of muddy shelf deposits in the East China Sea[J].Quaternary International,2011,230(1):3-12.
[16]Zheng Z,Yang S,Deng Y,et al.Pollen record of the past60ka BP in the Middle Okinawa Trough:Terrestrial provenance and reconstruction of the paleoenvironment[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2011,307(1):285-300.
[17]Chen H,Chang Y,Kao S,et al.Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of sediment-source region changes in the Okinawa Trough during the past 100ka(IMAGES core MD012404)[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(6):1238-1249.
[18]Jiang F,Li A,Li T.Sediment pathway of the East China Sea inferred from an R-mode factor analysis of surface sediments in the Okinawa Trough[J].Quaternary International,2011,230(1):13-20.
[19]Xu Z,Li T,Nan Q,et al.Paleoenvironmental changes in the northern Okinawa trough since 25ka BP:REE and organic carbon evidence[J].Journal of Earth Science,2012,23(3):297-310.
[20]Honda M C,Kusakabe M,Nakabayashi S,et al.Radiocarbon of sediment trap samples from the Okinawa trough:lateral transport of 14C-poor sediment from the continental slope[J].Marine Chemistry,2000,68(3):231-247.
[21]Oguri K,Matsumoto E,Yamada M,et al.Sediment accumulation rates and budgets of depositing particles of the East China Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2003,50(2):513-528.
[22]Karageorgis A P,Anagnostou C L,Kaberi H.Geochemistry and mineralogy of the NW Aegean Sea surface sediments:implications for river runoff and anthropogenic impact[J].Applied Geochemistry,2005,20(1):69-88.
[23]束振华,杨守业,窦衍光,等.冲绳海槽DGKS9604孔酸不溶相中常量元素组成及环境指示意义[J].热带地理,2009,29(3):236-240.
[24]Lim D,Xu Z,Choi J,et al.Paleoceanographic changes in the Ulleung Basin,East(Japan)Sea,during the last 20,000years:evidence from variations in element composition of core sediments[J].Progress in Oceanography,2011,88(1):101-115.
[25]Yang S,Jung H,Lim D,et al.A review on the provenance discrimination of sediments in the Yellow Sea[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2003,63(1):93-120.
[26]Xu H,Chang F,Luo Y,et al.Palaeoenvironmental changes from pollen record in deep sea core PC-1from northern Okinawa Trough,East China Sea during the past 24ka[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(20):3739-3748.
[27]Eggimann D W,Manheim F T,Betzer P R.Dissolution and analysis of amorphous silica in marine sediments[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1980,50(1):215-225.
[28]Bayon G,German C R,Boella R M,et al.An improved method for extracting marine sediment fractions and its application to Sr and Nd is otopic analysis[J].Chemical Geology,2002,187(3):179-199.
[29]Xu Z,Li T,Clift P,et al.Sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough during the last 18.5ky:Clay mineral and geochemical evidence[J].Quaternary International,2016,http:∥dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.07.058.
[30]Wei G,Liu Y,Li X,et al.Major and trace element variations of the sediments at ODP Site 1144,South China Sea,during the last 230ka and their paleoclimate implications[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2004,212(3):331-342.
[31]Yang S,Jung H S,Li C.Two unique weathering regimes in the Changjiang and Huanghe drainage basins:geochemical evidence from river sediments[J].Sedimentary Geology,2004,164(1):19-34.
[32]Selvaraj K,Chen C T A.Moderate chemical weathering of subtropical Taiwan:constraints from solid-phase geochemistry of sediments and sedimentary rocks[J].The Journal of Geology,2006,114(1):101-116.
[33]孟宪伟,杜德文,刘焱光,等.冲绳海槽近3.5万年来陆源物质沉积通量及其对气候变化的响应[J].海洋学报,2007,29(5):74-80.
[34]Dou Y,Yang S,Liu Z,et al.Provenance discrimination of siliciclastic sediments in the middle Okinawa Trough since 30ka:Constraints from rare earth element compositions[J].Marine Geology,2010,275(1):212-220.
[35]Lambeck K,Yokoyama Y,Purcell T.Into and out of the Last Glacial Maximum:sea-level change during Oxygen Isotope Stages 3and 2[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2002,21(1):343-360.
[36]Liu J P,Milliman J D,Gao S,et al.Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta,North Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2004,209(1):45-67.
[37]Wang Y,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.Millennial-and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000years[J].Nature,2008,451(7182):1090-1093.
[38]Saito Y,Katayama H,Ikehara K,et al.Transgressive and highstand systems tracts and post-glacial transgression,the East China Sea[J].Sedimentary Geology,1998,122(1):217-232.
[39]Li C,Chen Q,Zhang J,et al.Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the Yangtze Delta during the Late Quaternary[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18(4):453-469.
[40]Li G,Liu Y,Yang Z,et al.Ancient Changjiang channel system in the East China Sea continental shelf during the last glaciation[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2005,48(11):1972-1978.
[41]徐兆凯,常凤鸣,李铁刚,等.24ka来冲绳海槽北部沉积物来源的高分辨率常量元素记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(4):73-82.
[42]Xiang R,Sun Y,Li T,et al.Paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation:Evidence from the sedimentation rate and planktonic foraminiferal record[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2007,243(3):378-393.
[43]Yancheva G,Nowaczyk N R,Mingram J,et al.Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon[J].Nature,2007,445(7123):74-77.
[44]Wang P,Clemens S,Beaufort L,et al.Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon system:state of the art and outstanding issues[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2005,24(5):595-629.
[45]Steinke S,Hanebuth T J J,Vogt C,et al.Sea level induced variations in clay mineral composition in the southwestern South China Sea over the past 17,000yr[J].Marine Geology,2008,250(3):199-210.
[46]李军,赵京涛.冲绳海槽中部沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及其在古环境变化研究的应用[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(12):1333-1342.
[47]Chen S,Li T,Tang Z,et al.Response of the northwestern Pacific upper waterδ13C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(24):2628-2634.
[48]Li C,Wang P,Sun H,et al.Late Quaternary incised-valley fill of the Yangtze delta(China):its stratigraphic framework and evolution[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,152(1):133-158.
[49]Saito Y,Wei H,Zhou Y,et al.Delta progradation and chenier formation in the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18(4):489-497.
[50]翟世奎,于增慧,杜同军.冲绳海槽中部现代海底热液活动在沉积物中的元素地球化学记录[J].海洋学报,2007,29(1):58-65.