塔里木盆地英买2地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层水化学特征及储层响应
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摘要
分析了塔里木盆地塔北隆起西段英买2地区19口井奥陶系地层水矿化度、离子组成、离子比例系数与现今海水的差异,总结了储层发育类型对地层水化学特征的响应特征,结果表明:英买2地区奥陶系地层封闭性较好,水岩相互作用强烈,HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)随着pH值增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,钠氯系数随着pH值增大而增大,变质系数呈现相反的趋势。地层水化学特征与储层发育类型有密切关系,在构造翼部的双向断裂控制区,相对孤立的溶蚀洞穴经历了相对较强的溶蚀作用,pH值相对较高,Ca~(2+)因被沉淀而含量相对较低,主要分布洞穴型优质储层。地层水Ca~(2+)高值区主要沿着构造高部位NNE向大型走滑断裂及两侧分布,对应pH值低值区和裂缝-孔洞型储层,活跃的H~+及构造特征使流动的地层水加速了对碳酸盐岩的溶解。英买2地区奥陶系地层水中的Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-及钠氯系数、变质系数均以pH值为核心具有较好的相互关系,进而能够反映储层类型,这一研究结果对塔北隆起碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的优势发育区预测具有一定的指导作用。
The differences on salinity,ion composition and ion ratio coefficient of formation water from 19 wells in the Ordovician of YM2 area in the western Northern Tarim uplift of Tarim basin and that of the current seawater were analyzed,and the response characteristics of reservoir development types to chemical features of formation water were summarized.The results show that the Ordovician in the YM2 area exhibit good sealing properties and strong water-rock interaction;HCO_3~- and Ca~(2+) present the trends of increasing with pH value firstly and then decreasing;the sodium chloride coefficient increases with increasing of pH value,and the metamorphic coefficient takes an opposite trend.The chemical characteristics of formation water are closely related to the types of reservoir development.For the bi-directional fracture control zone in the tectonic wing,the relatively isolated Karst caves have undergone relatively strong dissolution,the pH value is relatively high,thecontent of Ca~(2+) is relatively low due to precipitation,and the cave-type high-quality reservoirs are dominant.The high formation water Ca~(2+) zones are mainly distributed along the large NNE trend strike-slip fault and its both sides in structural high,corresponding to the low pH value areas and the fracture-cavern type reservoirs;the active H~+ and structural features accelerate the flowing of formation water,which facilitates the dissolution of carbonate rock.The Ca~(2+) ,HCO_3~-,sodium chloride coefficient,and the metamorphic coefficient in the formation water of Ordovician in YM2 area have a good correlation with the pH value,which can further reflect the reservoir types.The results of this study can provide guidance for prediction of the dominant developmental zone of the carbonate Karst reservoir in the Northern Tarim uplift.
The differences on salinity,ion composition and ion ratio coefficient of formation water from 19 wells in the Ordovician of YM2 area in the western Northern Tarim uplift of Tarim basin and that of the current seawater were analyzed,and the response characteristics of reservoir development types to chemical features of formation water were summarized.The results show that the Ordovician in the YM2 area exhibit good sealing properties and strong water-rock interaction;HCO_3~- and Ca~(2+) present the trends of increasing with pH value firstly and then decreasing;the sodium chloride coefficient increases with increasing of pH value,and the metamorphic coefficient takes an opposite trend.The chemical characteristics of formation water are closely related to the types of reservoir development.For the bi-directional fracture control zone in the tectonic wing,the relatively isolated Karst caves have undergone relatively strong dissolution,the pH value is relatively high,thecontent of Ca~(2+) is relatively low due to precipitation,and the cave-type high-quality reservoirs are dominant.The high formation water Ca~(2+) zones are mainly distributed along the large NNE trend strike-slip fault and its both sides in structural high,corresponding to the low pH value areas and the fracture-cavern type reservoirs;the active H~+ and structural features accelerate the flowing of formation water,which facilitates the dissolution of carbonate rock.The Ca~(2+) ,HCO_3~-,sodium chloride coefficient,and the metamorphic coefficient in the formation water of Ordovician in YM2 area have a good correlation with the pH value,which can further reflect the reservoir types.The results of this study can provide guidance for prediction of the dominant developmental zone of the carbonate Karst reservoir in the Northern Tarim uplift.
引文
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[18]高林.碳酸盐岩成岩史及其对储层的控制作用:以普光气田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(6):733-739.GAO Lin.Diagenesis of carbonate rocks and their control over reservoirs:an example from the Puguang gas field[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(6):733-739.
[19]HANOR J S.Origin of saline fluids in sedimentary basins[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1994,78(1):151-174.
[20]EUGSTER H P,JONES B F.Behavior of major solutes during closed-basin brine evolution[J].American Journal of Science,1979,279(6):609-631.
[21]周杰,吕修祥,吴昊,等.海相碳酸盐岩地层水对油气的响应特征:以塔中北斜坡奥陶系为例[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(17):188-192.ZHOU Jie,LV Xiuxiang,WU Hao,et al.Responses of marine carbonate formation water to oil and gas:taking Ordovician of Tazhong Northern Slope as an example[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(17):188-192.
[2]曾溅辉,吴琼,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区地层水化学特征及其石油地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):223-229.ZENG Jianhui,WU Qiong,YANG Haijun,et al.Chemical characteristics of formation water in Tazhong area of the Tarim basin and their petroleum geological significance[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(2):223-229.
[3]李明,罗凯声.地层水资料在油气勘探中的应用[J].新疆地质,2004,22(3):304-307.LI Ming,LUO Kaisheng.Application of formation water information in oil&gas exploration[J].Xinjiang Geology,2004,22(3):304-307.
[4]刘大永,陈键,彭平安,等.轮南地区碳酸盐岩油气藏类型对地层水特征的控制作用[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):367-371.LIU Dayong,CHEN Jian,PENG Pingan,et al.The control of reservoir types in Lunnan oilfield on characters of formation water[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):367-371.
[5]范明,蒋小琼,刘伟新,等.不同温度条件下CO2水溶液对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):825-830.FAN Ming,JIANG Xiaoqiong,LIU Weixin,et al.Dissolution of carbonate rock in CO2 solution under the different temperatures[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(6):825-830.
[6]于炳松,林畅松.油气储层埋藏成岩过程中的地球化学热力学[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):896-903.YU Bingsong,LIN Changsong.Geochemical thermodynamics of diagenesis in reservoirs for oil and gas[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):896-903.
[7]GONG Qingjie,DENG Jun,WANG Qingfei,et al.Experimental determination of calcite dissolution rates and equilibrium concentrations in deionized water approaching calcite equilibrium[J].Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(4):402-411.
[8]佘敏,寿建峰,沈安江,等.碳酸盐岩溶蚀规律与孔隙演化实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):564-572.SHE Min,SHOU Jianfeng,SHEN Anjiang,et al.Experimental simulation of dissolution law and porosity evolution of carbonate rock[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):564-572.
[9]陈培元,段晓梦,郭丽娜,等.伊拉克米桑油田群中白垩统Mishrif组岩溶特征及作用模式[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(2):46-52.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.02.006.CHEN Peiyuan,DUAN Xiaomeng,GUO Lina,et al.Karst characteristics and karstification model in the Mid-Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of Missan oilfields,Iraq[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(2):46-52.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.02.006.
[10]乔占峰,沈安江,邹伟宏,等.断裂控制的非暴露型大气水岩溶作用模式:以塔北英买2构造奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层为例[J].地质学报,2011,85(12):2070-2083.QIAO Zhanfeng,SHEN Anjiang,ZOU Weihong,et al.A fault-controlled non-exposed meteric karstification:a case study of Ordovician carbonate reservoir at Structure YM2 in northern Tarim basin,northwestern China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(12):2070-2083.
[11]姜华,张艳秋,潘文庆,等.塔北隆起英买2井区碳酸盐岩储层特征及岩溶模式[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):232-238.JIANG Hua,ZHANG Yanqiu,PAN Wenqing,et al Carbonate reservoir features and karst mode in the Yingmai2 well field,Tabei uplift[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):232-238.
[12]鲍志东,齐跃春,金之钧,等.海平面波动中的岩溶响应:以塔里木盆地牙哈-英买力地区下古生界为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):205-211.BAO Zhidong,QI Yuechun,JIN Zhijun,et al.Karst development respondence to sea-level fluctuation:a case from the Tarim area in the early Paleozoic[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(2):205-211.
[13]吴茂炳,王毅,郑孟林,等.塔中地区奥陶纪碳酸盐岩热液岩溶及其对储层的影响[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(增刊1):83-92.
[14]崔欢,关平,简星.塔北西部岩浆热液-地层水流体系统及碳酸盐岩储层的成岩作用响应[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(3):433-443.CUI Huan,GUAN Ping,JIAN Xing.Magmatic hydrothermal fluids-formation water compound system and diagenetic response of carbonate reservoir rocks in northern Tarim basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2012,48(3):433-443.
[15]李素梅,庞雄奇,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地英买力地区原油地球化学特征与族群划分[J].现代地质,2010,24(4):643-653.LI Sumei,PANG Xiongqi,YANG Haijun,et al.Geochemical characteristics and families of the crude oil in the Yingmaili oilfield,Tarim basin[J].Geoscience,2010,24(4):643-653.
[16]徐国强,李国蓉,刘树根,等.塔里木盆地早海西期多期次风化壳岩溶洞穴层[J].地质学报,2005,79(4):557-568.XU Guoqiang,LI Guorong,LIU Shugen,et al.Multiple karst cave horizons in the early Hercynian weathering crust in the Tarim basin.[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(4):557-568.
[17]谭开俊,张帆,尹路,等.准噶尔盆地乌夏地区地层水与油气保存条件[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(1):36-39.TAN Kaijun,ZHANG Fan,YIN Lu,et al.Preservation conditions for formation water and hydrocarbon in Wuxia area,Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2012,34(1):36-39.
[18]高林.碳酸盐岩成岩史及其对储层的控制作用:以普光气田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(6):733-739.GAO Lin.Diagenesis of carbonate rocks and their control over reservoirs:an example from the Puguang gas field[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(6):733-739.
[19]HANOR J S.Origin of saline fluids in sedimentary basins[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1994,78(1):151-174.
[20]EUGSTER H P,JONES B F.Behavior of major solutes during closed-basin brine evolution[J].American Journal of Science,1979,279(6):609-631.
[21]周杰,吕修祥,吴昊,等.海相碳酸盐岩地层水对油气的响应特征:以塔中北斜坡奥陶系为例[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(17):188-192.ZHOU Jie,LV Xiuxiang,WU Hao,et al.Responses of marine carbonate formation water to oil and gas:taking Ordovician of Tazhong Northern Slope as an example[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(17):188-192.