超级贝氏体组织中的应力诱发相变研究
|
摘要
为了研究钢中超级贝氏体产生应力诱发相变对其组织和力学性能的影响,将60Mn2SiCr钢经完全奥氏体化后,在250℃～270℃盐浴炉中等温处理获得超级贝氏体,并通过在疲劳试验机上施加不同的拉-拉交变载荷来探讨其对实验钢力学性能的影响。使用SEM、TEM和XRD对样品分别进行组织形貌观察和相组成的确定。显微组织中部分残余奥氏体发生应力诱发相变,转变为孪晶马氏体,致使钢的强塑积提高近32.4%。结果表明:超级贝氏体中的部分残余奥氏体能够通过产生应力诱发相变改善钢的强韧性。
The effect of stress-induced transformation of super bainite on its structure and mechanical properties in steel was investigated. A typical super bainite microstructure was obtained in experimental steel 60 Mn2SiCr through a full austenitization process and subsequent isothermal treatment at 250 ℃～270 ℃ in a salt bath furnace. The effect of super bainite on the mechanical properties of experimental steel was discussed by applying different tension-tension alternating loads with a fatigue-testing machine. The microstructural morphology of the sample was observed, and the phase composition of the sample was ascertained through SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis. A portion of the residual austenite in the microstructure was transformed into twin martensite through stress-induced transformation under loading. Tensile strength and ductility increased by nearly 32.4%. Results showed that austenite retained in the super bainite can improve steel toughness by generating stress-induced phase transformation.
The effect of stress-induced transformation of super bainite on its structure and mechanical properties in steel was investigated. A typical super bainite microstructure was obtained in experimental steel 60 Mn2SiCr through a full austenitization process and subsequent isothermal treatment at 250 ℃～270 ℃ in a salt bath furnace. The effect of super bainite on the mechanical properties of experimental steel was discussed by applying different tension-tension alternating loads with a fatigue-testing machine. The microstructural morphology of the sample was observed, and the phase composition of the sample was ascertained through SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis. A portion of the residual austenite in the microstructure was transformed into twin martensite through stress-induced transformation under loading. Tensile strength and ductility increased by nearly 32.4%. Results showed that austenite retained in the super bainite can improve steel toughness by generating stress-induced phase transformation.
引文
[1] HAN Ying,WU Hua,LIU Cheng,et al.Microstructures and mechanical characteristics of a medium carbon super-bainitic steel after isothermal transformation[J].Journal of materials engineering and performance,2014,23(12):4230-4236.
[2] HASE K,GARCIA-MATEO C,BHADESHIA H K D H.Bimodal size-distribution of bainite plates[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2006,438-440:145-148.
[3] BHADESHIA H K D H.Comments on “Bainite formation kinetics in high carbon alloyed steel”[J].Scripta materialia,2008,59(12):1275-1276.
[4] BHADESHIA H K D H.Properties of fine-grained steels generated by displacive transformation[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2008,481-482:36-39.
[5] PODDER A S,BHADESHIA H K D H.Thermal stability of austenite retained in bainitic steels[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(7/8):2121-2128.
[6] SOLIMAN M,MOSTAFA H,EL-SABBAGH A S,et al.Low temperature bainite in steel with 0.26 wt% C[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(29/30):7706-7713.
[7] BHADESHIA H K D H.Bainitic bulk-nanocrystalline steel[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Structural Steels.Gyeongju,Korea,2006.
[8] CABALLERO F G,BHADESHIA H K D H.Very strong bainite[J].Current opinion in solid state and materials science,2004,8(3/4):251-257.
[9] BHADESHIA H K D H.Hard bainite[M]//HOWE J M,LAUGHLIN D E,LEE J K,et al.Solid-Solid Phase Transformations.Warrendale:TMS,2005:469-484.
[10] CABALLERO F G,SANTOFIMIA M J,GARCíA-MATEO C,et al.Theoretical design and advanced microstructure in super high strength steels[J].Materials & design,2009,30(6):2077-2083.
[11] 张宇光,赵爱民,赵征志,等.冷轧TRIP钢中残余奥氏体的热稳定性[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(4):66-70.ZHANG Yuguang,ZHAO Aimin,ZHAO Zhengzhi,et al.Thermal stability of retained austenite in TRIP-aided cold-rolled steel[J].Journal of mechanical engineering,2011,47(4):66-70.
[12] ZACKAY V F,BHANDARKAR M D,PARKER E R.The role of deformation-induced phase transformations in the plasticity of some iron-base alloys[M]//BURKE J J,WEISS V.Advances in Deformation Processing.Boston:Springer,1978:351-404.
[13] 吴化.低合金高强度高塑性复相钢材的成分设计[D].上海:东华大学,2007.WU Hua.Composition design of low alloy high strength and plasticity complex phases steels[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2007.
[14] WU Hua,LIU Cheng,ZHAO Zhenbo,et al.Design of air-cooled bainitic microalloyed steel for a heavy truck front axle beam[J].Materials & design,2006,27(8):651-656.
[15] YOOZBASHI M N,YAZDANI S.Mechanical properties of nanostructured,low temperature bainitic steel designed using a thermodynamic model[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(13/14):3200-3205.
[16] KRAUSS G.Steels:heat treatment and processing principles[M].Materials Park,OH:ASM International,1990.
[17] LUO Yi,PENG Jinmin,WANG Hongbin,et al.Effect of tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of a non-quenched bainitic steel[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(15):3433-3437.
[18] 杨福宝,白秉哲,刘东雨,等.无碳化物贝氏体/马氏体复相高强度钢的组织与性能[J].金属学报,2004,40(3):296-300.YANG Fubao,BAI Bingzhe,LIU Dongyu,et al.Microstructure and properties of a carbide-free bainite/martensite ultra-high strength steel[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2004,40(3):296-300.
[19] 郭明阳,吴化,修文翠,等.Q&P工艺对60Mn2SiCr钢中超级贝氏体组织转变的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2015,36(12):168-172.GUO Mingyang,WU Hua,XIU Wencui,et al.Effect of Q&P process on transformation of super-bainite microstructure in 60Mn2SiCr steel[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2015,36(12):168-172.
[20] LI Wansong,GAO Hongye,LI Zhongyi,et al.Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process[J].International journal of minerals,metallurgy,and materials,2016,23(3):303-313.
[21] MISRA A,SHARMA S,SANGAL S,et al.Critical isothermal temperature and optimum mechanical behaviour of high Si-containing bainitic steels[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2012,558:725-729.
[22] 范雄.金属X射线学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1989.FAN Xiong.Metallic X-ray physics[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1989.
[23] 蔡珣.材料科学与工程基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2010.CAI Xun.Fundamentals of materials science and engineering[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2010.
[24] 赵乃勤.合金固态相变[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2008.ZHAO Naiqin.Solid phase transformations in alloys[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2008.
[25] 刘云旭.金属热处理原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981.LIU Yunxu.Principles of metal heat treatment[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1981.
[26] STRINGFELLOW R G,PARKS D M,OLSON G B.A constitutive model for transformation plasticity accompanying strain-induced martensitic transformations in metastable austenitic steels[J].Acta metallurgica et materialia,1992,40(7):1703-1716.
[27] 高绪涛,赵爱民,赵征志,等.热轧TRIP钢残余奥氏体及其稳定性研究[J].材料工程,2011(11):39-43.GAO Xutao,ZHAO Aimin,ZHAO Zhengzhi,et al.Investigation of retained austenite and its stability in hot rolled TRIP steel[J].Materials engineering,2011(11):39-43.
[28] MANDAL D,GHOSH M,PAL J,et al.Effect of austempering treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-Si steel[J].Journal of materials science,2009,44(4):1069-1075.
[29] XIU Wencui,HAN Ying,LIU Cheng,et al.Cyclic stress induced phase transformation in super-bainitic microstructure[J].Chinese physics B,2017,26(3):038101.
[2] HASE K,GARCIA-MATEO C,BHADESHIA H K D H.Bimodal size-distribution of bainite plates[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2006,438-440:145-148.
[3] BHADESHIA H K D H.Comments on “Bainite formation kinetics in high carbon alloyed steel”[J].Scripta materialia,2008,59(12):1275-1276.
[4] BHADESHIA H K D H.Properties of fine-grained steels generated by displacive transformation[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2008,481-482:36-39.
[5] PODDER A S,BHADESHIA H K D H.Thermal stability of austenite retained in bainitic steels[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(7/8):2121-2128.
[6] SOLIMAN M,MOSTAFA H,EL-SABBAGH A S,et al.Low temperature bainite in steel with 0.26 wt% C[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(29/30):7706-7713.
[7] BHADESHIA H K D H.Bainitic bulk-nanocrystalline steel[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Structural Steels.Gyeongju,Korea,2006.
[8] CABALLERO F G,BHADESHIA H K D H.Very strong bainite[J].Current opinion in solid state and materials science,2004,8(3/4):251-257.
[9] BHADESHIA H K D H.Hard bainite[M]//HOWE J M,LAUGHLIN D E,LEE J K,et al.Solid-Solid Phase Transformations.Warrendale:TMS,2005:469-484.
[10] CABALLERO F G,SANTOFIMIA M J,GARCíA-MATEO C,et al.Theoretical design and advanced microstructure in super high strength steels[J].Materials & design,2009,30(6):2077-2083.
[11] 张宇光,赵爱民,赵征志,等.冷轧TRIP钢中残余奥氏体的热稳定性[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(4):66-70.ZHANG Yuguang,ZHAO Aimin,ZHAO Zhengzhi,et al.Thermal stability of retained austenite in TRIP-aided cold-rolled steel[J].Journal of mechanical engineering,2011,47(4):66-70.
[12] ZACKAY V F,BHANDARKAR M D,PARKER E R.The role of deformation-induced phase transformations in the plasticity of some iron-base alloys[M]//BURKE J J,WEISS V.Advances in Deformation Processing.Boston:Springer,1978:351-404.
[13] 吴化.低合金高强度高塑性复相钢材的成分设计[D].上海:东华大学,2007.WU Hua.Composition design of low alloy high strength and plasticity complex phases steels[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2007.
[14] WU Hua,LIU Cheng,ZHAO Zhenbo,et al.Design of air-cooled bainitic microalloyed steel for a heavy truck front axle beam[J].Materials & design,2006,27(8):651-656.
[15] YOOZBASHI M N,YAZDANI S.Mechanical properties of nanostructured,low temperature bainitic steel designed using a thermodynamic model[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(13/14):3200-3205.
[16] KRAUSS G.Steels:heat treatment and processing principles[M].Materials Park,OH:ASM International,1990.
[17] LUO Yi,PENG Jinmin,WANG Hongbin,et al.Effect of tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of a non-quenched bainitic steel[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2010,527(15):3433-3437.
[18] 杨福宝,白秉哲,刘东雨,等.无碳化物贝氏体/马氏体复相高强度钢的组织与性能[J].金属学报,2004,40(3):296-300.YANG Fubao,BAI Bingzhe,LIU Dongyu,et al.Microstructure and properties of a carbide-free bainite/martensite ultra-high strength steel[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2004,40(3):296-300.
[19] 郭明阳,吴化,修文翠,等.Q&P工艺对60Mn2SiCr钢中超级贝氏体组织转变的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2015,36(12):168-172.GUO Mingyang,WU Hua,XIU Wencui,et al.Effect of Q&P process on transformation of super-bainite microstructure in 60Mn2SiCr steel[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2015,36(12):168-172.
[20] LI Wansong,GAO Hongye,LI Zhongyi,et al.Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process[J].International journal of minerals,metallurgy,and materials,2016,23(3):303-313.
[21] MISRA A,SHARMA S,SANGAL S,et al.Critical isothermal temperature and optimum mechanical behaviour of high Si-containing bainitic steels[J].Materials science and engineering:A,2012,558:725-729.
[22] 范雄.金属X射线学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1989.FAN Xiong.Metallic X-ray physics[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1989.
[23] 蔡珣.材料科学与工程基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2010.CAI Xun.Fundamentals of materials science and engineering[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2010.
[24] 赵乃勤.合金固态相变[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2008.ZHAO Naiqin.Solid phase transformations in alloys[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2008.
[25] 刘云旭.金属热处理原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981.LIU Yunxu.Principles of metal heat treatment[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1981.
[26] STRINGFELLOW R G,PARKS D M,OLSON G B.A constitutive model for transformation plasticity accompanying strain-induced martensitic transformations in metastable austenitic steels[J].Acta metallurgica et materialia,1992,40(7):1703-1716.
[27] 高绪涛,赵爱民,赵征志,等.热轧TRIP钢残余奥氏体及其稳定性研究[J].材料工程,2011(11):39-43.GAO Xutao,ZHAO Aimin,ZHAO Zhengzhi,et al.Investigation of retained austenite and its stability in hot rolled TRIP steel[J].Materials engineering,2011(11):39-43.
[28] MANDAL D,GHOSH M,PAL J,et al.Effect of austempering treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-Si steel[J].Journal of materials science,2009,44(4):1069-1075.
[29] XIU Wencui,HAN Ying,LIU Cheng,et al.Cyclic stress induced phase transformation in super-bainitic microstructure[J].Chinese physics B,2017,26(3):038101.