典型海水淡化工艺的生命周期评价
|
摘要
对以反渗透和低温多效蒸馏为主体工艺的海水淡化厂,从其基础设施建设阶段到运行阶段所造成的环境影响开展了生命周期评价。结果表明:反渗透和低温多效蒸馏工艺均在淡化处理阶段产生的环境负荷最大,分别占总体的70%和60%,并且在酸化、海洋水生生态毒性、全球变暖和光化学氧化环境指标上贡献显著。低温多效蒸馏工艺除在以化学药剂投加量为影响因子的非生物资源耗竭,及臭氧层损耗指标上的贡献值小于反渗透工艺外,在其他环境指标上的贡献值均较高于反渗透。总体来说,能源消耗是导致淡化工艺高环境负荷的主要影响因子,反渗透工艺具有比低温多效蒸馏工艺耗能更低更具环境效益,且兼具出水水质高、占地小、效率高等优点,是未来海水淡化发展的趋势所在。
A life cycle assessment was conducted to study the environment impact of a desalination plant with reverse osmosis and low temperature-multiple effect distillation as major technologies from its infrastructure construction to operation. The results showed that two processes of reverse osmosis and low temperature-multiple effect distillation had the maximum environmental load in the desalination treatment stage,accounting for 70% and 60% of the total,respectively. In addition,they made great contribution to environmental indexes such as acidification potential,marine aquatic ecotoxicity,global warming potential and photochemical oxidation. Low temperature-multiple effect distillation technology had a lower influence on abiotic resource depletion whose impact factor was chemical agent input and ozone layer loss indexes than reverse osmosis,but its contribution value was larger than reverse osmosis for other environmental indexes. In general,energy consumption was the major impact factor for high environmental load of desalination process,and reverse osmosis would be the development trend of desalination due to its lower energy consumption,higher effluent quality,smaller space occupation and higher efficiency in the future.
A life cycle assessment was conducted to study the environment impact of a desalination plant with reverse osmosis and low temperature-multiple effect distillation as major technologies from its infrastructure construction to operation. The results showed that two processes of reverse osmosis and low temperature-multiple effect distillation had the maximum environmental load in the desalination treatment stage,accounting for 70% and 60% of the total,respectively. In addition,they made great contribution to environmental indexes such as acidification potential,marine aquatic ecotoxicity,global warming potential and photochemical oxidation. Low temperature-multiple effect distillation technology had a lower influence on abiotic resource depletion whose impact factor was chemical agent input and ozone layer loss indexes than reverse osmosis,but its contribution value was larger than reverse osmosis for other environmental indexes. In general,energy consumption was the major impact factor for high environmental load of desalination process,and reverse osmosis would be the development trend of desalination due to its lower energy consumption,higher effluent quality,smaller space occupation and higher efficiency in the future.
引文
[1]樊庆锌,敖红光,孟超.生命周期评价[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(6):177-180.
[2]赵晶晶,城市污水处理厂生命周期评价体系构建[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
[3]蔺智泉.海水淡化对海洋环境影响的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[4] Zhou J,Victor W C,Fane,A G. An improved life cycle impact assessment(LCIA)approach for assessing aquatic ecotoxic impact of brine disposal from seawater desalination plants[J].Desalination,2013,308(2):33-241.
[5] Maedeh P S,Mc Hugh A,Anda M,et al. Environmental life cycle assessment of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by renewable energy[J]. Renewable Energy,2014,67:53-58.
[6]齐春华,冯厚军.热法海水淡化前沿技术及其应用进展[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(24):34-38.
[7]高波,麻兴斌,孟庆才.提高海洋资源利用效率与海水淡化成本测算[J].山东社会科学,2012(4):67-70.
[8] Tarnacki K, Meneses M, et al. Environmental assessment of desalination process:reverse osmosis and Memstill[J].Desalination,2012,296:69-80.
[9]孙启宏,万年青,范与华.国外生命周期评价LCA研究综述[J].环境管理,2000,35(12):24-31.
[10]郑秀君,胡彬.我国生命周期评价(LCA)文献综述及国外最新研究进展[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(6):155-160.
[11]呼永锋,丁晓珏.海水淡化工艺设计与经济分析[J].山西建筑,2014,2(6):110-112.
[12]高从堦,周勇,刘立芬.反渗透海水淡化技术现状和展望[J].海洋技术学报,2016,35(1):1-14.
[13]郝青哲,史洋.沿海电厂海水淡化技术应用现状[J].东北电力技术,2014,35(11):52-56.
[14] Zhou J,Victor W C,Fane,A G. Life Cycle Assessment for desalination:a review on methodology feasibility and reliability[J].Water Resources,2014,61(15):210-223.
[15] Maedeh P. S,Adam M,Anda,M,et al. Comparative economic and environmental assessments of centralised and decentralised seawater desalination options[J]. Desalination,2015,376(16):25-34.
[16] Raluy R G,Serra L,Uche J. Life cycle assessment of desalination technologies integrated with renewable energies[J]. Desalination.2005,183(1/2/3):81-93.
[17] Munoz I,Fernandez A,Amadeo R. Reducing the environmental impacts of reverse osmosis desalination by using brackish groundwater resources[J]. Water Res,2008,42(3):801-811.
[2]赵晶晶,城市污水处理厂生命周期评价体系构建[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
[3]蔺智泉.海水淡化对海洋环境影响的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[4] Zhou J,Victor W C,Fane,A G. An improved life cycle impact assessment(LCIA)approach for assessing aquatic ecotoxic impact of brine disposal from seawater desalination plants[J].Desalination,2013,308(2):33-241.
[5] Maedeh P S,Mc Hugh A,Anda M,et al. Environmental life cycle assessment of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by renewable energy[J]. Renewable Energy,2014,67:53-58.
[6]齐春华,冯厚军.热法海水淡化前沿技术及其应用进展[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(24):34-38.
[7]高波,麻兴斌,孟庆才.提高海洋资源利用效率与海水淡化成本测算[J].山东社会科学,2012(4):67-70.
[8] Tarnacki K, Meneses M, et al. Environmental assessment of desalination process:reverse osmosis and Memstill[J].Desalination,2012,296:69-80.
[9]孙启宏,万年青,范与华.国外生命周期评价LCA研究综述[J].环境管理,2000,35(12):24-31.
[10]郑秀君,胡彬.我国生命周期评价(LCA)文献综述及国外最新研究进展[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(6):155-160.
[11]呼永锋,丁晓珏.海水淡化工艺设计与经济分析[J].山西建筑,2014,2(6):110-112.
[12]高从堦,周勇,刘立芬.反渗透海水淡化技术现状和展望[J].海洋技术学报,2016,35(1):1-14.
[13]郝青哲,史洋.沿海电厂海水淡化技术应用现状[J].东北电力技术,2014,35(11):52-56.
[14] Zhou J,Victor W C,Fane,A G. Life Cycle Assessment for desalination:a review on methodology feasibility and reliability[J].Water Resources,2014,61(15):210-223.
[15] Maedeh P. S,Adam M,Anda,M,et al. Comparative economic and environmental assessments of centralised and decentralised seawater desalination options[J]. Desalination,2015,376(16):25-34.
[16] Raluy R G,Serra L,Uche J. Life cycle assessment of desalination technologies integrated with renewable energies[J]. Desalination.2005,183(1/2/3):81-93.
[17] Munoz I,Fernandez A,Amadeo R. Reducing the environmental impacts of reverse osmosis desalination by using brackish groundwater resources[J]. Water Res,2008,42(3):801-811.