海水淡化浓海水排海对海洋环境影响分析
|
摘要
海水淡化已成为解决沿海地区淡水供给的重要途径之一,随着我国海水淡化产能的持续增加,有必要研究海水淡化工程产生的浓海水排海对海洋生态环境产生的影响。本文从海水淡化工艺特点出发,论述了海水淡化浓海水排海产生的热污染、高盐度、有机物和营养盐、重金属、酸度、余氯、溶解氧和排水机械卷载效应对海水水质、海洋生物和海洋生态环境产生的影响,并从浓海水排海选址设计和综合利用两个方面提出了预防和减轻其环境影响的措施。
Seawater desalination has become one of the important ways to solve the problem of fresh water supply in coastal areas.With the continuous increase of seawater desalination capacity in China,it is necessary to study the impact of concentrated seawater discharged from seawater desalination plant on marine ecological environment. In this paper,the effects of thermal pollution,high salinity,organic matter and nutrients,heavy metals,acidity,residual chlorine,dissolved oxygen and mechanical entrainment effects of seawater desalination on seawater quality,marine organisms and marine ecological environment are analyzed,The measures to prevent and mitigate the environmental impact are put forward from two aspects of design and comprehensive utilization.
Seawater desalination has become one of the important ways to solve the problem of fresh water supply in coastal areas.With the continuous increase of seawater desalination capacity in China,it is necessary to study the impact of concentrated seawater discharged from seawater desalination plant on marine ecological environment. In this paper,the effects of thermal pollution,high salinity,organic matter and nutrients,heavy metals,acidity,residual chlorine,dissolved oxygen and mechanical entrainment effects of seawater desalination on seawater quality,marine organisms and marine ecological environment are analyzed,The measures to prevent and mitigate the environmental impact are put forward from two aspects of design and comprehensive utilization.
引文
[1]郑智颖,李凤臣,李倩,等.海水淡化技术应用研究及发展现状[J].科学通报,2016,61(21):2344-2358.
[2]王宏涛,李保安,刘兵,等.海水淡化技术现状及新技术评述[J].盐业与化工,2014,43(6):1-4.
[3]郑晓英,王翔.三种主流的海水淡化工艺[J].净水技术,2016,35(6):111-115.
[4]仇汝臣,岳坤,王玉爽,等.海水淡化技术研究进展及展望[J]. 2017,37(9):49-51.
[5]国家海洋局. 2016年全国海水利用报告[EB/OL]. http://www. soa. gov. cn/zwgk/hygb/hykjnb_2186/201707/t20170719_57029. html. 2017-07-19.
[6]Alatiqi I,Ettouneya H,El-Dessouky H,et a1. Measurements of dynamic behavior of a multistage flash water desalination system[J]. Desalination,2004,160:233-251.
[7]彦华,李保安,张利.用膜蒸馏技术处理反渗透浓盐水工艺介绍[C].青岛:2012青岛国际脱盐大会,2012.
[8]马学虎,郝婷婷,兰忠,等.浓海水零排放技术研究进展[J].水处理技术,2015,41(10):31-41.
[9]GB3097-1997,中华人民共和国国家标准:海水水质标准[S].
[10]苗庆生,周良明,邓兆青,等.象山港电厂温排水的实测和数值模拟研究[J].海岸工程,2010,29(4):1-10.
[11]殷建平,王友绍,徐继荣,等.大亚湾温跃层形成及其对相关环境要素的影响[J].海洋通报,2006,25(4):1-8.
[12]黄伟,朱旭宇,曾江宁,等.氮磷比对浙江近岸浮游植物群落结构影响的实验研究[J].海洋学报,2012,34(5):128-138.
[13]黄晓琛,陈雪初,彭欣,等.滨海电厂温排水对海洋环境的影响研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(6):972-976.
[14]马胜伟,沈盎绿,沈新强.水温对不同鱼类的急性致死效应[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(4):298-303.
[15]曾江宁.滨海电厂温排水对亚热带海域生态影响的研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[16]马学虎,兰忠,王四芳,等.海水淡化浓盐水排放对环境的影响与零排放技术研究进展[J].化工进展,2011,30(1):233-242.
[17]黄逸君,陈全震,曾江宁.等.海水淡化排放的高盐废水对海洋生态环境的影响[J].海洋学研究,2009,27(3):103-110.
[18]Ruso Y D P,Carretero J A,Casalduero F G,et al. Spatial and temporal changes in infaunal communities inhabiting soft-bottoms affected by brine discharge[J]. Mar Environ Res,2007,64:492-503.
[19]徐华,艾春香,林琼武,等.盐度胁迫对锯缘青蟹体内腺苷三磷酸酶和磷酸酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(3):1173-1177.
[20] Kahn A E,Durako M J. Thalassia testudinum Seedling Responses to Changes in Salinity and Nitrogen Levels[J]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol,2006,335:1-12.
[21] Lizasoa J L S,Romero J,Ruiz J,et al. Salinity Tolerance of the Mediterranean Seagrass Posidonia Oceanica:Recommendations to Minimize the Impact of Brine Discharges from Desalination Plants[J]. Desalination,2008,221:602-607.
[22]Hall J L. Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxifieation and tolerance[J]. J. Exp. Bot.,2002,53:1-11.
[23]崔蕴霞,肖锦.铝盐絮凝剂及其环境效应[J].工业水处理,1998,18(3):6-9.
[24]姚波,席北斗,胡春明,等.铁限制对浮游植物生长和群落组成的影响研究综述[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):459-465.
[25]张锦峰,高学鲁,周凤霞,等.海洋生物及生态系统对海洋酸度的响应[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34:630-640.
[26]刘凤娇.浮游植物对海水酸度和盐度下降及石油烃污染相应机制研究[D].厦门.厦门大学,2016.
[27]张静,张振克,张云峰.海洋酸度及其对海洋生态系统的影响[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28:1-9.
[28] Zheng,F. Y.,Tu,T. X.,Liu,F J,et a1. Influence of acidification and eutrophication on physiological functions of Conticribra weissflogii and Prorocentrum donghaiense[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2016,181:11-21.
[29]曾江宁,陈全震,郑平,等.余氯对水生生物的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2717-2724.
[30]王琼,王东衬,叶林,等.反渗透海水淡化工程对海洋环境的影响与对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(9):24-26.
[31]GB18486-2001,中华人民共和国国家标准:污水海洋处置工程污染控制标准[S].
[32]Maugung,Corsnp. Concentrate and other waste disposals from SWRO plants Charaterization and reduction of their environmental impact[J]. Desalination,2005,182:355-364.
[33]高从堦,周勇,刘立芬.反渗透海水淡化技术现状和展望[J].海洋技术学报,2016,35(1):1-14.
[34]赵国华,童忠东.海水淡化工程技术与工艺[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2012:227.
[2]王宏涛,李保安,刘兵,等.海水淡化技术现状及新技术评述[J].盐业与化工,2014,43(6):1-4.
[3]郑晓英,王翔.三种主流的海水淡化工艺[J].净水技术,2016,35(6):111-115.
[4]仇汝臣,岳坤,王玉爽,等.海水淡化技术研究进展及展望[J]. 2017,37(9):49-51.
[5]国家海洋局. 2016年全国海水利用报告[EB/OL]. http://www. soa. gov. cn/zwgk/hygb/hykjnb_2186/201707/t20170719_57029. html. 2017-07-19.
[6]Alatiqi I,Ettouneya H,El-Dessouky H,et a1. Measurements of dynamic behavior of a multistage flash water desalination system[J]. Desalination,2004,160:233-251.
[7]彦华,李保安,张利.用膜蒸馏技术处理反渗透浓盐水工艺介绍[C].青岛:2012青岛国际脱盐大会,2012.
[8]马学虎,郝婷婷,兰忠,等.浓海水零排放技术研究进展[J].水处理技术,2015,41(10):31-41.
[9]GB3097-1997,中华人民共和国国家标准:海水水质标准[S].
[10]苗庆生,周良明,邓兆青,等.象山港电厂温排水的实测和数值模拟研究[J].海岸工程,2010,29(4):1-10.
[11]殷建平,王友绍,徐继荣,等.大亚湾温跃层形成及其对相关环境要素的影响[J].海洋通报,2006,25(4):1-8.
[12]黄伟,朱旭宇,曾江宁,等.氮磷比对浙江近岸浮游植物群落结构影响的实验研究[J].海洋学报,2012,34(5):128-138.
[13]黄晓琛,陈雪初,彭欣,等.滨海电厂温排水对海洋环境的影响研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(6):972-976.
[14]马胜伟,沈盎绿,沈新强.水温对不同鱼类的急性致死效应[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(4):298-303.
[15]曾江宁.滨海电厂温排水对亚热带海域生态影响的研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[16]马学虎,兰忠,王四芳,等.海水淡化浓盐水排放对环境的影响与零排放技术研究进展[J].化工进展,2011,30(1):233-242.
[17]黄逸君,陈全震,曾江宁.等.海水淡化排放的高盐废水对海洋生态环境的影响[J].海洋学研究,2009,27(3):103-110.
[18]Ruso Y D P,Carretero J A,Casalduero F G,et al. Spatial and temporal changes in infaunal communities inhabiting soft-bottoms affected by brine discharge[J]. Mar Environ Res,2007,64:492-503.
[19]徐华,艾春香,林琼武,等.盐度胁迫对锯缘青蟹体内腺苷三磷酸酶和磷酸酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(3):1173-1177.
[20] Kahn A E,Durako M J. Thalassia testudinum Seedling Responses to Changes in Salinity and Nitrogen Levels[J]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol,2006,335:1-12.
[21] Lizasoa J L S,Romero J,Ruiz J,et al. Salinity Tolerance of the Mediterranean Seagrass Posidonia Oceanica:Recommendations to Minimize the Impact of Brine Discharges from Desalination Plants[J]. Desalination,2008,221:602-607.
[22]Hall J L. Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxifieation and tolerance[J]. J. Exp. Bot.,2002,53:1-11.
[23]崔蕴霞,肖锦.铝盐絮凝剂及其环境效应[J].工业水处理,1998,18(3):6-9.
[24]姚波,席北斗,胡春明,等.铁限制对浮游植物生长和群落组成的影响研究综述[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):459-465.
[25]张锦峰,高学鲁,周凤霞,等.海洋生物及生态系统对海洋酸度的响应[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34:630-640.
[26]刘凤娇.浮游植物对海水酸度和盐度下降及石油烃污染相应机制研究[D].厦门.厦门大学,2016.
[27]张静,张振克,张云峰.海洋酸度及其对海洋生态系统的影响[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28:1-9.
[28] Zheng,F. Y.,Tu,T. X.,Liu,F J,et a1. Influence of acidification and eutrophication on physiological functions of Conticribra weissflogii and Prorocentrum donghaiense[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2016,181:11-21.
[29]曾江宁,陈全震,郑平,等.余氯对水生生物的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2717-2724.
[30]王琼,王东衬,叶林,等.反渗透海水淡化工程对海洋环境的影响与对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(9):24-26.
[31]GB18486-2001,中华人民共和国国家标准:污水海洋处置工程污染控制标准[S].
[32]Maugung,Corsnp. Concentrate and other waste disposals from SWRO plants Charaterization and reduction of their environmental impact[J]. Desalination,2005,182:355-364.
[33]高从堦,周勇,刘立芬.反渗透海水淡化技术现状和展望[J].海洋技术学报,2016,35(1):1-14.
[34]赵国华,童忠东.海水淡化工程技术与工艺[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2012:227.