海底铁锰矿物中稀土元素富集的控制因素
摘要
在不同氧化还原条件下生成的铁锰结核(壳)具有不同的稀土元素特征。在弱氧化条件下形成的成岩型结核中,稀土元素总量相对较低,Ce异常不明显,稀土元素主要存在于Fe相中;在强氧化条件下形成的水成结核(壳)稀土元素总量相对较高,Ce表现为较强的正异常。Ce的丰度主要受非晶质的Fe控制,而三价稀土元素的丰度主要受Fe、Mn和P相矿物的共同作用。而铁锰结核(壳)中铁锰矿物主要受生长环境的影响,因此,铁锰结核(壳)中稀土元素的富集在一定程度上受铁锰结核(壳)生长环境的控制。
Ferromanganese nodules(crusts) formed under different redox conditions of marine environments have different characteristics of rare earth elements.The concentration of rare earth elements in diagenetic nodules formed under less oxidating condition is lower relative to hydrogenous nodules.The Ce anomaly in diagenetic nodules is not large and the rare earth elements are mainly present in Fe phase. While the concentration of the hydrogenous nodules is higher than that formed under oxidating condition of marine environment. Ce is obviously positive anomaly.Ce is mainly controlled by the iron phase.The tervalent rare earth elements are mainly dependent on iron phase,phosphatic phase and manganese phase.The minerals of ferric and manganese are controlled by the environments in which ferromanganese nodules(crusts) are formed. Therefore,to some extent,the formation environments of ferromanganese nodules(crusts) influence the concentration of rare earth elements.
Ferromanganese nodules(crusts) formed under different redox conditions of marine environments have different characteristics of rare earth elements.The concentration of rare earth elements in diagenetic nodules formed under less oxidating condition is lower relative to hydrogenous nodules.The Ce anomaly in diagenetic nodules is not large and the rare earth elements are mainly present in Fe phase. While the concentration of the hydrogenous nodules is higher than that formed under oxidating condition of marine environment. Ce is obviously positive anomaly.Ce is mainly controlled by the iron phase.The tervalent rare earth elements are mainly dependent on iron phase,phosphatic phase and manganese phase.The minerals of ferric and manganese are controlled by the environments in which ferromanganese nodules(crusts) are formed. Therefore,to some extent,the formation environments of ferromanganese nodules(crusts) influence the concentration of rare earth elements.
引文
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[16]H.Elderfield,C.J.Hawkesworth and M.J.Greaves Rare earth element geochemistry of oceanic ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1981(45):513-528.
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[23]S.E.Calvert,D.Z.Piper and P.A.Baedecker.Geochemistry of the rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A,northern equatorial Pacific[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987(51):2331-2338.
[24]A.V.Dubinin and V.N.Sval’nov.Geochimistry of the Manganese Ore Process in the Ocean:Evidence from Rare Earth Elements[J].Lithology and Mineral Resource,2003(38):91-100.
[25]赵广涛,彭俊,田丽艳,等.大洋铁锰结壳的地球化学与古海洋环境示踪[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(5):886-891.
[26]白志民,王英滨,姜波,等.太平洋富钴结壳中稀土元素的富集附存状态[J].地学前缘,2004,11(2):387-393.
[27]B.Nagender Nath,I.Roelandts,M.Sudhakar,et al.Cerium anomaly variations in ferromanganese nodules and crusts from the Indian Ocean[J].Marine Geology.,1994(122):385-400.
[28]Hein J.W.De Baar,Michael P.Bacon,Peter G.Brewer.Rare earth elements in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985(49):1943-1959.
[2]Chauhan OS,Gujar AR,Rao Ch M.On the occurrence of ferromanganese micronodules from the sediments of the Begal Fan:a high terrigenous sediment input region[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,1994(128):563-573.
[3]Price NB,Calvert SE.Compositional variation in Pacific Ocean ferromanganese nodules and its relationship to sediment accumulation rates[J].Mar.Geol,1970(9):145-171.
[4]Meylan,M.A.Field description and classification of manganese nodules[J].Geophys.Re-p,1974(9):158-168.
[5]Bonatti E,Kramer T,Rydell H.Classification and genesis of submarine iron manganese deposits[A].Ferromanganese Deposits on the Ocean Floor[M].National Science Foundat-ion,Washington DC,1972.149-166.
[6]Ha l bach P a nd Ozka ra M Mor pholog ica l a nd geochemical classification of deep sea ferromanganese nodules and its genetical interpretation[M].In:La Genese Des Nodules de mang-anese.Coll.Int.C.N.R.S,1979(289):77-88.
[7]郭世勤,孙文泓.平洋中部多金属结核矿物学[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.
[8]Skornyakova NS,Murdmaa IO.Local variations in distribution and compos-ition of ferr-omanganese nodules in the clarion-clipperton Nodule Province[J].Mar.Geol,1992(103):381-405.
[9]沈华悌,钱江初.东太平洋多金属结核论文集[C].北京:海洋出版社,1996.
[10]Halbach P,Hcbisch U,Scherhag Ch,Geochemical variation of ferromanganese nodules and crusts from different provinces of the Pacific occan and their genetic coatrol.Chem Geo1,1981,26(1):3-l7.
[11]姜学钧,姚德,翟世奎.过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中富集的控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):41-48.
[12]朱而勤.大洋锰结核矿物学[M].济南:山东大学出版社,1987.
[13]姜学钧,林学辉,姚德,等.不同成因的海洋铁锰氧化物沉积物中稀土元素的地球化学特征[J].海洋科学,2004,28(7):7-12.
[14]姚德,梁宏峰,张丽洁,等.太平洋中部多金属结核稀土元素地球化学[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993(24):571-576.
[15]David Z.Piper Rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules and other marine phases[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.,1974(38):1007-1022.
[16]H.Elderfield,C.J.Hawkesworth and M.J.Greaves Rare earth element geochemistry of oceanic ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1981(45):513-528.
[17]H.Kunzendorf,G.P.Glasby,P.Stoffers and W.L.Pluger The distribution of rare earth and minor elements in manganese nodules,micronodules and sediments along an east-west transect in the southern Pacific[J].Lithos,1993(30):45-56.
[18]Addy S.K.Rare earth element patterns in manganese nodules and micronodules from Northwest Atlantic[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979(43):1105-1115.
[19]Glasby G.P.Mechanism of enrichment rare elements in marine manganese nodules[J].Mar.Chem.,l973(1):105-125.
[20]Govanoli R.Layer structured manganese oxide hydroxidⅥ:recrystallization synthetic buserite and the influence of amorphous silica and ferric hydroxide on its nucleation[J].Chimia.,1980(34):308-310.
[21]Elderfield H.and GreavesM.J.Negative cerium anomalies in the rare earth ele-ments of oc-eanic ferromanganese nodules.[J].Earth.Planet.Sci.Lett,1981(55):163-170.
[22]Murrhy K.and Dymond J.Rare earth element fluxes and geochemical budget in the eastern equatorial Pacific.[J].Nature,1984(305):185-188.
[23]S.E.Calvert,D.Z.Piper and P.A.Baedecker.Geochemistry of the rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A,northern equatorial Pacific[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987(51):2331-2338.
[24]A.V.Dubinin and V.N.Sval’nov.Geochimistry of the Manganese Ore Process in the Ocean:Evidence from Rare Earth Elements[J].Lithology and Mineral Resource,2003(38):91-100.
[25]赵广涛,彭俊,田丽艳,等.大洋铁锰结壳的地球化学与古海洋环境示踪[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(5):886-891.
[26]白志民,王英滨,姜波,等.太平洋富钴结壳中稀土元素的富集附存状态[J].地学前缘,2004,11(2):387-393.
[27]B.Nagender Nath,I.Roelandts,M.Sudhakar,et al.Cerium anomaly variations in ferromanganese nodules and crusts from the Indian Ocean[J].Marine Geology.,1994(122):385-400.
[28]Hein J.W.De Baar,Michael P.Bacon,Peter G.Brewer.Rare earth elements in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985(49):1943-1959.