The hyperpycnite problem: comment
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摘要
A recent review article("The hyperpycnite problem") by Shanmugam(Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197–238,2018) in this journal has some shortcomings, comes to scientifically incorrect conclusions, and calls for student education in a way that would significantly diminish the students' changes for a geological career. Having studied--and still studying--hyperpycnites in the field, it seems only appropriate to inform the readers of this journal about our concerns regarding the review article mentioned above.Actually, the article by Shanmugam(Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197–238, 2018) is not a review paper but rather a comment, criticizing al researchers who have come to the conclusion, on the basis of both field research and theory,that hyperpycnal flows result in sediments(hyperpycnites) with characteristics that make it possible to distinguish them from deposits formed in another way. This is also the essence of Shanmugam's comment: as he states himself, he is"an ardent critic of al genetic facies models".
A recent review article("The hyperpycnite problem") by Shanmugam(Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197–238,2018) in this journal has some shortcomings, comes to scientifically incorrect conclusions, and calls for student education in a way that would significantly diminish the students' changes for a geological career. Having studied--and still studying--hyperpycnites in the field, it seems only appropriate to inform the readers of this journal about our concerns regarding the review article mentioned above.Actually, the article by Shanmugam(Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197–238, 2018) is not a review paper but rather a comment, criticizing al researchers who have come to the conclusion, on the basis of both field research and theory,that hyperpycnal flows result in sediments(hyperpycnites) with characteristics that make it possible to distinguish them from deposits formed in another way. This is also the essence of Shanmugam's comment: as he states himself, he is"an ardent critic of al genetic facies models".
A recent review article("The hyperpycnite problem") by Shanmugam(Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197–238,2018) in this journal has some shortcomings, comes to scientifically incorrect conclusions, and calls for student education in a way that would significantly diminish the students' changes for a geological career. Having studied--and still studying--hyperpycnites in the field, it seems only appropriate to inform the readers of this journal about our concerns regarding the review article mentioned above.Actually, the article by Shanmugam(Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197–238, 2018) is not a review paper but rather a comment, criticizing al researchers who have come to the conclusion, on the basis of both field research and theory,that hyperpycnal flows result in sediments(hyperpycnites) with characteristics that make it possible to distinguish them from deposits formed in another way. This is also the essence of Shanmugam's comment: as he states himself, he is"an ardent critic of al genetic facies models".
引文
Blum,M.D.,Marriott,S.B.,and Leclair,S.F.(Eds.)2009.Fluvial Sedimentology VII.Wiley online library:ISBN 9781444304350.
Bouma,A.H.1962.Sedimentology of some flysch deposits--A graphic approach to facies interpretation,168.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Bourget,J.,S.Zaragosi,T.Mulder,J.-L.Schneider,T.Garlan,A.Van Toer,V.Mas,and N.Ellouz-Zimmermann.2010.Hyperpycnal-fed turbidite lobe architecture and recent sedimentary processes:A case study from the Al Batha turbidite system,Oman margin.Sedimentary Geology 229:144-159.
Bowland,T.M.,and Hsu,T.2010.An experimental investigation of hyperpycnal flow.American Geophysical Union,Fall Meeting 2010,Abstract,OS51B-1283.
Chapron,E.,E.Juvigné,J.Mulsow,D.Ariztegui,O.Magand,S.Bertrand,M.Pino,and O.Chapron.2007.Recent clastic sedimentation processes in Lake Puyehue(Chilean Lake District,40.5°S).Sedimentary Geology 201:365-385.
Crookshanks,S.,and R.Gilbert.2008.Continuous,diurnally fluctuating turbidity currents in Kluane Lake,Yukon territory.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45:1123-1138.
Fielding,C.R.1993.A review of recent research in fluvial sedimentology.Sedimentary Geology 85:3-14.
Guyard,H.,G.St Onge,E.Chapron,F.Anselmetti,and P.Francus.2007.The AD 1881 earthquake-triggered slump and late Holocene flood-induced turbidites from proglacial lake Bramant,western French Alps.In Submarine mass movements and their consequences,ed.V.D.Lykousis,D.Sakellariou,and J.Locat,279-286.Dordrecht:Springer.
Katz,T.,H.Z.Ginat,G.Eyal,Z.Steiner,Y.Braun,S.Shalev,and B.N.Goodman-Tchernov.2015.Desert flash floods form hyperpycnal flows in the coral-rich Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea.Earth and Planetary Science Letters 417:87-98.
Kuenen,Ph.H.,and C.I.Migliorini.1950.Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding.The Journal of Geology 58:91-127.
Lajeunesse,P.,and G.Saint-Onge.2008.The subglacial origin of the Lake Agassiz-Ojibway final outburst flood.Nature Geoscience 1:184-188.
Lamb,M.P.,B.McElroy,B.Kopriva,J.Shaw,and D.Mohrig.2010.Linking river-flood dynamics to hyperpycnal-plume deposits:Experiments,theory,and geological implications.GSA Bulletin 122:1389-1400.
Mulder,T.2011.Gravity processes on continental slope,rise and abyssal plains.In Deep-Sea Sediments,Developments in Sedimentology 63,ed.H.Hüneke and T.Mulder,25-148.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Mulder,T.,and J.Alexander.2001.The physical character of sedimentary density currents and their deposits.Sedimentology 48:269-299.
Mulder,T.,and H.Hüneke.2016.Turbidite.In Encyclopaedia of marine geosciences,ed.J.Harff,M.Meschede,S.Petersen,and J.Thiede,888-892.Dordrecht:Springer.
Mulder,T.,and J.P.M.Syvitski.1995.Turbidity currents generated at river mouths during exceptional discharges to the world oceans.The Journal of Geology 103:285-299.
Mulder,T.,J.P.M.Syvitski,S.Migeon,J.-C.Faugères,and B.Savoye.2003.Marine hyperpycnal flows:Initiation,behavior and related deposits.Areview.Marine and Petroleum Geology 20:861-882.
Mutti,E.,G.Davoli,R.Tinterri,and C.Zavala.1996.The importance of ancient fluviodeltaic systems dominated by catastrophic flooding in tectonically active basins.Memorie di Scienze Geologiche 48:233-291.
Nakajima,T.2006.Hyperpycnites deposited 700 km away from river mouths in the Central Japan Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Research 76:60-73.
Parsons,J.D.,J.W.M.Bush,and J.P.M.Syvitski.2001.Hyperpycnal plume formation from riverine outflows with small sediments concentrations.Sedimentology 48:465-478.
Peakall,J.,Best,J.,Baas,J.,Hodgson,D.,Clare,M.,Talling,P.,and Dorrell,R.2018.An integrated process-based model of flute and tools in deepmarine systems.20thISC(August 13-17th,Quebec City,Canada)Abstract,MO-4.2-C3-0.
Shanmugam,G.1997.The Bouma sequence and the turbidite mind set.Earth-Science Reviews 42:201-229.
Shanmugam,G.2018.The hyperpycnite problem.Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197-238.
Shanmugam,G.2019.Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the Late Triassic Ordos Basin,central China:Implications for unconventional petroleum development:comment.AAPG Bulletin(in press).
Smith,N.D.,and Rogers,E.(Eds.).2009.Fluvial Sedimentology VI.Wiley online library:ISBN 9781444304213.
St-Onge,G.,E.Chapron,S.Mulsow,M.Salas,M.Viel,M.Debret,A.Foucher,T.Mulder,M.Desmet,P.Costa,B.Ghaleb,A.Jaouen,and J.Locat.2012.Comparison of earthquake-triggered turbidites from the Saguenay(eastern Canada)and Reloncavi(Chilean margin)fjords:Implications for paleoseismicity and sedimentology.Sedimentary Geology 243/244:89-107.
St-Onge,G.,T.Mulder,D.J.W.Piper,C.Hillaire-Marcel,and J.Stoner.2003.Earthquake and flood-induced turbidites in the Saguenay Fjord(Québec):A Holocene paleoseismicity record.Quaternary Science Reviews 23:283-294.
Talling,P.2014.On the triggers,resulting flow types and frequencies of subaqueous sediment density flows in different settings.Marine Geology352:155-182.
Wright,L.D.,Z.-S.Yang,B.D.Bornhold,G.H.Keller,D.B.Prior,and W.J.Wisenam Jr.1986.Hyperpycnal flows and flow fronts over the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta front.Geo-Marine Letters 6:97-105.
Yang,R.,A.Fan,Z.Han,and A.J.Van Loon.2016.An upward shallowing succession of gravity flow deposits in the early cretaceous Lingshandao formation,western Yellow Sea.Acta Geologica Sinica 90:1553-1554.
Yang,R.,A.Fan,A.J.Van Loon,Z.Han,and C.Zavala.2018.The influence of hyperpycnal flows on the salinity of deep-marine environments,and implications for the interpretation of marine facies.Marine and Petroleum Geology 98:1-11.
Yang,R.,Z.Jin,D.Sun,and A.Fan.2015.Discovery of hyperpycnal flow deposits in the late Triassic lacustrine Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica 33:10-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,R.,Z.Jin,A.J.Van Loon,Z.Han,and A.Fan.2017b.Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the late Triassic Ordos Basin,Central China:Implications for unconventional petroleum development.AAPG Bulletin 101:95-117.
Yang,R.,Z.Jin,A.J.Van Loon,Z.Han,and A.Fan.2019.Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the late Triassic Ordos Basin,Central China:Implications for unconventional petroleum development:Reply.AAPG Bulletin(in press).
Yang,R.C.,A.P.Fan,Z.Z.Han,and A.J.Van Loon.2017a.A marine or continental nature of the deltas in the early cretaceous Lingshandao formation-evidences from trace elements.Acta Geologica Sinica 91:367-368.
Yang,R.C.,and A.J.Van Loon.2016.Early cretaceous slumps and turbidites with peculiar soft-sediment deformation structures on Lingshan Island(Qingdao,China)indicating a tensional tectonic regime.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 129:206-219.
Zavala,C.,and M.Arcuri.2016.Intrabasinal and extrabasinal turbidites:Origin and distinctive characteristics.Sedimentary Geology 337:36-54.
Zavala,C.,and S.X.Pan.2018.Hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites:Origin and distinctive characteristics.Lithologic Reservoirs 30:1-27.
Zhao,L.,Y.Zhou,and A.J.Van Loon.2018.Soft-sediment deformation structures induced by rapid sedimentation in early cretaceous turbidites,Lingshan Island,eastern China.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55:118-129.
Bouma,A.H.1962.Sedimentology of some flysch deposits--A graphic approach to facies interpretation,168.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Bourget,J.,S.Zaragosi,T.Mulder,J.-L.Schneider,T.Garlan,A.Van Toer,V.Mas,and N.Ellouz-Zimmermann.2010.Hyperpycnal-fed turbidite lobe architecture and recent sedimentary processes:A case study from the Al Batha turbidite system,Oman margin.Sedimentary Geology 229:144-159.
Bowland,T.M.,and Hsu,T.2010.An experimental investigation of hyperpycnal flow.American Geophysical Union,Fall Meeting 2010,Abstract,OS51B-1283.
Chapron,E.,E.Juvigné,J.Mulsow,D.Ariztegui,O.Magand,S.Bertrand,M.Pino,and O.Chapron.2007.Recent clastic sedimentation processes in Lake Puyehue(Chilean Lake District,40.5°S).Sedimentary Geology 201:365-385.
Crookshanks,S.,and R.Gilbert.2008.Continuous,diurnally fluctuating turbidity currents in Kluane Lake,Yukon territory.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45:1123-1138.
Fielding,C.R.1993.A review of recent research in fluvial sedimentology.Sedimentary Geology 85:3-14.
Guyard,H.,G.St Onge,E.Chapron,F.Anselmetti,and P.Francus.2007.The AD 1881 earthquake-triggered slump and late Holocene flood-induced turbidites from proglacial lake Bramant,western French Alps.In Submarine mass movements and their consequences,ed.V.D.Lykousis,D.Sakellariou,and J.Locat,279-286.Dordrecht:Springer.
Katz,T.,H.Z.Ginat,G.Eyal,Z.Steiner,Y.Braun,S.Shalev,and B.N.Goodman-Tchernov.2015.Desert flash floods form hyperpycnal flows in the coral-rich Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea.Earth and Planetary Science Letters 417:87-98.
Kuenen,Ph.H.,and C.I.Migliorini.1950.Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding.The Journal of Geology 58:91-127.
Lajeunesse,P.,and G.Saint-Onge.2008.The subglacial origin of the Lake Agassiz-Ojibway final outburst flood.Nature Geoscience 1:184-188.
Lamb,M.P.,B.McElroy,B.Kopriva,J.Shaw,and D.Mohrig.2010.Linking river-flood dynamics to hyperpycnal-plume deposits:Experiments,theory,and geological implications.GSA Bulletin 122:1389-1400.
Mulder,T.2011.Gravity processes on continental slope,rise and abyssal plains.In Deep-Sea Sediments,Developments in Sedimentology 63,ed.H.Hüneke and T.Mulder,25-148.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Mulder,T.,and J.Alexander.2001.The physical character of sedimentary density currents and their deposits.Sedimentology 48:269-299.
Mulder,T.,and H.Hüneke.2016.Turbidite.In Encyclopaedia of marine geosciences,ed.J.Harff,M.Meschede,S.Petersen,and J.Thiede,888-892.Dordrecht:Springer.
Mulder,T.,and J.P.M.Syvitski.1995.Turbidity currents generated at river mouths during exceptional discharges to the world oceans.The Journal of Geology 103:285-299.
Mulder,T.,J.P.M.Syvitski,S.Migeon,J.-C.Faugères,and B.Savoye.2003.Marine hyperpycnal flows:Initiation,behavior and related deposits.Areview.Marine and Petroleum Geology 20:861-882.
Mutti,E.,G.Davoli,R.Tinterri,and C.Zavala.1996.The importance of ancient fluviodeltaic systems dominated by catastrophic flooding in tectonically active basins.Memorie di Scienze Geologiche 48:233-291.
Nakajima,T.2006.Hyperpycnites deposited 700 km away from river mouths in the Central Japan Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Research 76:60-73.
Parsons,J.D.,J.W.M.Bush,and J.P.M.Syvitski.2001.Hyperpycnal plume formation from riverine outflows with small sediments concentrations.Sedimentology 48:465-478.
Peakall,J.,Best,J.,Baas,J.,Hodgson,D.,Clare,M.,Talling,P.,and Dorrell,R.2018.An integrated process-based model of flute and tools in deepmarine systems.20thISC(August 13-17th,Quebec City,Canada)Abstract,MO-4.2-C3-0.
Shanmugam,G.1997.The Bouma sequence and the turbidite mind set.Earth-Science Reviews 42:201-229.
Shanmugam,G.2018.The hyperpycnite problem.Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197-238.
Shanmugam,G.2019.Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the Late Triassic Ordos Basin,central China:Implications for unconventional petroleum development:comment.AAPG Bulletin(in press).
Smith,N.D.,and Rogers,E.(Eds.).2009.Fluvial Sedimentology VI.Wiley online library:ISBN 9781444304213.
St-Onge,G.,E.Chapron,S.Mulsow,M.Salas,M.Viel,M.Debret,A.Foucher,T.Mulder,M.Desmet,P.Costa,B.Ghaleb,A.Jaouen,and J.Locat.2012.Comparison of earthquake-triggered turbidites from the Saguenay(eastern Canada)and Reloncavi(Chilean margin)fjords:Implications for paleoseismicity and sedimentology.Sedimentary Geology 243/244:89-107.
St-Onge,G.,T.Mulder,D.J.W.Piper,C.Hillaire-Marcel,and J.Stoner.2003.Earthquake and flood-induced turbidites in the Saguenay Fjord(Québec):A Holocene paleoseismicity record.Quaternary Science Reviews 23:283-294.
Talling,P.2014.On the triggers,resulting flow types and frequencies of subaqueous sediment density flows in different settings.Marine Geology352:155-182.
Wright,L.D.,Z.-S.Yang,B.D.Bornhold,G.H.Keller,D.B.Prior,and W.J.Wisenam Jr.1986.Hyperpycnal flows and flow fronts over the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta front.Geo-Marine Letters 6:97-105.
Yang,R.,A.Fan,Z.Han,and A.J.Van Loon.2016.An upward shallowing succession of gravity flow deposits in the early cretaceous Lingshandao formation,western Yellow Sea.Acta Geologica Sinica 90:1553-1554.
Yang,R.,A.Fan,A.J.Van Loon,Z.Han,and C.Zavala.2018.The influence of hyperpycnal flows on the salinity of deep-marine environments,and implications for the interpretation of marine facies.Marine and Petroleum Geology 98:1-11.
Yang,R.,Z.Jin,D.Sun,and A.Fan.2015.Discovery of hyperpycnal flow deposits in the late Triassic lacustrine Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica 33:10-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,R.,Z.Jin,A.J.Van Loon,Z.Han,and A.Fan.2017b.Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the late Triassic Ordos Basin,Central China:Implications for unconventional petroleum development.AAPG Bulletin 101:95-117.
Yang,R.,Z.Jin,A.J.Van Loon,Z.Han,and A.Fan.2019.Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the late Triassic Ordos Basin,Central China:Implications for unconventional petroleum development:Reply.AAPG Bulletin(in press).
Yang,R.C.,A.P.Fan,Z.Z.Han,and A.J.Van Loon.2017a.A marine or continental nature of the deltas in the early cretaceous Lingshandao formation-evidences from trace elements.Acta Geologica Sinica 91:367-368.
Yang,R.C.,and A.J.Van Loon.2016.Early cretaceous slumps and turbidites with peculiar soft-sediment deformation structures on Lingshan Island(Qingdao,China)indicating a tensional tectonic regime.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 129:206-219.
Zavala,C.,and M.Arcuri.2016.Intrabasinal and extrabasinal turbidites:Origin and distinctive characteristics.Sedimentary Geology 337:36-54.
Zavala,C.,and S.X.Pan.2018.Hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites:Origin and distinctive characteristics.Lithologic Reservoirs 30:1-27.
Zhao,L.,Y.Zhou,and A.J.Van Loon.2018.Soft-sediment deformation structures induced by rapid sedimentation in early cretaceous turbidites,Lingshan Island,eastern China.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55:118-129.