滨海河口区黑藻的耐盐碱性及氮磷净化效果
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摘要
滨海河口区水体盐碱含量高,生态景观萧条,亟需筛选既能耐盐碱又能有效去除氮磷的植物。采用实验室水培实验,分析黑藻(Hydrillaverticillata)在盐碱混合胁迫下的生长状况、生理响应以及对盐碱水体中氮磷去除效果。结果表明:黑藻在pH=7、pH=8和pH=9胁迫下,能耐受的最高盐度分别为9、6和3。在其耐盐碱范围内,植株长势良好,含水率与对照组相比降幅在5%以内,酶活性稳定,在盐度小于6刺激下叶绿素含量略有升高;在其盐碱耐受范围外,黑藻细胞膜透性变大,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,渗透物质调节能力差,脯氨酸与Na+含量最高可达对照组的4.67和9.13倍,此时黑藻生长受阻,对氮、磷的净化效果较差。
The high salt-alkali content in coastal estuary resulted in the landscape depression.Screening plants which not only tolerate salt-alkali stress but also effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus was in need.In this study,seedlings of Hydrilla verticillatawere treated under salt-alkali stress by hydroponic culture.The growth,physiological response and removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata were measured.The results showed the limits of Hydrilla verticillata'salt tolerance were less than 9,6 and 3,while the corresponding pH values of the water were 7,8 and 9,respectively.Within the limits,the differences of water content of plants between salt-alkali treated groups and controlled group(without salt or pH stress)were less than 5%.Chlorophyll content was increased slightly at low salinities(<6).Beyond the limits,membrane permeability increased with increasing salinity and pH value.Enzyme activity was reduced sharply.Meanwhile,proline of Hydrilla verticillataand the concentrations of Na+were as 4.67,9.13 times high as control group in response to salt-alkali stresses.As a result,the growth of Hydrilla verticillata was inhibited and the removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus reduced significantly.
The high salt-alkali content in coastal estuary resulted in the landscape depression.Screening plants which not only tolerate salt-alkali stress but also effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus was in need.In this study,seedlings of Hydrilla verticillatawere treated under salt-alkali stress by hydroponic culture.The growth,physiological response and removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata were measured.The results showed the limits of Hydrilla verticillata'salt tolerance were less than 9,6 and 3,while the corresponding pH values of the water were 7,8 and 9,respectively.Within the limits,the differences of water content of plants between salt-alkali treated groups and controlled group(without salt or pH stress)were less than 5%.Chlorophyll content was increased slightly at low salinities(<6).Beyond the limits,membrane permeability increased with increasing salinity and pH value.Enzyme activity was reduced sharply.Meanwhile,proline of Hydrilla verticillataand the concentrations of Na+were as 4.67,9.13 times high as control group in response to salt-alkali stresses.As a result,the growth of Hydrilla verticillata was inhibited and the removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus reduced significantly.
引文
[1]谷洪彪,姜纪沂.土壤盐碱化的灾害学定义及其风险评价体系[J].灾害学,2013,28(1):23-26.GuHongbiao,Jiang Jiyi.Disaster science definition and risk assessment system of soil salinization[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2013,28(1):23-26.
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[3]Katschning D,Broekman R,Rozema J.Salt tolerance in the halophyte Salicornia dolichostachya Moss:Growth,morphology and physiology[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2013,92:32-42.
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[6]Touchette B W.Seagrass-salinity interactions:Physiological mechanisms used by submersed marine angiosperms for a life at sea[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2007,350:194-215.
[7]代莉慧,蔡禄,周耀龙,等.NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫对内蒙古河套灌区盐地碱蓬种子萌芽生理指标的影响[J].种子,2013,32(7):14-17.Dai Lihu,Cai Lu,Zhou Yaolong,et al.Effects of NaCl and Na2CO3stress on seed germination physiological parameters of Suaeda Salsain Hetao irrigation area[J].Seed,2013,32(7):14-17.
[8]崔喜艳,郭继勋.不同盐碱化草地羊草甜菜碱含量和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶活性的变化[J].吉林农业大学学报,2006,28(6):606-609.Cui Xiyan,GuoJixun.Changes of betaine content and activity of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase of Leymuschinensisin different saline-alkali grass land[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2006,28(6):606-609.
[9]颜宏,矫爽,赵伟,等.不同大小碱地肤种子的萌发耐盐性比较[J].草业学报,2008,17(2):26-32.Yan Hong,Jiao Shuang,Zhao Wei,et al.Effects of saline-alkaline stress on the seed of Kochia sieversiana seedlings with different heights[J].Acta Rataculturae Sinica,2008,17(2):26-32.
[10]周建刚,丁少丽,袁金友,等.NaCl胁迫对苎麻叶片中SOD、POD及CAT活性的影响[J].武汉科技学院学报,2007,20(4):35-37.Zhou Jiangang,Ding Shaoli,Yuan Jinyou,et al.The effect of NaCl on SOD,POD and CAT activities inRamine[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Engineering,2007,20(4):35-37.
[11]祁栋灵,韩龙植,张三元.水稻耐盐碱性鉴定评价方法[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005,6(2):226-231.Qi Dangling,Han Longzhi,Zhang Sanyuan.Methods of characterization and evaluation of salt or alkaline tolerance in rice[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2005,6(2):226-231.
[12]王桂君,许振文,蒋秋花,等.盐碱胁迫对燕麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,24:6-14.Wang Guijun,Xu Zhenwen,Jiang Qiuhua,et al.Effects of saline-alkaline stress on seed germination and seedlings growth of oat[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2014,24:6-14.
[13]李晶,马云,周浩,等.轮叶黑藻去除水体中氮磷能力研究[J].环境科学与管理,2010,8:13-18.Li Jing,Ma Yun,Zhou Hao,et al.The removal ability research of Hydrilla verticillata on nitrogen and phosphorus from water[J].Environmental Science and Management,2010,8:13-18.
[14]吴娟,吴振斌,成水平.黑藻对水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(4):589-595.Wu Juan,Wu Zhenbin,Chen Shuiping.Effect of Hydrillaverticillataon characteristics of water and sediment and removals of nutrition[J].Acta Hydrobiological Sinica,2009,33(4):589-595.
[15]颜昌宙,曾阿妍,金相灿,等.不同浓度氨氮对轮叶黑藻的生理影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1050-1055.Yan Changzhou,Zeng Ayan,JinXiangcan,et al.Physiological effects of ammonia-nitrogen concentrations on Hydrillaverticillata[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2007,27(3):1050-1055.
[16]文明,盛哲,林亲众.黑藻生物学特性及营养成分的分析[J].湖南农学院学报,1994,20(5):457-463.Wen Ming,Sheng Zhe,Lin Qinzhong.Analysis of the biological characters and nutrition elements of Hydrillaverticillata[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural College,1994,20(5):457-463.
[17]高光.伊乐藻,轮叶黑藻净化养鱼污水效果试验[J].湖泊科学,1996,8(2):184-188.Gao Guang.Experimental studies on the effect of purification of fish culture waste water by Elodea nattalii and Hydrillaverticillata[J].Journal of Lake Science,1996,8(2):184-188.
[18]Liu L W,Xiong G H.The restoration of aquatic in lake of Poyang Lake nature reserve after catastrophic flooding in 1998[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,22(4):301-306.
[19]孙萍.滨海重盐碱区几种水培植物的耐盐碱性及其净化氮磷效果的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.Sun Ping.Study on Salt-Alkaline Resistance and Removal Efficiency of Nitrogen and PhoSphorus by Several Hydroponic Plant in Coastal Estuary Heavy Saline-Alkali Area[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.
[20]郝建军,刘延吉.植物生理学实验技术[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001.Hao Jianjun,Liu Yanji.Plant Physiology Experiment Technology[M].Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House,2001.
[21]董树刚,吴以平.植物生理学实验技术[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2006.Dong Shugang,Wu Yipping.Plant Physiology Experiment Technology[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Publishing House,2006.
[22]张永峰,殷波.混合盐碱胁迫对苗期紫花苜蓿抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(1):46-50.Zhang Yongfeng,Yin Bo.Influences of salt and alkali mixed stresses on antioxidative activity and MDA content of Medicago sativa at seedling stage[J].Acta Rataculturae Sinica,2009,18(1):46-50.
[23]蔡庆生.植物生理学实验[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013.Cai Qingsheng.Plant Physiology Experiment[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Publishing House,2003.
[24]黄红娜,张丹参,郑晓霞,等.甜菜碱的提取,分离及测定含量方法的研究进展[J].医学综述,2009,15(22):3492-3494.Huang Hongna,Zhang Danshen,Zheng Xiaoxia,et al.Research progress on extraction,separation and content determination of betaine[J].Medical Recapitulate,2009,15(22):3492-3494.
[25]赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1999:22-23.Zhao Kefu.Physical Plant Resistance to Salt[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Publishing House,1999:22-23.
[26]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and Exhausted Water Monitoring Analysis Method[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science,2002.
[27]Khattab H.Role of glutathione and polyadenylic acid on the oxidative defense systems of two different cultivars of canola seedlings grown under saline conditions[J].Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,2007,3(1):323-334.
[28]Bian S,Jiang Y.Reactive oxygen species,antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in leaves and roots of Kentucky bluegrass in response to drought stress and recovery[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,120:264-270.
[29]Islam M M,Hoque A,Okuma E,et al..Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase antioxidant enzyme activities and confer tolerance to cadmium stress in cultured tobacco cells[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2009,166(15):1587-1597.
[30]Hassanein RA,Bassiouny F M,Barakat D M,et al.Physiological effects of nicotinamide and ascorbic acid onZea mays plant grown under salinity stress[J].Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences,2009:5.72-81.
[31]Silveira J A G,Araujo S A M,Lima J P M,et al..Roots and leaves display contrasting osmotic adjustment mechanisms in responses to NaCl-salinity in Atriplexnummularia[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2009,66(1):1-8.
[32]Shi D C,Wang D L.Effects of various salt-alkaline mixed stresses onAneurolepidiumchinese(Trin.)[J].Kitag Plant and Soil,2005,271:15-26.
[33]Munns R,Tester M.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Annu Rev Plant Biol,2008,59:651-681.
[34]Zhu JK.Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress[J].Curr Opin Cell Biol,2003,6:441-445.
[35]Collos Y,Harrison P J.Acclimation and toxicity of high ammonium concentrations to unicellular algae[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,80:8-23.
[36]刘晶晶,李敏,曲博,等.湿地挺水植物根系土壤中的磷形态变化与分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2040-2046.Liu Jingjing,Li Min,Qu Bo,et al.The morphological changes and analysis of phosphorus in the root soil of emergent aquatic plant in the wetland[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(11):2040-2046.
[37]陈广琳,陈友媛,孙萍,等.滨海区黄花鸢尾的耐盐碱性及氮磷去除效果[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3422-3430.Chen Guanglin,Chen Youyuan,Sun Ping,et al.The Iris Pseudoacorus’tolerant ability and removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus in saline-alkaline water of coastal region[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3422-3430.
[2]Brown C E,Pezeshki S R,DeLaune R D.The effects of salinity and soil drying on nutrient uptake and growth of Spartinaalterniflorain a simulated tidal system[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2006,58:140-148.
[3]Katschning D,Broekman R,Rozema J.Salt tolerance in the halophyte Salicornia dolichostachya Moss:Growth,morphology and physiology[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2013,92:32-42.
[4]Pedro C A,Santos M S,Ferreira S M,et al.The influence of cadmium contamination and salinity on the survival,growth and phytoremediation capacity of the saltmarsh plant Sali-corniaramosissima[J].Marine Environmental Research,2013,92:197-205.
[5]Benzarti M,Rejeb K B,Messedi D,et al.Effect of high salinity on Atriplexportulacoides:Growth,leaf water relations and solute accumulation in relation with osmotic adjustment[J].South African Journal of Botany,2014,95:70-77.
[6]Touchette B W.Seagrass-salinity interactions:Physiological mechanisms used by submersed marine angiosperms for a life at sea[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2007,350:194-215.
[7]代莉慧,蔡禄,周耀龙,等.NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫对内蒙古河套灌区盐地碱蓬种子萌芽生理指标的影响[J].种子,2013,32(7):14-17.Dai Lihu,Cai Lu,Zhou Yaolong,et al.Effects of NaCl and Na2CO3stress on seed germination physiological parameters of Suaeda Salsain Hetao irrigation area[J].Seed,2013,32(7):14-17.
[8]崔喜艳,郭继勋.不同盐碱化草地羊草甜菜碱含量和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶活性的变化[J].吉林农业大学学报,2006,28(6):606-609.Cui Xiyan,GuoJixun.Changes of betaine content and activity of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase of Leymuschinensisin different saline-alkali grass land[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2006,28(6):606-609.
[9]颜宏,矫爽,赵伟,等.不同大小碱地肤种子的萌发耐盐性比较[J].草业学报,2008,17(2):26-32.Yan Hong,Jiao Shuang,Zhao Wei,et al.Effects of saline-alkaline stress on the seed of Kochia sieversiana seedlings with different heights[J].Acta Rataculturae Sinica,2008,17(2):26-32.
[10]周建刚,丁少丽,袁金友,等.NaCl胁迫对苎麻叶片中SOD、POD及CAT活性的影响[J].武汉科技学院学报,2007,20(4):35-37.Zhou Jiangang,Ding Shaoli,Yuan Jinyou,et al.The effect of NaCl on SOD,POD and CAT activities inRamine[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Engineering,2007,20(4):35-37.
[11]祁栋灵,韩龙植,张三元.水稻耐盐碱性鉴定评价方法[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005,6(2):226-231.Qi Dangling,Han Longzhi,Zhang Sanyuan.Methods of characterization and evaluation of salt or alkaline tolerance in rice[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2005,6(2):226-231.
[12]王桂君,许振文,蒋秋花,等.盐碱胁迫对燕麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,24:6-14.Wang Guijun,Xu Zhenwen,Jiang Qiuhua,et al.Effects of saline-alkaline stress on seed germination and seedlings growth of oat[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2014,24:6-14.
[13]李晶,马云,周浩,等.轮叶黑藻去除水体中氮磷能力研究[J].环境科学与管理,2010,8:13-18.Li Jing,Ma Yun,Zhou Hao,et al.The removal ability research of Hydrilla verticillata on nitrogen and phosphorus from water[J].Environmental Science and Management,2010,8:13-18.
[14]吴娟,吴振斌,成水平.黑藻对水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(4):589-595.Wu Juan,Wu Zhenbin,Chen Shuiping.Effect of Hydrillaverticillataon characteristics of water and sediment and removals of nutrition[J].Acta Hydrobiological Sinica,2009,33(4):589-595.
[15]颜昌宙,曾阿妍,金相灿,等.不同浓度氨氮对轮叶黑藻的生理影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1050-1055.Yan Changzhou,Zeng Ayan,JinXiangcan,et al.Physiological effects of ammonia-nitrogen concentrations on Hydrillaverticillata[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2007,27(3):1050-1055.
[16]文明,盛哲,林亲众.黑藻生物学特性及营养成分的分析[J].湖南农学院学报,1994,20(5):457-463.Wen Ming,Sheng Zhe,Lin Qinzhong.Analysis of the biological characters and nutrition elements of Hydrillaverticillata[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural College,1994,20(5):457-463.
[17]高光.伊乐藻,轮叶黑藻净化养鱼污水效果试验[J].湖泊科学,1996,8(2):184-188.Gao Guang.Experimental studies on the effect of purification of fish culture waste water by Elodea nattalii and Hydrillaverticillata[J].Journal of Lake Science,1996,8(2):184-188.
[18]Liu L W,Xiong G H.The restoration of aquatic in lake of Poyang Lake nature reserve after catastrophic flooding in 1998[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,22(4):301-306.
[19]孙萍.滨海重盐碱区几种水培植物的耐盐碱性及其净化氮磷效果的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.Sun Ping.Study on Salt-Alkaline Resistance and Removal Efficiency of Nitrogen and PhoSphorus by Several Hydroponic Plant in Coastal Estuary Heavy Saline-Alkali Area[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.
[20]郝建军,刘延吉.植物生理学实验技术[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001.Hao Jianjun,Liu Yanji.Plant Physiology Experiment Technology[M].Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House,2001.
[21]董树刚,吴以平.植物生理学实验技术[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2006.Dong Shugang,Wu Yipping.Plant Physiology Experiment Technology[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Publishing House,2006.
[22]张永峰,殷波.混合盐碱胁迫对苗期紫花苜蓿抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(1):46-50.Zhang Yongfeng,Yin Bo.Influences of salt and alkali mixed stresses on antioxidative activity and MDA content of Medicago sativa at seedling stage[J].Acta Rataculturae Sinica,2009,18(1):46-50.
[23]蔡庆生.植物生理学实验[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013.Cai Qingsheng.Plant Physiology Experiment[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Publishing House,2003.
[24]黄红娜,张丹参,郑晓霞,等.甜菜碱的提取,分离及测定含量方法的研究进展[J].医学综述,2009,15(22):3492-3494.Huang Hongna,Zhang Danshen,Zheng Xiaoxia,et al.Research progress on extraction,separation and content determination of betaine[J].Medical Recapitulate,2009,15(22):3492-3494.
[25]赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1999:22-23.Zhao Kefu.Physical Plant Resistance to Salt[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Publishing House,1999:22-23.
[26]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and Exhausted Water Monitoring Analysis Method[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science,2002.
[27]Khattab H.Role of glutathione and polyadenylic acid on the oxidative defense systems of two different cultivars of canola seedlings grown under saline conditions[J].Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,2007,3(1):323-334.
[28]Bian S,Jiang Y.Reactive oxygen species,antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in leaves and roots of Kentucky bluegrass in response to drought stress and recovery[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,120:264-270.
[29]Islam M M,Hoque A,Okuma E,et al..Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase antioxidant enzyme activities and confer tolerance to cadmium stress in cultured tobacco cells[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2009,166(15):1587-1597.
[30]Hassanein RA,Bassiouny F M,Barakat D M,et al.Physiological effects of nicotinamide and ascorbic acid onZea mays plant grown under salinity stress[J].Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences,2009:5.72-81.
[31]Silveira J A G,Araujo S A M,Lima J P M,et al..Roots and leaves display contrasting osmotic adjustment mechanisms in responses to NaCl-salinity in Atriplexnummularia[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2009,66(1):1-8.
[32]Shi D C,Wang D L.Effects of various salt-alkaline mixed stresses onAneurolepidiumchinese(Trin.)[J].Kitag Plant and Soil,2005,271:15-26.
[33]Munns R,Tester M.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Annu Rev Plant Biol,2008,59:651-681.
[34]Zhu JK.Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress[J].Curr Opin Cell Biol,2003,6:441-445.
[35]Collos Y,Harrison P J.Acclimation and toxicity of high ammonium concentrations to unicellular algae[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,80:8-23.
[36]刘晶晶,李敏,曲博,等.湿地挺水植物根系土壤中的磷形态变化与分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2040-2046.Liu Jingjing,Li Min,Qu Bo,et al.The morphological changes and analysis of phosphorus in the root soil of emergent aquatic plant in the wetland[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(11):2040-2046.
[37]陈广琳,陈友媛,孙萍,等.滨海区黄花鸢尾的耐盐碱性及氮磷去除效果[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3422-3430.Chen Guanglin,Chen Youyuan,Sun Ping,et al.The Iris Pseudoacorus’tolerant ability and removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus in saline-alkaline water of coastal region[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3422-3430.