天津市用于滨海河口生态补水的非常规水资源估算
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摘要
随着天津滨海河口入海径流量逐年降低,以及城市水资源供需矛盾日益加剧,入海径流量远不能满足目前滨海河口生态需水量,因此,非常有必要开发非常规水源对滨海河口进行生态补水。在天津非常规水源(包括海水、雨水和再生水)现状分析的基础上,通过水资源利用途径分析和水量估算,得出雨水和再生水资源的可利用量完全可以满足滨海河口适宜生态需水量,并提出了滨海河口生态补水的措施。
With the yearly decreasing discharge into sea and the increasing contradiction between the water resources supply and demand in urban area,the amount of discharges can not meet the ecological water demand of Tianjin coastal estuaries.As a result,it is very necessary to develop unconventional water compensation to ecological water for coastal estuaries.In this paper,unconventional water resources in Tianjin were surveyed,which included seawater,rainwater and reuse water.Combined with the utilization ways of unconventional water resources in Tianjin,the water amount which could be used for supplying ecological water to coastal estuaries was estimated.The results showed that the amount of rainwater and reuse water could absolutely meet the ecological water demand of coastal estuaries.And measures for ecological water supplement in coastal estuary were put forward.This research will provide technical reference for the effective development and utilization of unconventional water in Tianjin as well as effective supplement of ecological water for coastal estuaries.
With the yearly decreasing discharge into sea and the increasing contradiction between the water resources supply and demand in urban area,the amount of discharges can not meet the ecological water demand of Tianjin coastal estuaries.As a result,it is very necessary to develop unconventional water compensation to ecological water for coastal estuaries.In this paper,unconventional water resources in Tianjin were surveyed,which included seawater,rainwater and reuse water.Combined with the utilization ways of unconventional water resources in Tianjin,the water amount which could be used for supplying ecological water to coastal estuaries was estimated.The results showed that the amount of rainwater and reuse water could absolutely meet the ecological water demand of coastal estuaries.And measures for ecological water supplement in coastal estuary were put forward.This research will provide technical reference for the effective development and utilization of unconventional water in Tianjin as well as effective supplement of ecological water for coastal estuaries.
引文
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[25]郑建平,王芳,华祖林,等.海河河口生态需水量研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(5):518-521.(ZHENG Jianping,WANG Fang,HUA Zu-lin,et al.Research on ecological water requirement of Haihe River Estuary[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Sciences,2005,33(5):518-521.(in Chinese))
[2]Kravtsova V,Mikhailov V,Kozyukhina A.Hydrological-morphological and landscape features of the Niger River delta[J].Water Resources,2008.35(2):121-136.
[3]Rowell K,Flessa K W,Dettman D L,et al.The importance of Colorado River flow to nursery habitats of the gulf Corvina(Cynoscion Othonopterus)[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2005.62(12):2874-2885.
[4]Jian J,Webster P J,Hoyos C D.Large‐scale controls on Ganges and Brahmaputra River discharge on intraseasonal and seasonal time‐scales[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2009.135(639):353-370.
[5]Inam A,Clift P D,Giosan L,et al.The geographic,geological and oceanographic setting of the Indus River[J].Large Rivers:Geomorphology and Management,2007:333-46.
[6]Jiongxin X.The water fluxes of the Yellow River to the sea in the past 50years,in response to climate change and human activities[J].Environmental management,2005.35(5):620-631.
[7]Qiong S,Huapeng Q,Guangtao F.Environmental and ecological impacts of water supplement schemes in a heavily polluted estuary[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,15(472):704-711.
[8]李莉,邵晓龙,于丹,等.海河、永定新河、独流减河三河口生态需水量研究[J].水利水电技术,2013,44(12):24-28.(LI Li,SHAO Xiao-long,YU Dan,et al.Study on eco-water demands for Haihe River,Yongdingxinhe River and Duliujianhe River Estuaries[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2013,44(12):24-28.(in Chinese))
[9]杨艳霞.海河流域生态修复需水量的思考[J].水利规划与设计,2005(2):40-43.(YANG Yan-xia.Ecological restoration water demand of the Haihe River Basin[J].Water Resources Planning and Design,2005(2):40-43.(in Chinese))
[10]张晓春,马春,陈卫平,等.天津滨海新区湿地生态恢复需水量评估[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(5):63-66.(ZHANG Xiao-chun,MA Chun,CHEN Wei-ping,et al.Wetland restoration water demand assessment of Tianjin Binhai New Area[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(5):63-66.(in Chinese))
[11]刘杰,郭晶晶,马云霞.天津市非常规水资源利用现状分析[J].海河水利,2011(1):11-14.(LIU Jie,GUO Jing-jing,MA Yun-xia.Analysis of unconventional water resources utilization situation in Tianjin[J].Haihe Water Resources,2011(1):11-14.(in Chinese))
[12]高培然.天津滨海新区海水利用管理研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.(GAO Pei-ran.Seawater utilization management of Tianjin Binhai New Area[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.(in Chinese))
[13]张艳红.城市雨水利用的趋势、现状和措施探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技,2005,3(3):27-29.(ZHANG Yan-hong.Exploration on the tendency,present situation and countermeasures of urban rainfall utilization[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2005,3(3):27-29.(in Chinese))
[14]Kim R H.Developing technologies for rainwater utilization in urbanized area[J].Environmental Technology,2005,4:401-410.
[15]Sazakli E,Alexopoulos A,Leotsinidis M.Rainwater harvesting,quality assessment and utilization in Kefalonia Island,Greece[J].Water Resources,2007,41(9):2039-2047.
[16]刘伟.非常规水资源利用基本问题的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004.(LIU Wei.Basic issues of using unconventional water resources[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2004.(in Chinese))
[17]王情,张广录,王晓磊,等.中国北方城市雨水资源利用探讨[J].水资源保护,2009,25(4):86-90.(WANG Qing,ZHANG Guang-lu,WANG Xiao-lei,et al.Rainwater resources utilization of Chinese Northern Cities[J].Water Resources Protection,2009,25(4):86-90.(in Chinese))
[18]李璨.天津滨海新区再生水利用及市场化研究[D].天津:天津理工大学,2010.(LI Can.Water reuse and and marketization of Tianjin Binhai New Area[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Polytechnic University,2010.(in Chinese))
[19]王效琴.城市水资源可持续开发利用研究[D].天津:南开大学,2007.(WANG Xiao-qin.Sustainable development and utilization of urban water resources[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2007.(in Chinese))
[20]曹秀芹,车武.城市屋面雨水收集利用系统方案设计分析[J].给水排水,2002,28(1):13-15.(CAO Xiu-qin,CHE Wu.Design analysis of urban roof rainwater harvesting system[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2002,28(1):13-15.(in Chinese))
[21]孙慧修.排水工程(4版,上册)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.(SUN Hui-xiu.Wastewater Engineering(4th edition,1st volumn)[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[22]天津市统计局.天津统计年鉴(2012)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.(Tianjin Statistics Bureau.Tianjin Statistical Yearbook of 2012[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2012(in Chinese))
[23]王晓霞,徐宗学,阮本清.天津市降水量变化趋势的时空分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):92-96.(WANG Xiao-xia,XU Zong-xue,RUAN benqing.spatiotemporal trend of precipitation in Tianjin City[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2008,22(9):92-96.(in Chinese))
[24]杨志峰,刘静玲,肖芳,等.海河流域河流生态基流量整合计算[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(4):442-448.(YANG Zhi-feng,LIU Jing-ling,XIAO Fang,et al.Conformity calculation of river ecological basic flows in the Hai He River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25(4):442-448.(in Chinese))
[25]郑建平,王芳,华祖林,等.海河河口生态需水量研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(5):518-521.(ZHENG Jianping,WANG Fang,HUA Zu-lin,et al.Research on ecological water requirement of Haihe River Estuary[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Sciences,2005,33(5):518-521.(in Chinese))