共生表皮葡萄球菌促进果蝇胚后发育
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摘要
【背景】动物体定殖有多种共生微生物,这些共生微生物严重影响着宿主生理和病理,日益成为研究热点之一。【目的】分离与鉴定黑腹果蝇共生菌,探究表皮葡萄球菌对黑腹果蝇的发育影响和潜在作用机制。【方法】用CEM培养基(Carotenoid expression medium)从果蝇肠道内分离细菌,通过16SrRNA基因序列比对鉴定菌株;以发育时间和幼虫表面积检测果蝇的发育时期和生长速率;利用实时定量PCR检测果蝇促前胸腺激素与胰岛素通路的激活。【结果】从果蝇体内分离到的菌株为表皮葡萄球菌,该菌可以有效定殖于果蝇的肠道。表皮葡萄球菌通过提高果蝇生长速率而显著促进其发育。在分子水平上,表皮葡萄球菌激活PTTH和胰岛素信号以刺激宿主的生长发育。【结论】表皮葡萄球菌是果蝇的一种共生菌,可以通过调控PTTH和胰岛素信号而刺激果蝇生长发育。
[Background] Animals harbor many microbial species that exert profound effects on host physiology and pathology, currently emerging as one of investigational hotspots. [Objective] To explore Staphylococcus epidermidis effects on the developmental timing of Drosophila melanogaster. [Methods]The bacteria were isolated from the fly guts by carotenoid expression medium(CEM), and the bacterial species were further determined by using 16 S rRNA gene sequence. The growth and development of flies were detected. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the activation of the prothoracicotropic hormone(PTTH) and insulin pathway in flies. [Results] The isolated strain was identified as S. epidermis,which was able to effectively colonize in the guts of flies. S. epidermis accelerated the development of D.melanogaster by promoting the growth rate. At the molecular level, S. epidermis activated PTTH and insulin signals to stimulate the growth of hosts. [Conclusion] S. epidermis was a commensal bacterium of flies, which stimulated the growth and development of flies by regulating PTTH and insulin signals.
[Background] Animals harbor many microbial species that exert profound effects on host physiology and pathology, currently emerging as one of investigational hotspots. [Objective] To explore Staphylococcus epidermidis effects on the developmental timing of Drosophila melanogaster. [Methods]The bacteria were isolated from the fly guts by carotenoid expression medium(CEM), and the bacterial species were further determined by using 16 S rRNA gene sequence. The growth and development of flies were detected. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the activation of the prothoracicotropic hormone(PTTH) and insulin pathway in flies. [Results] The isolated strain was identified as S. epidermis,which was able to effectively colonize in the guts of flies. S. epidermis accelerated the development of D.melanogaster by promoting the growth rate. At the molecular level, S. epidermis activated PTTH and insulin signals to stimulate the growth of hosts. [Conclusion] S. epidermis was a commensal bacterium of flies, which stimulated the growth and development of flies by regulating PTTH and insulin signals.
引文
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[3]Ren CL,Webster P,Finkel SE,et al.Increased internal and external bacterial load during Drosophila aging without life-span trade-off[J].Cell Metabolism,2007,6(2):144-152
[4]Venema K.Role of gut microbiota in the control of energy and carbohydrate metabolism[J].Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,2010,13(4):432-438
[5]B?ckhed F,Fraser CM,Ringel Y,et al.Defining a healthy human gut microbiome:current concepts,future directions,and clinical applications[J].Cell Host&Microbe,2012,12(5):611-622
[6]Gabrieli P,Smidler A,Catteruccia F.Engineering the control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases[J].Genome Biology,2014,15(11):535
[7]Kloos WE,Musselwhite MS.Distribution and persistence of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species and other aerobic bacteria on human skin[J].Applied Microbiology,1975,30(3):381-385
[8]Iwase T,Uehara Y,Shinji H,et al.Staphylococcus epidermidis Esp inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization[J].Nature,2010,465(7296):346-349
[9]Cotter PD,Ross RP,Hill C.Bacteriocins-a viable alternative to antibiotics[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2013,11(2):95-105
[10]Heng NCK,Wescombe PA,Burton JP,et al.The diversity of bacteriocins in gram-positive bacteria[A]//Riley MA,Chavan MA.Bacteriocins:Ecology and Evolution[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2007:45-92
[11]Rogers KL,Fey PD,Rupp ME.Coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections[J].Infectious Disease Clinics of North America,2009,23(1):73-98
[12]Chu VH,Miro JM,Hoen B,et al.Coagulase-negative staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis-a contemporary update based on the international collaboration on endocarditis:prospective cohort study[J].Heart,2009,95(7):570-576
[13]Su LT,Liang JL,Guo XJ,et al.Comparison of methods for DNA extraction in Staphylococcus aureus[J].Journal of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,2011,24(1):15-19(in Chinese)苏丽婷,梁景龙,郭小建,等.金黄色葡萄球菌基因组DNA提取方法的比较[J].仲恺农业工程学院学报,2011,24(1):15-19
[14]Yao W,Zhu WY,Mao SY.Tracking of the development of fecal bacterial community of diarrhea piglets by 16S rDNAtechniques[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2006,46(1):150-153(in Chinese)姚文,朱伟云,毛胜勇.16S rDNA技术研究新生腹泻仔猪粪样细菌区系的多样性变化[J].微生物学报,2006,46(1):150-153
[15]Zhou W,Zhang WQ,Fu Y,et al.SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR detection of Escherichia coli in raw milk[J].China Dairy Industry,2009,37(11):39-42(in Chinese)周微,张伟钦,付宇,等.荧光定量PCR方法快速检测原料乳中的大肠杆菌[J].中国乳品工业,2009,37(11):39-42
[16]Storelli G,Defaye A,Erkosar B,et al.Lactobacillus plantarum promotes Drosophila systemic growth by modulating hormonal signals through TOR-dependent nutrient sensing[J].Cell Metabolism,2011,14(3):403-414
[17]Li YJ,Su WZ,Hu KK,et al.Lactobacillus plantarum promotes the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2017,60(5):544-552(in Chinese)李玉娟,苏琬真,胡坤坤,等.植物乳杆菌促进黑腹果蝇生长发育[J].昆虫学报,2017,60(5):544-552
[18]Garelli A,Gontijo A M,Miguela V,et al.Imaginal discs secrete insulin-like peptide 8 to mediate plasticity of growth and maturation[J].Science,2012,336(6081):579-582
[19]Rybczynski R.3.2-Prothoracicotropic hormone[J].Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science,2005,3:61-123
[20]Richard DS,Rybczynski R,Wilson TG,et al.Insulin signaling is necessary for vitellogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster independent of the roles of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids:female sterility of the chico1 insulin signaling mutation is autonomous to the ovary[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2005,51(4):455-464
[21]Sharon G,Segal D,Ringo JM,et al.Commensal bacteria play a role in mating preference of Drosophila melanogaster[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(46):20051-20056
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[23]Cao Y,Wang YY,Zheng XF,et al.RevEcoR:an R package for the reverse ecology analysis of microbiomes[J].BMCBioinformatics,2016,17:294
[24]Chaston JM,Dobson AJ,Newell PD,et al.Host genetic control of the microbiota mediates the Drosophila nutritional phenotype[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2015,82(2):671-679
[25]Erkosar B,Storelli G,Mitchell M,et al.Pathogen virulence impedes mutualist-mediated enhancement of host juvenile growth via inhibition of protein digestion[J].Cell Host&Microbe,2015,18(4):445-455