JAMSTEC运行管理与装备发展现状分析与启示
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摘要
面向2025年,世界各国在海洋领域展开了全面的体系竞争,世界海洋强国为确保其在海洋科技方面领先全球,纷纷建立和完善了海洋科研运行管理体系。在上述战略背景下,针对我国海洋研究机构运行管理特点与存在的问题,文中着重对日本海洋科学技术中心(JAMSTEC)发展运行机制现状进行了全面分析与研究,对其运行组织情况、技术装备发展情况、科学航次应用情况进行了深入剖析,重点分析了其运行机制和研究发展模式,最后,结合我国实际情况,就发展目标、发展特色、组织机构等方面提出了我国在海洋科学研究及业务化运行方面发展建议。
In order to meet their 2025 objectives, major countries have launched comprehensive and systematic competitions in the field of oceans. To secure a leading status in marine sci-tech development, maritime powers around the world have all established and improved their operational management systems for marine scientific research. Under such a context, the weak link in the management and research level in China has constituted a serious problem needed to be addressed, in order to facilitate the boom in marine research. For the purpose of drawing on overseas experience, the development and operating mechanisms of Japan Marine Science and Technology Center(JAMSTEC) have been surveyed and analyzed in a comprehensive manner, including its operating organization, development of technical equipment and the application of the scientific voyages, with special focus on its operating mechanism and development mode. Combined with China's status-quo in marine sci-tech development, some suggestions and recommendations are put forward in the aspects of development goals, development characteristics and organizational structure, so as to press ahead China's R&D strength in the sector of marine technologies.
In order to meet their 2025 objectives, major countries have launched comprehensive and systematic competitions in the field of oceans. To secure a leading status in marine sci-tech development, maritime powers around the world have all established and improved their operational management systems for marine scientific research. Under such a context, the weak link in the management and research level in China has constituted a serious problem needed to be addressed, in order to facilitate the boom in marine research. For the purpose of drawing on overseas experience, the development and operating mechanisms of Japan Marine Science and Technology Center(JAMSTEC) have been surveyed and analyzed in a comprehensive manner, including its operating organization, development of technical equipment and the application of the scientific voyages, with special focus on its operating mechanism and development mode. Combined with China's status-quo in marine sci-tech development, some suggestions and recommendations are put forward in the aspects of development goals, development characteristics and organizational structure, so as to press ahead China's R&D strength in the sector of marine technologies.
引文
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[18]郭志红.开发海底新世界──日本海洋科技中心的研发活动[J].国外科技动态,2000(9):12-13.
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[2]James P Barry.Revisiting the Challenger Deep Using the ROV Kaiko[J].Marine Technology Society Journal,2009,43(5):77-78.
[3]Wang Shuang.Main measures of developing marine strategic emerging industries in Japan and its reference to China[J].Journal of Northeast Asia Studies,2015(3):51-56..
[4]Liu Feng.Jiaolong Manned Submersible:A Decade’s Retrospect From 2002 to 2012[J].Marine Technology Society Journal,2014,48(3):7-16.
[5]Liu Lili.Japan Ocean Road[N].Guangming Daily,2013-06-15.
[6]Cui Weicheng.Development of the Jiaolong Deep Manned Submersible[J].Marine Technology Society Journal,2013,47(3):37-54.
[7]Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.Exploring Dynamics of Deep Sea and Its Link to Crustal Activity and Surface Environment[EB/OL].2014[2016-03-21].http://www.jamstec.go.jp/deep/e/
[8]Bowen AD,Yoerger D R,Whitcomb L L,et al.The Nereus hybrid underwater robotic vehicle[J].Underwater Technology,2009,28(3):79-89.
[9]Takagawa S Takahashi K,Sane T,et al.6500 m deep manned research submersible"SHINKAI 6500"system[J].OCEANS,1989,3(12):741-746.
[10]Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology-Japan.IODP:International Ocean Discover Program[EB/OL].2014[2016-03-21].http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/kaihatu/kaiyou/gaiyou/1343285.htm).
[11]Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.JAMSTEC Vision:An Integrated Understand ing of the Ocean,Earth,Life[EB/OL].2014[2015-06-12].http://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/about/vision/.http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2007-08/02/content_6466979.htm.
[12]Heirtzler J R,Grassle J F.Deep-Sea Research by Manned Submersibles[J].Science,1976,194(4262):294-299.
[13]横田公男,滨田馨,难波直爱,等.2000m deep submergence research vehicle”SHINKAI 2000”[J].三菱重工技报,1981,18(3):89-104.
[14]伊藤壽一郎.産経新聞地球最深部の海底へ「しんかい12000」開開本格化、資源探査は激戦[N/OL].[2014.05.26].http://www.sankei.com/life/news/150601/lif1506010015-n1.html
[15]Monma H.Japanese:Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC)challenging the deep sea.Proceedings of the Marine Science and Technology School[C/OL][2017.03].http://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/
[16]渡边昶彦,野田博昭,高桥宪二,等.10 000 m级无人探查机“かぃこぅ”ランチャ-システムの开发·建造[J].三菱重工技报,1995,32(6):427-432.
[17]陈春,高峰,鲁景亮,等.日本海洋科技战略计划与重点研究布局及其对我国的启示[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(12):1247-1254.
[18]郭志红.开发海底新世界──日本海洋科技中心的研发活动[J].国外科技动态,2000(9):12-13.
[19]Kohnen W.Manned submersible technology-opening the ocean to scientific study[C]//Oceans Conference,2003:2682-2685.
[20]Kudo,K.Overseas trends in the development of human occupied deep submersibles and a proposal for Japan’s way to take[J].Science&Technology Trends,2008,7(26):104-123.
[21]Kildow,J.T,&Mcllgorm,A.The importance of estimating the contribution of the oceans to national economies[J].Mar Policy,2010,34(3):367-374.
[22]Wiltshire,J C,Kerby T.Thesearch,discovery,and survey of a World War II Japanese type“A”midget submarine[J].Oceanography,2002,15(4):35-40.