2011～2013年我国出口水产品质量情况分析
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摘要
本文对我国2011~2013年水产品出口质量情况进行了分析,近3年我国水产品出口量基本保持稳定,出口金额稳中有升。目前我国出口水产品的质量安全已经达到可控状态,品质不合格、微生物污染、药残超标、含非食用添加物成为近3年来出口水产品4大主要不合格原因。通过对美国、欧盟和日本3个中国水产品主要出口国对我国水产品通报原因进行分析,提出加快海洋食品安全检测技术研究,加强监管力度,实现全过程安全监控;提高出口企业自主意识,强化企业主体责任落实;重视基础理论研究,提高海洋技术创新几点对策,为提高我国水产品质量安全水平,扩大水产品贸易提供参考。
In this paper, the situation of aquatic products export of China from 2011 to 2013 were analyzed. During these years, the output of Chinese export aquatic products remained stable while the export value rose steadily. The important obstacles in exporting aquatic products were spoilage, microbial contamination, drug residues and inedible additives. Through the analysis of three major exporters of Chinese aquatic products, some suggestions were put forward, including speeding up research in detection technology of marine food safety, strengthening supervision to achieve security monitoring during the whole process, improving self-awareness of export enterprises and emphasizing on basic theoretical research. The purpose of this paper is to provide references to ensure quality safety and expand trade of aquatic products export.
In this paper, the situation of aquatic products export of China from 2011 to 2013 were analyzed. During these years, the output of Chinese export aquatic products remained stable while the export value rose steadily. The important obstacles in exporting aquatic products were spoilage, microbial contamination, drug residues and inedible additives. Through the analysis of three major exporters of Chinese aquatic products, some suggestions were put forward, including speeding up research in detection technology of marine food safety, strengthening supervision to achieve security monitoring during the whole process, improving self-awareness of export enterprises and emphasizing on basic theoretical research. The purpose of this paper is to provide references to ensure quality safety and expand trade of aquatic products export.
引文
[1]2013年前3季度全国水产品进出口贸易情况[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/sjzz/yzjzw/yyywyzj/201311/t20131122_3683913.htm.2013-11-22.Import and export trade of aquatic products in China over three quarters of 2013[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/sjzz/yzjzw/yyywyzj/201311/t20131122_3683913.htm.2013-11-22.
[2]农业部渔业局.2012年全国水产品进出口贸易情况分析[J].中国水产,2013,4:29-30.The Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries Bureau.Analysis of import and export trade of aquatic products of China in 2012[J].Chin Fish,2013,4:29-30.
[3]刘晓亮,张少楠.我国水产品出口障碍分析和措施探讨[J].对外经贸实务,2012,8:51-53.Liu XL,Zhang SN.Obstacles and measurements of export aquatic products in China[J].Prac Foreign Econ Rela Trade,2012,8:51-53.
[4]李励年.全球主要渔业国家2011年水产品生产和与国际贸易回顾[J].渔业信息与战略,2012,27(1):74-81.Li LN.Production and review with the international trade of aquatic products in the world's major fisheries countries in2011[J].Fish Info Strategy,2012,27(1):74-81.
[5]孙琛,葛红云.中国水产品竞争力分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2012,12(6):93-97.Sun C,Ge HY.Analysis of the competitiveness of China’s aqua-products[J].J Northwest Sci-Technol Univ Agric For(Nat Sci Ed),2012,12(6):93-97.
[6]http://www.tbt-sps.gov.cn/riskinfo/riskanalyse/Pages/riskreport-c n.aspx[DB/OL]
[7]http://db.oodmate.net/[DB/OL]
[8]http://www.cappma.org/huiyuanzhichuang_index.php[EB/OL]
[9]水产罐头海外受宠[J].福建轻纺,2013,5:15-16.Popular canned seafood in abroad[J].Light Textile Ind Fujian,2013,5:15-16.
[10]林洪,杜淑媛.我国水产品出口存在的主要质量安全问题与对策[J].食品科学技术学报,2013,31(2):7-10.Lin H,Du SY.Problems and countermeasures of quality safety of aquatic products export in China[J].J Food Sci Technol,2013,31(2):7-10.
[11]Ottestad S,Enersen G,Wold JP.Effect of freezing temperature on the color of frozen salmon[J].J Food Sci,2011,76(7):423-427.
[12]美国FDA拒绝进口产品查询[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/fda/.Inquiries of import refusal products by FDA[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/fda/.
[13]郭文琦.我国水产品对日本出口问题研究[D].海口:海南大学,2011.Guo WQ.Research of China's aquatic products exported to Japan[D].Haikou:Hainan University,2011.
[14]输日食品违反日本食品卫生法情况查询[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/shuri/Inquiries of import products in violation of food hygiene law of Japan[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/shuri/
[15]赵金金.日本技术壁垒对我国食品出口的影响及对策分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Zhao JJ.Effects of Japanese technical trade barriers on Chinese export products and the countermeasures[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.
[16]马兵,穆迎春,宋怿,等.各国药物残留限量标准比对分析及对中国水产品出口贸易的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):398-402.Ma B,Mu YC,Song Y,et al.Comparative analysis of medicine maximum residue limit(MRL)standard and its relation with aquatic products trade in China[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,2010,26(17):398-402.
[17]欧盟食品和饲料类快速预警系统(RASFF)通报查询[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/rasff/Notification query by EU rapid alert system for food and feed(RASFF)[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/rasff/
[18]麦文伟.出口水产品如何跨越欧盟渔业新法规门槛[J].中国检验检疫,2010(1):49-50.Mai WW.How export aquatic products across the new regulations of EU fisheries[J].China Inspect Quarant,2010(1):49-50.
[19]林洪,李萌,曹立民.我国水产食品安全与质量控制研究现状和发展趋势[J].北京工商大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(1):1-4.Lin H,Li M,Cao LM.Research situation and developing tendency of aquatic products safety and quality control in China[J].J Beijing Technol Bus Univ,2012,30(1):1-4.
[20]乐家华,杨柳.我国水产品出口现状及发展对策分析[J].中国渔业经济,2012,2(30):124-130.Le JH,Yang L.Analysis of current situation and countermeasures of China’s aquatic products export[J].Chin Fish Econ,2012,2(30):124-130.
[21]麦康森.转变增长方式是我国水产养殖持续发展的必由之路[J].渔业信息与战略,2012,27(1):1-6.Mai KS.Change of growth pattern and sustainable development of aquaculture in China[J].Fish Info Strategy,2012,27(1):1-6.
[22]刘琪.积极应对技术性贸易壁垒促进水产品出口[J].中国水产,2013,9:31-33.Liu Q.Coping with technical barriers to promote the export of aquatic products[J].Chin Fish,2013,9:31-33.
[23]刘莹,朱崧琪,史卫军,等.技术性贸易壁垒下出口水产品监管思路的探讨[J].中国动物检疫,2012,29(10):65-68.Liu Y,Zhu SQ,Shi WJ,et al.Exploration of the thoughts on managements of aquatic products exportation under the influences of technical barriers[J].Chin Anim Health Inspect,2012,29(10):65-68.
[24]张建伦,杨丹妮.技术性贸易壁垒对我国水产品出口的影响[J].中国渔业经济,2012,4(30):73-78.Zhang JL,Yang DN.How did the technical barriers to trade affect the export of aquatic products in China[J].Chin Fish Econ,2012,4(30):73-78.
[2]农业部渔业局.2012年全国水产品进出口贸易情况分析[J].中国水产,2013,4:29-30.The Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries Bureau.Analysis of import and export trade of aquatic products of China in 2012[J].Chin Fish,2013,4:29-30.
[3]刘晓亮,张少楠.我国水产品出口障碍分析和措施探讨[J].对外经贸实务,2012,8:51-53.Liu XL,Zhang SN.Obstacles and measurements of export aquatic products in China[J].Prac Foreign Econ Rela Trade,2012,8:51-53.
[4]李励年.全球主要渔业国家2011年水产品生产和与国际贸易回顾[J].渔业信息与战略,2012,27(1):74-81.Li LN.Production and review with the international trade of aquatic products in the world's major fisheries countries in2011[J].Fish Info Strategy,2012,27(1):74-81.
[5]孙琛,葛红云.中国水产品竞争力分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2012,12(6):93-97.Sun C,Ge HY.Analysis of the competitiveness of China’s aqua-products[J].J Northwest Sci-Technol Univ Agric For(Nat Sci Ed),2012,12(6):93-97.
[6]http://www.tbt-sps.gov.cn/riskinfo/riskanalyse/Pages/riskreport-c n.aspx[DB/OL]
[7]http://db.oodmate.net/[DB/OL]
[8]http://www.cappma.org/huiyuanzhichuang_index.php[EB/OL]
[9]水产罐头海外受宠[J].福建轻纺,2013,5:15-16.Popular canned seafood in abroad[J].Light Textile Ind Fujian,2013,5:15-16.
[10]林洪,杜淑媛.我国水产品出口存在的主要质量安全问题与对策[J].食品科学技术学报,2013,31(2):7-10.Lin H,Du SY.Problems and countermeasures of quality safety of aquatic products export in China[J].J Food Sci Technol,2013,31(2):7-10.
[11]Ottestad S,Enersen G,Wold JP.Effect of freezing temperature on the color of frozen salmon[J].J Food Sci,2011,76(7):423-427.
[12]美国FDA拒绝进口产品查询[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/fda/.Inquiries of import refusal products by FDA[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/fda/.
[13]郭文琦.我国水产品对日本出口问题研究[D].海口:海南大学,2011.Guo WQ.Research of China's aquatic products exported to Japan[D].Haikou:Hainan University,2011.
[14]输日食品违反日本食品卫生法情况查询[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/shuri/Inquiries of import products in violation of food hygiene law of Japan[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/shuri/
[15]赵金金.日本技术壁垒对我国食品出口的影响及对策分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Zhao JJ.Effects of Japanese technical trade barriers on Chinese export products and the countermeasures[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.
[16]马兵,穆迎春,宋怿,等.各国药物残留限量标准比对分析及对中国水产品出口贸易的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):398-402.Ma B,Mu YC,Song Y,et al.Comparative analysis of medicine maximum residue limit(MRL)standard and its relation with aquatic products trade in China[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,2010,26(17):398-402.
[17]欧盟食品和饲料类快速预警系统(RASFF)通报查询[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/rasff/Notification query by EU rapid alert system for food and feed(RASFF)[DB/OL].http://db.foodmate.net/rasff/
[18]麦文伟.出口水产品如何跨越欧盟渔业新法规门槛[J].中国检验检疫,2010(1):49-50.Mai WW.How export aquatic products across the new regulations of EU fisheries[J].China Inspect Quarant,2010(1):49-50.
[19]林洪,李萌,曹立民.我国水产食品安全与质量控制研究现状和发展趋势[J].北京工商大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(1):1-4.Lin H,Li M,Cao LM.Research situation and developing tendency of aquatic products safety and quality control in China[J].J Beijing Technol Bus Univ,2012,30(1):1-4.
[20]乐家华,杨柳.我国水产品出口现状及发展对策分析[J].中国渔业经济,2012,2(30):124-130.Le JH,Yang L.Analysis of current situation and countermeasures of China’s aquatic products export[J].Chin Fish Econ,2012,2(30):124-130.
[21]麦康森.转变增长方式是我国水产养殖持续发展的必由之路[J].渔业信息与战略,2012,27(1):1-6.Mai KS.Change of growth pattern and sustainable development of aquaculture in China[J].Fish Info Strategy,2012,27(1):1-6.
[22]刘琪.积极应对技术性贸易壁垒促进水产品出口[J].中国水产,2013,9:31-33.Liu Q.Coping with technical barriers to promote the export of aquatic products[J].Chin Fish,2013,9:31-33.
[23]刘莹,朱崧琪,史卫军,等.技术性贸易壁垒下出口水产品监管思路的探讨[J].中国动物检疫,2012,29(10):65-68.Liu Y,Zhu SQ,Shi WJ,et al.Exploration of the thoughts on managements of aquatic products exportation under the influences of technical barriers[J].Chin Anim Health Inspect,2012,29(10):65-68.
[24]张建伦,杨丹妮.技术性贸易壁垒对我国水产品出口的影响[J].中国渔业经济,2012,4(30):73-78.Zhang JL,Yang DN.How did the technical barriers to trade affect the export of aquatic products in China[J].Chin Fish Econ,2012,4(30):73-78.