海洋数据同化与数据融合技术应用综述
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摘要
简述了不同数据同化和数据融合方法在海洋环境监测与预测方面的应用、国内外相关业务单位的海洋分析和预报系统的现状,以及海洋数据同化将来的业务化应用的发展趋势。四维变分和集合卡尔曼滤波正在成为国际上海洋环境分析与预报的主要应用方向,海-气耦合数据同化以及海冰数据同化是目前数据同化方法研究的热点。
This paper briefly introduces the application of data assimilation and data fusion techniques in ocean environment monitoring and forecasting, the status of related operational ocean analysis and forecast systems, and the development trend of future operational application of ocean data assimilation. Four-dimensional variation analysis and ensemble Kalman filter are emerging as the main tools of ocean dynamic environment analysis and forecast across the world. Oceanic and atmospheric coupled data assimilation and sea ice data assimilation are two hot topics in ocean data assimilation research.
This paper briefly introduces the application of data assimilation and data fusion techniques in ocean environment monitoring and forecasting, the status of related operational ocean analysis and forecast systems, and the development trend of future operational application of ocean data assimilation. Four-dimensional variation analysis and ensemble Kalman filter are emerging as the main tools of ocean dynamic environment analysis and forecast across the world. Oceanic and atmospheric coupled data assimilation and sea ice data assimilation are two hot topics in ocean data assimilation research.
引文
[1]马寨璞,井爱芹.海洋科学中的数据同化方法——意义、结构与发展现状[J].海岸工程,2005,24(4):83-99.
[2]White W B,Graham N,Tai C K.Reflection of Annual Rossby Waves at the Maritime Western Boundary of the Tropical Pacific[J].J Geophys Res,1990,95(C3):3101-3116.
[3]Dombrowski E,De Mey P.Continuous Assimilation in an Open Domain of the Northeast Atlantic:Methodology and Application[J].J Geophys Res,1992,97:9719-9731.
[4]朱江,徐迎春,王赐震,等.海温数值预报资料同化试验I:客观分析的最优插值法试验[J].海洋学报,1995,17(6):9-20.
[5]Cooper M,Haines K.Altimetric Assimilation with Water Property Conservation[J].J Geophys Res,1996,101(C1):1059-1077.
[6]Carton J A,Giese B S.A Reanalysis of Ocean Climate Using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)[J].Mon Wea Rev,2008,136:2999-3017.
[7]Evensen G.The Ensemble Kalman Filter:Theoretical Formulation and Practical Implementation[J].Ocean Dynamics,2003,53:343-367.
[8]万莉颖,陈建新.一个简单的集合最优插值方法在太平洋高度计资料同化中的应用[J].海洋预报,2011,28(3):1-7.
[9]Oke P R,Brassington G B,Griffin D A,et al.The Bluelink Ocean Data Assimilation System(BODAS)[J].Ocean Modelling,2008,21:46-70.
[10]Reynolds R W,Smith T M.Improved Global Sea Surface Temperature Analyses Using Optimum Interpolation[J].J Clim,1994,7:929-948.
[11]Reynolds R W,Smith T M,Liu C,et al.Daily High-Resolution Blended Analyses for Sea Surface Temperature[J].J Clim,2007,20:5473-5496.
[12]Reynolds R W,Rayner N A,Smith T M,et al.An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate[J].2002,15:1609-1625.
[13]Ducet N,Le Traon P Y,Reverdin G.Global High Resolution Mapping of Ocean Circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and-2[J].J Geophys Res,2000,105:19477-19498.
[14]官元红,周广庆,陆维松,等.资料同化方法的理论发展及应用综述[J].气象与减灾研究,2007,30(4):1-8.
[15]Han G J,Zhu J,Zhou G Q.Salinity Estimation Using the T-S Relation in the Context of Variational Data Assimilation[J].J Geophys Res,2003,109,c03018.doi:10.1029/2003JC001781.
[16]Zhu J,Zhou G Q,Yan C X,et al.A Three-Dimensional Variational Ocean Data Assimilation System:Scheme and Preliminary Results[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2006,49(11):1212-1222.
[17]He Z J,Xie Y F,Li W,et al.Application of the Sequential Three-Dimensional Variational Method on Assimilating SST in a Global Ocean Model[J].J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2008,25(6):1018-1033.
[18]Li W,Xie Y F,He Z J,et al.Application of the Multigrid Data Assimilation Scheme to the China Seas’Temperature Forecast[J].J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2008,25(11):2106-2116.
[19]Xie Y F,Koch S,Mcginley J,et al.A Space-Time Multi-scale Analysis System:A Sequential Variational Analysis Approach[J].Mon Wea Rev,2012,139:1224-1240.
[20]Storkey D,Blockley E W,Furner R,et al.Forecasting the Ocean State Using NEMO:The New FOAM System[J].J.Operational Oceanography,2010,3:3-15.
[21]Chassignet E P,Hurlburt H E,Metzger E J,et al.U.S.GODAE:Global Ocean Prediction with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)[J].Oceanography,2009,22(2):64-75.
[22]Metzger E J,Smedstad O M,Thoppil P,et al.Validation Test Report for the Global Ocean Forecast System V3.0-1/12°HYCOM/NCODA:Phase II.[R].NRL Memo Report,2010,NRL/MR/7320-09-9236.
[23]Balmaseda M A,Mogensen K,Weaver A.Evaluation of the ECMWF Ocean Reanalysis ORAS4[J].Q J R Meteorol Soc,2013.DOI:10.1002/qj.2063.
[24]Dee D P,et al.Toward a Consistent Reanalysis of the Climate System[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2014,95:1235-1248.
[25]Martin M J,Hines A,Bell M J.Data Assimilation in the FOAM Operational Short-Range Ocean Forecasting System:a Description of the Scheme and Its Impact[J].Q J Roy Meteor Soc,2007,133:59-89.
[26]Han G J,Li W,Zhang X F,et al.A Regional Ocean Reanalysis System for Coastal Waters of China and Adjacent Seas[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2011,28(3):682-690.
[27]Yu L S,J J O’Brien.Variational Estimation of the Wind Stress Drag Coefficient and the Oceanic Eddy Viscosity Profile[J].J Phys Oceanogr,1991,21:709-719.
[28]Lardner,R W,Y Song.Optimal Estimation of Eddy Viscosity and Friction Coefficients for a Quasi-Three-Dimensional Numerical Tidal Model[J].Atmosphere-Ocean,1995,33(3):581-611.
[29]王东晓,朱江.伴随方法在海洋数值模式中的应用[J].地球物理进展,1997,12(1):98-107.
[30]朱江,曾庆存,郭冬建,等.利用伴随算子法从岸边潮位站资料估计近岸模式的开边界条件[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(5):462-468.
[31]兰健.资料同化中的伴随方法及其在海洋中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1998,28(2):174-178.
[32]张爱军.最优变分伴随方法及在近岸水位资料同化中的应用[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2000.
[33]韩桂军,何柏荣,马继瑞,等.关于二阶伴随模型的理论研究[J].海洋学报,2000,22(3):16-20.
[34]韩桂军.伴随法在潮汐和海温数值计算中的应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2001.
[35]吕咸青,方国洪.渤海开边界潮汐的伴随法反演[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(2):113-120.
[36]Han G J,Li W,He Z J,et al.Assimilated Tidal Results of Tide Gauge and TOPEX/POSEIDON Data over the China Seas Using a Variational Adjoint Approach with a Nonlinear Numerical Model[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2006,23(3):449-460.
[37]张学峰,韩桂军,吴新荣,等.同化海温观测数据研究波浪破碎对海洋上层结构的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(5):48-54.
[38]Peng S Q,Y N Li,L Xie.Adjusting the Wind Stress Drag Coefficient in Storm Surge Forecasting Using an Adjoint Technique[J].J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2013,30:590-608.
[39]Burnett W,Harper S,Preller R,et al.Overview of Operational Ocean Forecasting in the US Navy:Past,Present,and Future[J].Oceanography,2014,27(3):24-31.
[40]Mogensen K S,Balmaseda M A,Weaver A T,et al.‘NEMOVAR:a Variational Data Assimilation System for the NEMO Ocean Model’[R].In ECMWF Newsletter 120,2009.
[41]Usui N,Ishizaki S,Fujii Y,et al.Meteorological Research Institute Multivariate Ocean Variational Estimation(MOVE)System:Some Early Results[J].Adv Spa Res,2006,37:806-822.
[42]Kalman R E.A New Approach to Linear Filter and Prediction Problems[J].J Basic Eng,1960,82(3):35-45.
[43]Miller R N.Direct Assimilation of Altimetric Differences Using the Kalman Filter[J].Dyn Atmos Oceans,1989,13:317-333.
[44]Evensen G.Sequential Data Assimilation with a Nonlinear Quasi-Geotropic Model Using Montre Carlo Methods to Forecast Error Statics[J].J Geophys Res,1994,99(C5):10143-10162.
[45]Haugen V E,Evensen G,Johannessen O M.Assimilation of SLA and SST Data into an OGCM for the Indian ocean[J].Ocean Dynamics,2002,52:133-151.
[46]万丽颖.集合同化方法在太平洋海洋高度计资料同化中的应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所,2006.
[47]Samuelsen A,Bertino L,Hansen C.Impact of Data Assimilation of Physical Variables on the Spring Bloom from TOPAZ Operational Runs in the North Atlantic[J].Ocean Science,2009,vol.5.
[48]Zhang S,Harrison M J,Rosati A,et al.System Design and Evaluation of Coupled Ensemble Data Assimilation for Global Oceanic Climate Studies[J].Mon Wea Rev,2007,135:3541-3564.
[49]Chen D K,Cane M A.El Ni觡o Prediction and Predictability[J].J Comput Phys,2008,227:3625-3640.
[50]Zhang S,Winton M,Rosati A,et al.Impact of Enthalpy-Based Ensemble Filtering Sea-Ice Data Assimilation on Decadal Predictions:Simulation with a Simple Pycnocline Prediction Model[J].J Clim,2013.doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00714.1.
[51]PrivéN C,Xie Y F,Koch S,et al.An Observing System Simulation Experiment for the Unmanned Aircraft System Data Impact on Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts[J].Mon Wea Rev,2014,142(11):4357-4363.
[2]White W B,Graham N,Tai C K.Reflection of Annual Rossby Waves at the Maritime Western Boundary of the Tropical Pacific[J].J Geophys Res,1990,95(C3):3101-3116.
[3]Dombrowski E,De Mey P.Continuous Assimilation in an Open Domain of the Northeast Atlantic:Methodology and Application[J].J Geophys Res,1992,97:9719-9731.
[4]朱江,徐迎春,王赐震,等.海温数值预报资料同化试验I:客观分析的最优插值法试验[J].海洋学报,1995,17(6):9-20.
[5]Cooper M,Haines K.Altimetric Assimilation with Water Property Conservation[J].J Geophys Res,1996,101(C1):1059-1077.
[6]Carton J A,Giese B S.A Reanalysis of Ocean Climate Using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)[J].Mon Wea Rev,2008,136:2999-3017.
[7]Evensen G.The Ensemble Kalman Filter:Theoretical Formulation and Practical Implementation[J].Ocean Dynamics,2003,53:343-367.
[8]万莉颖,陈建新.一个简单的集合最优插值方法在太平洋高度计资料同化中的应用[J].海洋预报,2011,28(3):1-7.
[9]Oke P R,Brassington G B,Griffin D A,et al.The Bluelink Ocean Data Assimilation System(BODAS)[J].Ocean Modelling,2008,21:46-70.
[10]Reynolds R W,Smith T M.Improved Global Sea Surface Temperature Analyses Using Optimum Interpolation[J].J Clim,1994,7:929-948.
[11]Reynolds R W,Smith T M,Liu C,et al.Daily High-Resolution Blended Analyses for Sea Surface Temperature[J].J Clim,2007,20:5473-5496.
[12]Reynolds R W,Rayner N A,Smith T M,et al.An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate[J].2002,15:1609-1625.
[13]Ducet N,Le Traon P Y,Reverdin G.Global High Resolution Mapping of Ocean Circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and-2[J].J Geophys Res,2000,105:19477-19498.
[14]官元红,周广庆,陆维松,等.资料同化方法的理论发展及应用综述[J].气象与减灾研究,2007,30(4):1-8.
[15]Han G J,Zhu J,Zhou G Q.Salinity Estimation Using the T-S Relation in the Context of Variational Data Assimilation[J].J Geophys Res,2003,109,c03018.doi:10.1029/2003JC001781.
[16]Zhu J,Zhou G Q,Yan C X,et al.A Three-Dimensional Variational Ocean Data Assimilation System:Scheme and Preliminary Results[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2006,49(11):1212-1222.
[17]He Z J,Xie Y F,Li W,et al.Application of the Sequential Three-Dimensional Variational Method on Assimilating SST in a Global Ocean Model[J].J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2008,25(6):1018-1033.
[18]Li W,Xie Y F,He Z J,et al.Application of the Multigrid Data Assimilation Scheme to the China Seas’Temperature Forecast[J].J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2008,25(11):2106-2116.
[19]Xie Y F,Koch S,Mcginley J,et al.A Space-Time Multi-scale Analysis System:A Sequential Variational Analysis Approach[J].Mon Wea Rev,2012,139:1224-1240.
[20]Storkey D,Blockley E W,Furner R,et al.Forecasting the Ocean State Using NEMO:The New FOAM System[J].J.Operational Oceanography,2010,3:3-15.
[21]Chassignet E P,Hurlburt H E,Metzger E J,et al.U.S.GODAE:Global Ocean Prediction with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)[J].Oceanography,2009,22(2):64-75.
[22]Metzger E J,Smedstad O M,Thoppil P,et al.Validation Test Report for the Global Ocean Forecast System V3.0-1/12°HYCOM/NCODA:Phase II.[R].NRL Memo Report,2010,NRL/MR/7320-09-9236.
[23]Balmaseda M A,Mogensen K,Weaver A.Evaluation of the ECMWF Ocean Reanalysis ORAS4[J].Q J R Meteorol Soc,2013.DOI:10.1002/qj.2063.
[24]Dee D P,et al.Toward a Consistent Reanalysis of the Climate System[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2014,95:1235-1248.
[25]Martin M J,Hines A,Bell M J.Data Assimilation in the FOAM Operational Short-Range Ocean Forecasting System:a Description of the Scheme and Its Impact[J].Q J Roy Meteor Soc,2007,133:59-89.
[26]Han G J,Li W,Zhang X F,et al.A Regional Ocean Reanalysis System for Coastal Waters of China and Adjacent Seas[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2011,28(3):682-690.
[27]Yu L S,J J O’Brien.Variational Estimation of the Wind Stress Drag Coefficient and the Oceanic Eddy Viscosity Profile[J].J Phys Oceanogr,1991,21:709-719.
[28]Lardner,R W,Y Song.Optimal Estimation of Eddy Viscosity and Friction Coefficients for a Quasi-Three-Dimensional Numerical Tidal Model[J].Atmosphere-Ocean,1995,33(3):581-611.
[29]王东晓,朱江.伴随方法在海洋数值模式中的应用[J].地球物理进展,1997,12(1):98-107.
[30]朱江,曾庆存,郭冬建,等.利用伴随算子法从岸边潮位站资料估计近岸模式的开边界条件[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(5):462-468.
[31]兰健.资料同化中的伴随方法及其在海洋中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1998,28(2):174-178.
[32]张爱军.最优变分伴随方法及在近岸水位资料同化中的应用[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2000.
[33]韩桂军,何柏荣,马继瑞,等.关于二阶伴随模型的理论研究[J].海洋学报,2000,22(3):16-20.
[34]韩桂军.伴随法在潮汐和海温数值计算中的应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2001.
[35]吕咸青,方国洪.渤海开边界潮汐的伴随法反演[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(2):113-120.
[36]Han G J,Li W,He Z J,et al.Assimilated Tidal Results of Tide Gauge and TOPEX/POSEIDON Data over the China Seas Using a Variational Adjoint Approach with a Nonlinear Numerical Model[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2006,23(3):449-460.
[37]张学峰,韩桂军,吴新荣,等.同化海温观测数据研究波浪破碎对海洋上层结构的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(5):48-54.
[38]Peng S Q,Y N Li,L Xie.Adjusting the Wind Stress Drag Coefficient in Storm Surge Forecasting Using an Adjoint Technique[J].J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2013,30:590-608.
[39]Burnett W,Harper S,Preller R,et al.Overview of Operational Ocean Forecasting in the US Navy:Past,Present,and Future[J].Oceanography,2014,27(3):24-31.
[40]Mogensen K S,Balmaseda M A,Weaver A T,et al.‘NEMOVAR:a Variational Data Assimilation System for the NEMO Ocean Model’[R].In ECMWF Newsletter 120,2009.
[41]Usui N,Ishizaki S,Fujii Y,et al.Meteorological Research Institute Multivariate Ocean Variational Estimation(MOVE)System:Some Early Results[J].Adv Spa Res,2006,37:806-822.
[42]Kalman R E.A New Approach to Linear Filter and Prediction Problems[J].J Basic Eng,1960,82(3):35-45.
[43]Miller R N.Direct Assimilation of Altimetric Differences Using the Kalman Filter[J].Dyn Atmos Oceans,1989,13:317-333.
[44]Evensen G.Sequential Data Assimilation with a Nonlinear Quasi-Geotropic Model Using Montre Carlo Methods to Forecast Error Statics[J].J Geophys Res,1994,99(C5):10143-10162.
[45]Haugen V E,Evensen G,Johannessen O M.Assimilation of SLA and SST Data into an OGCM for the Indian ocean[J].Ocean Dynamics,2002,52:133-151.
[46]万丽颖.集合同化方法在太平洋海洋高度计资料同化中的应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所,2006.
[47]Samuelsen A,Bertino L,Hansen C.Impact of Data Assimilation of Physical Variables on the Spring Bloom from TOPAZ Operational Runs in the North Atlantic[J].Ocean Science,2009,vol.5.
[48]Zhang S,Harrison M J,Rosati A,et al.System Design and Evaluation of Coupled Ensemble Data Assimilation for Global Oceanic Climate Studies[J].Mon Wea Rev,2007,135:3541-3564.
[49]Chen D K,Cane M A.El Ni觡o Prediction and Predictability[J].J Comput Phys,2008,227:3625-3640.
[50]Zhang S,Winton M,Rosati A,et al.Impact of Enthalpy-Based Ensemble Filtering Sea-Ice Data Assimilation on Decadal Predictions:Simulation with a Simple Pycnocline Prediction Model[J].J Clim,2013.doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00714.1.
[51]PrivéN C,Xie Y F,Koch S,et al.An Observing System Simulation Experiment for the Unmanned Aircraft System Data Impact on Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts[J].Mon Wea Rev,2014,142(11):4357-4363.