海湾扇贝碳氮稳定同位素的分馏系数和转化率研究
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摘要
应用稳定同位素技术检测了海湾扇贝肝胰脏、性腺、闭壳肌3种组织及其饵料的C、N稳定同位素比值,对海湾扇贝3种组织C、N稳定同位素的分馏系数和转化率进行研究。试验结果表明,海湾扇贝的体质量和壳高均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),3种组织C、N稳定同位素变化主要由新陈代谢引起。相同年龄、不同规格海湾扇贝的δ~(13) C、δ~(15) N值无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验前后,肝胰脏和性腺组织的δ~(13) C、δ~(15) N值均发生显著变化(P<0.05),C同位素分馏系数分别为3.92‰、2.15‰,N同位素分馏系数分别为1.84‰、7.84‰,而闭壳肌组织的δ~(13) C、δ~(15) N值未发生显著变化(P>0.05),未得出其有效的C、N同位素分馏系数。肝胰腺和性腺组织的N元素半衰期(20d)是C元素半衰期(10d)的两倍。该研究结果可为海湾扇贝等贝类饵料来源、基础生物学研究及海洋食物网的科学构建提供科学依据。
The values of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were evaluated in hepatopancreas,gonad and adductor muscle of bay scallop Argopecten irradias with body weight of(30.23±3.25)g and(19.06±3.12)g by application of stable isotope technique and the carbon and fractionation and turnover of the nitrogen stable isotopes were analyzed in the tissues above.The results showed that no significant difference was found in body weight and shell height of the scallop and that the changes in the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope in the 3 tissues were primarily caused by the metabolism.There were no significant differences in values of δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N in the scallop with the same age and different sizes,and the values of δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N were significantly differences in hepatopancreas and gonad at the end of the experiment,with carbon isotope fractionation of 3.92‰in hepatopancreas and 2.15‰ in gonad,and nitrogen isotope fractionation of 1.84‰in hepatopancreas and 7.84‰in gonad.No significant changes in values of δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N in adductor were observed(P>0.05)without effective carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionations.It was found that the half-life of nitrogen(20 d)was twice as much as carbon(10 d)in hepatopancreas and gonad.The findings can provide references with the research of diet resources,basic biology and marine food webs in bay scallop.
The values of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were evaluated in hepatopancreas,gonad and adductor muscle of bay scallop Argopecten irradias with body weight of(30.23±3.25)g and(19.06±3.12)g by application of stable isotope technique and the carbon and fractionation and turnover of the nitrogen stable isotopes were analyzed in the tissues above.The results showed that no significant difference was found in body weight and shell height of the scallop and that the changes in the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope in the 3 tissues were primarily caused by the metabolism.There were no significant differences in values of δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N in the scallop with the same age and different sizes,and the values of δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N were significantly differences in hepatopancreas and gonad at the end of the experiment,with carbon isotope fractionation of 3.92‰in hepatopancreas and 2.15‰ in gonad,and nitrogen isotope fractionation of 1.84‰in hepatopancreas and 7.84‰in gonad.No significant changes in values of δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N in adductor were observed(P>0.05)without effective carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionations.It was found that the half-life of nitrogen(20 d)was twice as much as carbon(10 d)in hepatopancreas and gonad.The findings can provide references with the research of diet resources,basic biology and marine food webs in bay scallop.
引文
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[21]周晖,陈刚,施钢,等.不同蛋白源对军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(5):35-40.
[22]张妙,陈新军,陈亚,等.黄颡鱼不同组织碳氮稳定同位素的周转与分馏研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(6):822-830.
[23]Hobson K A,Bairlein F.Isotopic fractionatin and turnover in captive garden warblers(Sylvia borin):implications for delineating dietary and migratory associations in wild passerines[J].Can J Zool,2003,81(9):1630-1635.
[24]Yoneyama T,Ohta Y,Ohtani T.Variations of natural 13 C and 15 N abundances in the rat tissues and their correlation[J].Radioisotopes,1983,32(7):330-332.
[25]Hesslein R H,Hallard K A,Ramlal P.Replacement of sulfur,carbon,and nitrogen in tissue of growing broad whitefish(Coregonus nasus)in response to a change in diet traced byδ34 S,δ13 C,andδ15 N[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1993,50(6):2071-2076.
[26]Fry B,Arnold C.Rapid 13 C/12 C turnover during growth of brown shrimp(Penaeus aztecus)[J].Oecologia,1982,54(2):200-204.
[27]Herzka S Z,Holt G J.Changes in isotopic composition of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)larvae in response to dietary shifts:potential pplications to settlement studies[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,2000,57(1):137-147.
[28]Yokoyama H,Tamaki A,Harada K,et al.Variability of diet-tissue isotopic fractionation in estuarine macrobenthos[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,2005,296(1):115-128.
[29]Macneil M A,Drouillard K G,Fisk A T.Variable uptake and elimination of stable nitrogen isotopes between tissues in fish[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,2006,63(2):345-353.
[30]Logan J,Haas H,Deegan L,et al.International association for ecology turnover rates of nitrogen stable isotopes in the salt marsh mummichog,fundulusheteroclitus,following a laboratory diet switch[J].Oecologia,2006,147(3):391-395.
[31]Bosley K L,Witting D A,Chambers R C,et al.Estimating turnover rates of carbon and nitrogen in recently metamorphosed winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus with stable isotopes[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,2002,236(7):233-240.
[32]Laurence G C.Laboratory growth and metabolism of the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus from hatching through metamorphosis at three temperatures[J].Mar Biol,1975,32(3):223-229.
[33]林瑞才,林笔水.温、盐度对海湾扇贝稚贝迁移行为、生长和存活影响的实验[J].应用海洋学学报,1991(2):133-138.
[34]Deniro M J,Epstein S.Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid synthesis[J].Science,1977,197(4300):261-263.
[35]Napolitano G E,Ackman R G.Anatomical distributions and temporal variations of lipid classes in sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus(gmelin)from Georges Bank(Nova Scotia)[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1992,103(3):645-650.
[2]Dubois S,Jean-Louis B,Bertrand B,et al.Isotope trophic-step fractionation of suspension-feeding species:implications for food partitioning in coastal ecosystems[J].J Exp Mar Bio Ecol,2007,351(2):121-128.
[3]Deniro M J,Epstein S.Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals[J].GeochimCosmochim Acta,1978,42(5):495-506.
[4]Deniro M J,Epstein S.Influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1981,45(3):341-351.
[5]Peterson B J,Fry B.Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies[J].Annu Rev Ecol Syst,1987,18(1):293-320.
[6]Post D M.Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position:models,methods,and assumptions[J].Ecology,2002,83(3):703-718.
[7]Roth J D,Hobson K A.Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and tissue of captive red fox:implications for dietary reconstruction[J].Can J Zool,2000,78(5):848-852.
[8]Gamboa-Delgado J,Le Vay L.Natural stable isotopes as indicators of the relative contribution of soy protein and fish meal to tissue growth in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)fed compound diets[J].Aquaculture,2009,291(1/2):115-123.
[9]Gearing J N,Gearing P J,Rudnick D T,et al.Isotopic variability of organic carbon in a phytoplanktonbased,temperate estuary[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1984,48(5):1089-1098.
[10]Mc Cutchan Jr J H,Lewis Jr W M,Kendall C,et al.Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur[J].Oikos,2003,102(2):378-390.
[11]Fry B.Food web structure on Georges Bank from stable C,N,and S isotopic compositions[J].Limnol Oceanogr,1988,33(5):1182-1190.
[12]Hobson K,Clark R.Assessing avian diets using stable isotopesⅠ:turnover of 13 C in tissues[J].Condor,1992,94(1):181-188.
[13]Tieszen L L,Boutton T W,Tesdahl K G,et al.Fractionation and turnover forδ13 C analysis of diet in animal tissues:implications forδ13 C analysis of diet[J].Ecology,1983,57(1):32-37.
[14]Guelinckx J,Maes J,Van Den Driessche P,et al.Changes inδ13 C andδ15 N in different tissues of juvenile sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus:a laboratory diet-switch experiment[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,2007,341(1):205-215.
[15]蔡德陵,洪旭光,毛兴华,等.崂山湾潮间带食物网结构的碳稳定同位素初步研究[J].海洋学报,2011,23(4):41-47.
[16]崔莹.基于稳定同位素和脂肪酸组成的中国近海生态系统物质流动研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.
[17]彭士明,施兆鸿,尹飞,等.利用碳氮稳定同位素技术分析东海银鲳食性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(7):1565-1569.
[18]颜云榕,张武科,卢伙胜,等.应用碳、氮稳定同位素研究北部湾带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)食性及营养级[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(1):192-200.
[19]金波昌.池塘养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)食物来源的稳定同位素法研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[20]曾庆飞,谷孝鸿,毛志刚,等.同位素富集-稀释法研究食性转变对鱼类不同组织N同位素转化率的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1257-1263.
[21]周晖,陈刚,施钢,等.不同蛋白源对军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(5):35-40.
[22]张妙,陈新军,陈亚,等.黄颡鱼不同组织碳氮稳定同位素的周转与分馏研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(6):822-830.
[23]Hobson K A,Bairlein F.Isotopic fractionatin and turnover in captive garden warblers(Sylvia borin):implications for delineating dietary and migratory associations in wild passerines[J].Can J Zool,2003,81(9):1630-1635.
[24]Yoneyama T,Ohta Y,Ohtani T.Variations of natural 13 C and 15 N abundances in the rat tissues and their correlation[J].Radioisotopes,1983,32(7):330-332.
[25]Hesslein R H,Hallard K A,Ramlal P.Replacement of sulfur,carbon,and nitrogen in tissue of growing broad whitefish(Coregonus nasus)in response to a change in diet traced byδ34 S,δ13 C,andδ15 N[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1993,50(6):2071-2076.
[26]Fry B,Arnold C.Rapid 13 C/12 C turnover during growth of brown shrimp(Penaeus aztecus)[J].Oecologia,1982,54(2):200-204.
[27]Herzka S Z,Holt G J.Changes in isotopic composition of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)larvae in response to dietary shifts:potential pplications to settlement studies[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,2000,57(1):137-147.
[28]Yokoyama H,Tamaki A,Harada K,et al.Variability of diet-tissue isotopic fractionation in estuarine macrobenthos[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,2005,296(1):115-128.
[29]Macneil M A,Drouillard K G,Fisk A T.Variable uptake and elimination of stable nitrogen isotopes between tissues in fish[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,2006,63(2):345-353.
[30]Logan J,Haas H,Deegan L,et al.International association for ecology turnover rates of nitrogen stable isotopes in the salt marsh mummichog,fundulusheteroclitus,following a laboratory diet switch[J].Oecologia,2006,147(3):391-395.
[31]Bosley K L,Witting D A,Chambers R C,et al.Estimating turnover rates of carbon and nitrogen in recently metamorphosed winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus with stable isotopes[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,2002,236(7):233-240.
[32]Laurence G C.Laboratory growth and metabolism of the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus from hatching through metamorphosis at three temperatures[J].Mar Biol,1975,32(3):223-229.
[33]林瑞才,林笔水.温、盐度对海湾扇贝稚贝迁移行为、生长和存活影响的实验[J].应用海洋学学报,1991(2):133-138.
[34]Deniro M J,Epstein S.Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid synthesis[J].Science,1977,197(4300):261-263.
[35]Napolitano G E,Ackman R G.Anatomical distributions and temporal variations of lipid classes in sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus(gmelin)from Georges Bank(Nova Scotia)[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1992,103(3):645-650.