A Study of Washback Effect on Nautical English for Second Mate and Third Mate
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摘要
The impacts of testing on teaching and learning are called backwash effect which can be divided into positive effect and negative one.Nautical English test aims to assess students' English competence by means of the Examination of Seafarers for Competency Certificate.This is an important nationwide testing and is bound to exert effects on nautical English teaching and learning.This study investigates nautical English teachers and examinees through questionnaire and interview to have a general understanding of how they evaluate it,as well as what effects the testing have on teaching and learning.
The impacts of testing on teaching and learning are called backwash effect which can be divided into positive effect and negative one.Nautical English test aims to assess students' English competence by means of the Examination of Seafarers for Competency Certificate.This is an important nationwide testing and is bound to exert effects on nautical English teaching and learning.This study investigates nautical English teachers and examinees through questionnaire and interview to have a general understanding of how they evaluate it,as well as what effects the testing have on teaching and learning.
The impacts of testing on teaching and learning are called backwash effect which can be divided into positive effect and negative one.Nautical English test aims to assess students' English competence by means of the Examination of Seafarers for Competency Certificate.This is an important nationwide testing and is bound to exert effects on nautical English teaching and learning.This study investigates nautical English teachers and examinees through questionnaire and interview to have a general understanding of how they evaluate it,as well as what effects the testing have on teaching and learning.
引文
[1]J.Charles Alderson.Does Washback Exist?[J].Applied Linguistics,1993,14(2):155.
[2]Smith,Mary Lee.Put to the Test:The Effects of External Testing on Teachers[J].Educational Researcher,1991,20(5):8-11.
[3]Yoshinori Watanabe.Washback in Language Testing:Research Contexts and Methods[M].New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2004:19-36.
[4]曹吴惠.海船船员考证对航海英语教学的影响及建议[J].天津航海,2009,2.
[5]陈晓扣.论语言测试的反拨作用[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2007.
[6]隋修平.中国船员航海英语考试模式探究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[7]徐倩.英语专业四、八级考试反拨作用研究[D].上海外国语大学,2014.
[2]Smith,Mary Lee.Put to the Test:The Effects of External Testing on Teachers[J].Educational Researcher,1991,20(5):8-11.
[3]Yoshinori Watanabe.Washback in Language Testing:Research Contexts and Methods[M].New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2004:19-36.
[4]曹吴惠.海船船员考证对航海英语教学的影响及建议[J].天津航海,2009,2.
[5]陈晓扣.论语言测试的反拨作用[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2007.
[6]隋修平.中国船员航海英语考试模式探究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[7]徐倩.英语专业四、八级考试反拨作用研究[D].上海外国语大学,2014.