我国芒属植物规模化种植的生态风险评估
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摘要
为评估我国芒属植物规模化种植的生态风险,利用前期建立的能源草生态风险评价体系,从分布特征(P_1)、繁殖特征(P_2)、扩散特征(P_3)、遗传特征(P_4)、适应特征(P_5)、危害特征(P_6)和被控制特征(P_7)等7个决定生态风险等级的层面对芒、五节芒、荻、南荻和奇岗进行相关定性分析;在此基础上再利用数学统计法对各种芒草的生态风险进行定量分析。结果表明:芒、五节芒、荻、南荻和奇岗的生态风险值(R)依次是71、60、66、53和52分,即规模化种植的生态风险趋势为芒>荻>五节芒>南荻>奇岗;依据能源草生态风险评价体系划定的评判标准,奇岗和南荻为无生态风险的芒草种类,而五节芒、荻和芒为具有中低生态风险的芒草种类。
In this study,the ecological risks for large-scale cultivation of four promising miscanthus species(Miscanthus sinensis,M.floridulus,M.sacchariflorus,M.lutarioriparius) and the European commercially used variety of Miscanthus×giganteus were quantified.The quantification procedure was conducted using formerly established ecological risk assessment system for bioenergy grasses(Hereafter referred to as ERAB system).According to the quantification procedure of ERAB system,the distribution characteristics(P_1),reproductive characteristics(P_2),diffusion characteristics(P_3),genetic characteristics(P_4) and adaptation characteristics(P_5),damage characteristics(P_6) and controlled features(P_7) of the tested materials were reviewed and summarized firstly.The 33 evaluation indicators,which belong to the above seven characteristic groups,were assigned according to the assessment criteria defined in the ERAB system.The ecological risk score of each tested species was quantified by summing the assignments of its 33 evaluation indicators.The results showed that ecological risks of the large-scale miscanthus cultivation generally were M.sinensis>M.sacchariflorus>M.floridulus>M.lutarioriparius>M.× giganteus indicated by their ecological risk scores of 71,66,60,53 and 52,respectively.According to the risk definition criteria of the ERAB system,the M.lutarioriparius and M.× giganteus were defined as the ecological safe plant(i.e.accept for large-scale cultivation);while the M.sinensis,M.sacchariflorus,M.floridulus were defined as plants with uncertain ecological risk,indicating further deeply evaluations were required to clarify their ecological safety prior the large-scale cultivation.
In this study,the ecological risks for large-scale cultivation of four promising miscanthus species(Miscanthus sinensis,M.floridulus,M.sacchariflorus,M.lutarioriparius) and the European commercially used variety of Miscanthus×giganteus were quantified.The quantification procedure was conducted using formerly established ecological risk assessment system for bioenergy grasses(Hereafter referred to as ERAB system).According to the quantification procedure of ERAB system,the distribution characteristics(P_1),reproductive characteristics(P_2),diffusion characteristics(P_3),genetic characteristics(P_4) and adaptation characteristics(P_5),damage characteristics(P_6) and controlled features(P_7) of the tested materials were reviewed and summarized firstly.The 33 evaluation indicators,which belong to the above seven characteristic groups,were assigned according to the assessment criteria defined in the ERAB system.The ecological risk score of each tested species was quantified by summing the assignments of its 33 evaluation indicators.The results showed that ecological risks of the large-scale miscanthus cultivation generally were M.sinensis>M.sacchariflorus>M.floridulus>M.lutarioriparius>M.× giganteus indicated by their ecological risk scores of 71,66,60,53 and 52,respectively.According to the risk definition criteria of the ERAB system,the M.lutarioriparius and M.× giganteus were defined as the ecological safe plant(i.e.accept for large-scale cultivation);while the M.sinensis,M.sacchariflorus,M.floridulus were defined as plants with uncertain ecological risk,indicating further deeply evaluations were required to clarify their ecological safety prior the large-scale cultivation.
引文
[1] 于延冲,易自力,周功克.能源植物芒草研究进展与综合利用现状[J].生命科学,2014,26(5):474-480Yu Y C,Yi Z L,Zhou G K.Research progress and comprehensive utilization of Miscanthus[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2014,26(5):474-480 (in Chinese)
[2] 易自力.芒属能源植物资源的开发与利用[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,38(5):455-463Yi Z L.Exploitation and utilization of Miscanthus as energy plant[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Natural Sciences,2012,38(5):455-463 (in Chinese)
[3] Sang T,Zhu W X.China’s bioenergy potential[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2015,3(2):79-90
[4] 罗煜,赵小蓉,李贵桐,赵立欣,孟海波,林启美.酸性和碱性土壤中芒草生物质炭激发效应的特征与差异[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):90-95Luo Y,Zhao X R,Li G T,Zhao L X,Meng H B,Lin Q M.Characteristics of difference in priming effect of Miscanthus-derived biochar in acid and alkaline soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):90-95 (in Chinese)
[5] Clifton-Brown J C,Stampfl P F,Jones M B.Miscanthus biomass production for energy in Europe and its potential contribution to decreasing fossil fuel carbon emissions[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10(4):509-518
[6] Schnitzler A,Essl F.From horticulture and biofuel to invasion:The spread of Miscanthus taxa in the USA and Europe[J].Weed Research,2015,55(3):221-225
[7] Bonin C L,Heaton E A,Barb J.Miscanthus sacchariflorus-biofuel parent or new weed?[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2014 6(6):629-636
[8] Quinn L D,Allen D J,Stewart J R.Invasiveness potential of Miscanthus sinensis:Implications for bioenergy production in the United States[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2010,2(6):310-320
[9] Barney J N,Ditomaso J M.Nonnative species and bioenergy:Are we cultivating the next invader?[J].Bioscience,2008,58(1):64-70
[10] Crosti R,Cascone C,Cipollaro S.Use of a weed risk assessment for the Mediterranean region of Central Italy to prevent loss of functionality and biodiversity in agro-ecosystems[J].Biological Invasions,2010,12(6):1607-1616
[11] 郭孟齐,薛帅,易自力,杨塞.能源草生态风险评价体系的构建[J].中国农业大学学报,2019,23(1):22-29Guo M Q,Xue S,Yi Z L,Yang S.Construction of the ecological risk assessment system for bioenergy grasses[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2019,23(1):22-29 (in Chinese)
[12] Chung J H,Kim D S.Miscanthus as a potential bioenergy crop in East Asia[J].Journal of Crop Science & Biotechnology,2012,15(2):65-77
[13] 肖亮,易自力.中国四种芒属植物的地理分布及气候模式研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(4):685-690Xiao L,Yi Z L.Distribution and climate model of four type species of Miscanthus in China[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(4):685-690 (in Chinese)
[14] Lewandowski I,Clifton-Brown J C,Scurlock J M O,Huisman W.Miscanthus:European experience with a novel energy crop.[J].Biomass & Bioenergy,2000,19(4):209-227
[15] Chen S L,Renvoize S A.A new species and a new combination of Miscanthus (Poaceae) from China[J].Kew Bulletin,2005,60(4):605-607
[16] Atkinson C J.Establishing perennial grass energy crops in the UK:A review of current propagation options for Miscanthus[J].Biomass & Bioenergy,2009,33(5):752-759
[17] Li X,Liao H,Fan C,Hu H,Ying L,Jing L.Distinct geographical distribution of the Miscanthus accessions with varied biomass enzymatic saccharification[J].Plos One,(2016-11-08),DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0160026
[18] 胡彬.芒属植物自交不亲和性初步研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012Hu B.Study on self-incompatibility of Miscanthus[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2012 (in Chinese)
[19] 冯旭萍.芒草种质资源评价和农艺性状研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014Feng X P.Evaluate on germplasm of miscanthus and research on agronomic traits[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014 (in Chinese)
[20] 吴安迪.芒草遗传多样性研究[D].海口:海南大学,2011Wu A D.Study on genetic diversity of Miscanthus[D].Haikou:Hainan University,2011 (in Chinese)
[21] Li X,Hu D,Luo M M,Zhu M,Li X W,Luo F,Li J Q,Yan J.Nuclear DNA content variation of three Miscanthus species in China[J].Genes & Genomics,2013,35(1):13-20
[22] 邓果特.中国芒属植物染色体核型与倍性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012Deng G T.Studies on the chromosome karyotype and ploidy level of Miscanthus in China[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2012 (in Chinese)
[23] 周婧,李巧云,肖亮,蒋建雄,易自力.芒和五节芒在中国的潜在分布[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(6):504-510Zhou J,Li Q Y,Xiao L,Jiang J X,Yi Z L.Potential distribution of Miscanthus sinensis and M floridulus in China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(6):504-510 (in Chinese)
[24] 廖莎.荻与南荻在中国的潜在分布研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012Liao S.Potential distribution of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and M lutarioriparius in China[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2012 (in Chinese)
[25] 项伟,易自力,肖亮,刘清波,覃静萍.芒属植物能源潜力评价体系的构建[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(24):4687-4700Xiang W,Yi Z L,Xiao L,Liu Q B,Qin J P.Construction of energy potential evaluation system for Miscanthus[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(24):4687-4700 (in Chinese)
[26] 赵春桥,陈敏,范希峰,朱毅,岳跃森,张爽,武菊英,侯新村.干旱胁迫对芒草生长与生理特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(11):197-201Zhao C Q,Chen M,Fan X F,Zhu Y,Yue Y S,Zhang S,Wu J Y,Hou X C.Effect of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Miscanthus[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(11):197-201 (in Chinese)
[27] Peixoto M D M,Friesen P C,Sage R F.Winter cold-tolerance thresholds in field-grown Miscanthus hybrid rhizomes[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2015,66(14):4415-4425
[28] 刘亮,朱明,朱太平.芒荻类植物资源的开发和利用[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(6):562-563Liu L,Zhu M,Zhu T P.Exploitation and utilization of Miscanthus & Triarrhena[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(6):562-563 (in Chinese)
[29] HeděNec P,Novotny D,Ust′Ak S,Honzík R,Kováová M,?imáková H,Frouz J.Allelopathic effect of new introduced biofuel crops on the soil biota:A comparative study[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,63(4):14-20
[30] Chaou C H,Lee Y F.Allelopathic dominance of Miscanthus transmorrisonensis,in an alpine grassland community in Taiwan[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1991,17(11):2267-2281
[31] Jin X L,Chen X L,Xiao L,Shi C H,Chen L,Yu B,Yi Z L,Yoo J H,Heo K,Yu C Y,Yamada T,Sacks E J,Peng J H.Application of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to classification of Miscanthus species[J].Plos One,(2000-00-00)DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0171360
[32] Gordon D R,Flory S L,Cooper A L,Morris S K.Assessing the invasion risk of eucalyptus in the united states using the australian weed risk assessment[J].International Journal of Forestry Research,2012,2012(3):1-7
[33] Davis P B,Menalled F D,Rkd P,Maxwell B D.Refinement of weed risk assessments for biofuels using Camelina sativa as a model species[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48(4):989-997
[34] Yang L,Ren H,Liu N,Wang J.Can perennial dominant grass Miscanthus sinensis,be nurse plant in recovery of degraded hilly land landscape in South China?[J].Landscape & Ecological Engineering,2013,9(2):213-225
[35] Xue S,Lewandowski I,Wang X Y,Yi Z L.Assessment of the production potentials of Miscanthus,on marginal land in China[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54:932-943
[2] 易自力.芒属能源植物资源的开发与利用[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,38(5):455-463Yi Z L.Exploitation and utilization of Miscanthus as energy plant[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Natural Sciences,2012,38(5):455-463 (in Chinese)
[3] Sang T,Zhu W X.China’s bioenergy potential[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2015,3(2):79-90
[4] 罗煜,赵小蓉,李贵桐,赵立欣,孟海波,林启美.酸性和碱性土壤中芒草生物质炭激发效应的特征与差异[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):90-95Luo Y,Zhao X R,Li G T,Zhao L X,Meng H B,Lin Q M.Characteristics of difference in priming effect of Miscanthus-derived biochar in acid and alkaline soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):90-95 (in Chinese)
[5] Clifton-Brown J C,Stampfl P F,Jones M B.Miscanthus biomass production for energy in Europe and its potential contribution to decreasing fossil fuel carbon emissions[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10(4):509-518
[6] Schnitzler A,Essl F.From horticulture and biofuel to invasion:The spread of Miscanthus taxa in the USA and Europe[J].Weed Research,2015,55(3):221-225
[7] Bonin C L,Heaton E A,Barb J.Miscanthus sacchariflorus-biofuel parent or new weed?[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2014 6(6):629-636
[8] Quinn L D,Allen D J,Stewart J R.Invasiveness potential of Miscanthus sinensis:Implications for bioenergy production in the United States[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2010,2(6):310-320
[9] Barney J N,Ditomaso J M.Nonnative species and bioenergy:Are we cultivating the next invader?[J].Bioscience,2008,58(1):64-70
[10] Crosti R,Cascone C,Cipollaro S.Use of a weed risk assessment for the Mediterranean region of Central Italy to prevent loss of functionality and biodiversity in agro-ecosystems[J].Biological Invasions,2010,12(6):1607-1616
[11] 郭孟齐,薛帅,易自力,杨塞.能源草生态风险评价体系的构建[J].中国农业大学学报,2019,23(1):22-29Guo M Q,Xue S,Yi Z L,Yang S.Construction of the ecological risk assessment system for bioenergy grasses[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2019,23(1):22-29 (in Chinese)
[12] Chung J H,Kim D S.Miscanthus as a potential bioenergy crop in East Asia[J].Journal of Crop Science & Biotechnology,2012,15(2):65-77
[13] 肖亮,易自力.中国四种芒属植物的地理分布及气候模式研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(4):685-690Xiao L,Yi Z L.Distribution and climate model of four type species of Miscanthus in China[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(4):685-690 (in Chinese)
[14] Lewandowski I,Clifton-Brown J C,Scurlock J M O,Huisman W.Miscanthus:European experience with a novel energy crop.[J].Biomass & Bioenergy,2000,19(4):209-227
[15] Chen S L,Renvoize S A.A new species and a new combination of Miscanthus (Poaceae) from China[J].Kew Bulletin,2005,60(4):605-607
[16] Atkinson C J.Establishing perennial grass energy crops in the UK:A review of current propagation options for Miscanthus[J].Biomass & Bioenergy,2009,33(5):752-759
[17] Li X,Liao H,Fan C,Hu H,Ying L,Jing L.Distinct geographical distribution of the Miscanthus accessions with varied biomass enzymatic saccharification[J].Plos One,(2016-11-08),DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0160026
[18] 胡彬.芒属植物自交不亲和性初步研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012Hu B.Study on self-incompatibility of Miscanthus[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2012 (in Chinese)
[19] 冯旭萍.芒草种质资源评价和农艺性状研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014Feng X P.Evaluate on germplasm of miscanthus and research on agronomic traits[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014 (in Chinese)
[20] 吴安迪.芒草遗传多样性研究[D].海口:海南大学,2011Wu A D.Study on genetic diversity of Miscanthus[D].Haikou:Hainan University,2011 (in Chinese)
[21] Li X,Hu D,Luo M M,Zhu M,Li X W,Luo F,Li J Q,Yan J.Nuclear DNA content variation of three Miscanthus species in China[J].Genes & Genomics,2013,35(1):13-20
[22] 邓果特.中国芒属植物染色体核型与倍性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012Deng G T.Studies on the chromosome karyotype and ploidy level of Miscanthus in China[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2012 (in Chinese)
[23] 周婧,李巧云,肖亮,蒋建雄,易自力.芒和五节芒在中国的潜在分布[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(6):504-510Zhou J,Li Q Y,Xiao L,Jiang J X,Yi Z L.Potential distribution of Miscanthus sinensis and M floridulus in China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(6):504-510 (in Chinese)
[24] 廖莎.荻与南荻在中国的潜在分布研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012Liao S.Potential distribution of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and M lutarioriparius in China[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2012 (in Chinese)
[25] 项伟,易自力,肖亮,刘清波,覃静萍.芒属植物能源潜力评价体系的构建[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(24):4687-4700Xiang W,Yi Z L,Xiao L,Liu Q B,Qin J P.Construction of energy potential evaluation system for Miscanthus[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(24):4687-4700 (in Chinese)
[26] 赵春桥,陈敏,范希峰,朱毅,岳跃森,张爽,武菊英,侯新村.干旱胁迫对芒草生长与生理特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(11):197-201Zhao C Q,Chen M,Fan X F,Zhu Y,Yue Y S,Zhang S,Wu J Y,Hou X C.Effect of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Miscanthus[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(11):197-201 (in Chinese)
[27] Peixoto M D M,Friesen P C,Sage R F.Winter cold-tolerance thresholds in field-grown Miscanthus hybrid rhizomes[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2015,66(14):4415-4425
[28] 刘亮,朱明,朱太平.芒荻类植物资源的开发和利用[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(6):562-563Liu L,Zhu M,Zhu T P.Exploitation and utilization of Miscanthus & Triarrhena[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(6):562-563 (in Chinese)
[29] HeděNec P,Novotny D,Ust′Ak S,Honzík R,Kováová M,?imáková H,Frouz J.Allelopathic effect of new introduced biofuel crops on the soil biota:A comparative study[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,63(4):14-20
[30] Chaou C H,Lee Y F.Allelopathic dominance of Miscanthus transmorrisonensis,in an alpine grassland community in Taiwan[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1991,17(11):2267-2281
[31] Jin X L,Chen X L,Xiao L,Shi C H,Chen L,Yu B,Yi Z L,Yoo J H,Heo K,Yu C Y,Yamada T,Sacks E J,Peng J H.Application of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to classification of Miscanthus species[J].Plos One,(2000-00-00)DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0171360
[32] Gordon D R,Flory S L,Cooper A L,Morris S K.Assessing the invasion risk of eucalyptus in the united states using the australian weed risk assessment[J].International Journal of Forestry Research,2012,2012(3):1-7
[33] Davis P B,Menalled F D,Rkd P,Maxwell B D.Refinement of weed risk assessments for biofuels using Camelina sativa as a model species[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48(4):989-997
[34] Yang L,Ren H,Liu N,Wang J.Can perennial dominant grass Miscanthus sinensis,be nurse plant in recovery of degraded hilly land landscape in South China?[J].Landscape & Ecological Engineering,2013,9(2):213-225
[35] Xue S,Lewandowski I,Wang X Y,Yi Z L.Assessment of the production potentials of Miscanthus,on marginal land in China[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54:932-943