南京市基础教育设施空间结构及其演化
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摘要
针对传统的基础教育设施研究偏重数量和静态视角的现状,以2006—2015年南京市8区基础教育设施为研究对象,采用平均最邻近距离法分析空间集聚性、采用核密度法分析空间热点演化、采用社会网络分析方法与拟合模型探讨教育设施分布及联系网络特征,采用重心椭圆方法分析教育质量的变化。结果表明:幼儿园和小学空间集聚性增强,初中和高中则减弱,除初中外平均邻近距离均下降;除高中外各设施高密度区域范围显著扩大,小学大致呈单核结构扩张,初中呈双核向三核转变的趋势,幼儿园在江宁区形成新极核;名校设立分校的教育联系网络发展的空间差异总体呈先升后降趋势,优质教育设施区位选择受行政界线制约的程度先增后减;教育质量的重心总体先向北后向西移动,高质区域总体呈扩大趋势,但主要仍集中于鼓楼区。基于以上研究结论,提出完善教育设施规划的建议。
In this work we used GIS clustering analysis,kernel density analysis,gravitational ellipse method,and social network analysis to analyze the location and network structure of education facilities in Nanjing,beyond the traditional emphasis on quantity of education facilities and static perspectives.The spatial structure and evolution characteristics were analyzed based on the quantity,quality,and connection of basic education facilities in the eight districts of Nanjing from 2006 to 2015.The results show that the spatial concentrations of kindergartens and primary schools have increased,while the concentrations of junior high schools and high schools have decreased.The average travel distances among schools have declined except those among junior high schools.The boundaries of high-density school areas have significantly expanded except those of high school facilities.Primary schools showed a mononuclear structure expansion while middle schools were intended to form three clustering areas,and a new cluster of kindergartens has formed in Jiangning District.The development of the network of elite schools has evolved over time,and the heterogeneity of the network increased first and then declined.The boundary effect widened first and then narrowed.The center of gravity of education quality moved northward and westward.The area of higher education quality expanded,and mainly concentrated in Gulou District.This work proposes policies for future development and planning of education facilities.
In this work we used GIS clustering analysis,kernel density analysis,gravitational ellipse method,and social network analysis to analyze the location and network structure of education facilities in Nanjing,beyond the traditional emphasis on quantity of education facilities and static perspectives.The spatial structure and evolution characteristics were analyzed based on the quantity,quality,and connection of basic education facilities in the eight districts of Nanjing from 2006 to 2015.The results show that the spatial concentrations of kindergartens and primary schools have increased,while the concentrations of junior high schools and high schools have decreased.The average travel distances among schools have declined except those among junior high schools.The boundaries of high-density school areas have significantly expanded except those of high school facilities.Primary schools showed a mononuclear structure expansion while middle schools were intended to form three clustering areas,and a new cluster of kindergartens has formed in Jiangning District.The development of the network of elite schools has evolved over time,and the heterogeneity of the network increased first and then declined.The boundary effect widened first and then narrowed.The center of gravity of education quality moved northward and westward.The area of higher education quality expanded,and mainly concentrated in Gulou District.This work proposes policies for future development and planning of education facilities.
引文
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[13]杜俊秀,张继贤,董春,等.中小学布局水平指标体系的空间均衡性分析[J].测绘科学,2015,40(7):64-67.
[14]郭全.基于GIS的城市基础教育资源布局均衡性研究:以兰州市城关区中小学为例[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011:27-60.
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[16]Dadashpoor H,Rostami F,Alizadeh B.Is inequality in the distribution of urban facilities inequitable?Exploring a method for identifying spatial inequity in an Iranian city[J].Cities,2016,52:159-172.
[17]卢晓旭,陆玉麒,尚正永,等.学校体系规模调整和空间演化特征的测度与分析:以南京市普通高级中学为例[J].地理科学,2011,31(12):1 454-1 460.
[18]赵晨旭,邵景安,郭跃,等.山区乡村学校空间格局演变特征及发展水平[J].地理研究,2016,35(3):455-470.
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[20]袁丰,魏也华,陈雯,等.无锡城市制造业企业区位调整与苏南模式重组[J].地理科学,2012,32(4):401-408.
[21]刘军.整体网分析讲义:Ucinet软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,2009:56-107.
[22]叶磊,段学军,欧向军.基于社会网络分析的长三角地区功能多中心研究[J].中国科学院大学学报,2016,33(1):75-81.
[23]李丹丹,汪涛,魏也华,等.中国城市尺度科学知识网络与技术知识网络结构的时空复杂性[J].地理研究,2015,34(3):525-540.
[24]秦贤宏,魏也华,陈雯,等.南京都市区人口空间扩张与多中心化[J].地理研究,2013,32(4):711-719.
[25]Wei Y D.Spatiality of regional inequality[J].Applied Geography,2015,61:1-10.
[26]薛二勇.基础教育名校办分校的政策分析:基于北京市基础教育均衡发展政策的调查研究[J].教育科学研究,2014(7):45-50.
[27]Deverteuil G.Reconsidering the legacy of urban public facility location theory in human geography[J].Progress in Human Geography,2000,24(1):47-69.
[28]Yinger J.Hedonic markets and sorting equilibria:bidfunction envelopes for public services and neighborhood amenities[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2015,86(3):9-25.
[29]方创琳,毛汉英.区域发展规划指标体系建立方法探讨[J].地理学报,1999,54(5):410-419.
[30]La V.Capitalization of school quality into housing prices:evidence from Boston public school district walk zones[J].Economics Letters,2015,134:102-106.
[2]Harvey D.Social justice and the city[M].Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1975.
[3]Batley R,Mcloughlin C.The politics of public services:a service characteristics approach[J].World Development,2015(74):275-285.
[4]Harvey D.The urbanization of capital[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1985.
[5]Li D,Wei Y D,Wang T.Spatial and temporal evolution of urban innovation network in China[J].Habitat International,2015(49):484-496.
[6]胡思琪,徐建刚,张翔,等.基于时间可达性的教育设施布局均等化评价[J].规划师,2012,28(1):70-75.
[7]胡梅梅.大城市基础教育设施空间非均衡性研究:以济南市中心区为例[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2014:25-40.
[8]张京祥,葛志兵,罗震东,等.城乡基本公共服务设施布局均等化研究:以常州市教育设施为例[J].城市规划,2012,36(2):9-15.
[9]Zolnik E,Minde J,Gupta D D,et al.Supporting planning to co-locate public facilities:a case study from Loudoun County,Virginia[J].Applied Geography,2010,30(4):687-696.
[10]韩高峰,秦杨.需求与供给分析视角下教育设施布局规划指标体系构建:以南康市中心城区中小学布局专项规划为例[J].规划师,2013,29(12):104-109.
[11]Taleai M,Sliuzas R,Flacke J.An integrated framework to evaluate the equity of urban public facilities using spatial multi-criteria analysis[J].Cities,2014,40:56-69.
[12]谢婷婷,冯长春,杨永春.河谷型城市教育设施空间分布公平性研究:以兰州市中学为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(8):64-67.
[13]杜俊秀,张继贤,董春,等.中小学布局水平指标体系的空间均衡性分析[J].测绘科学,2015,40(7):64-67.
[14]郭全.基于GIS的城市基础教育资源布局均衡性研究:以兰州市城关区中小学为例[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011:27-60.
[15]Terxeira J C,Antunes A P.A hierarchical location model for public facility planning[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2008,185(1):92-104.
[16]Dadashpoor H,Rostami F,Alizadeh B.Is inequality in the distribution of urban facilities inequitable?Exploring a method for identifying spatial inequity in an Iranian city[J].Cities,2016,52:159-172.
[17]卢晓旭,陆玉麒,尚正永,等.学校体系规模调整和空间演化特征的测度与分析:以南京市普通高级中学为例[J].地理科学,2011,31(12):1 454-1 460.
[18]赵晨旭,邵景安,郭跃,等.山区乡村学校空间格局演变特征及发展水平[J].地理研究,2016,35(3):455-470.
[19]Clark P J,Evans F C.Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations[J].Ecology,1954,35(4):445-453.
[20]袁丰,魏也华,陈雯,等.无锡城市制造业企业区位调整与苏南模式重组[J].地理科学,2012,32(4):401-408.
[21]刘军.整体网分析讲义:Ucinet软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,2009:56-107.
[22]叶磊,段学军,欧向军.基于社会网络分析的长三角地区功能多中心研究[J].中国科学院大学学报,2016,33(1):75-81.
[23]李丹丹,汪涛,魏也华,等.中国城市尺度科学知识网络与技术知识网络结构的时空复杂性[J].地理研究,2015,34(3):525-540.
[24]秦贤宏,魏也华,陈雯,等.南京都市区人口空间扩张与多中心化[J].地理研究,2013,32(4):711-719.
[25]Wei Y D.Spatiality of regional inequality[J].Applied Geography,2015,61:1-10.
[26]薛二勇.基础教育名校办分校的政策分析:基于北京市基础教育均衡发展政策的调查研究[J].教育科学研究,2014(7):45-50.
[27]Deverteuil G.Reconsidering the legacy of urban public facility location theory in human geography[J].Progress in Human Geography,2000,24(1):47-69.
[28]Yinger J.Hedonic markets and sorting equilibria:bidfunction envelopes for public services and neighborhood amenities[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2015,86(3):9-25.
[29]方创琳,毛汉英.区域发展规划指标体系建立方法探讨[J].地理学报,1999,54(5):410-419.
[30]La V.Capitalization of school quality into housing prices:evidence from Boston public school district walk zones[J].Economics Letters,2015,134:102-106.