离子吸附型稀土原地浸矿溶质运移基础研究
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摘要
离子型稀土开采先后经历了池浸、堆浸和原地浸出,目前广泛采用原地浸矿法,预测和适时调控原地浸矿中溶质运移过程是实施离子型稀土科学化和精准化开采的重要内容。总结了近年来土壤溶质运移几何模型,包括活塞流模型、单毛管模型、毛管束模型,归纳了土壤溶质迁移数学模型,包括对流弥散方程(CDE)、动水—不动水(MIM)模型、随机模型和传递函数模型(TFM),分析了各种模型的特点及其在离子型稀土溶质运移过程的适用性;探讨了色谱塔板理论模型、地理信息系统应用模型、人工神经网络分析离子型稀土溶质运移的可行性,为揭示离子型稀土浸取过程的溶质迁移规律提供思路,有助于进一步完善离子型稀土原地浸矿理论体系。最后提出了离子型稀土溶质运移研究可能的发展趋势。
The ion-adsorption type rare earth mining has gone through pool leaching,heap leaching and in-situ leaching.At present,in-situ leaching method is widely used to predict and timely adjust the solute transport process in in-situ leaching,which is an important content of the scientific and accurate ion-adsorption type rare earth mining.The geometric models of soil solute transport in recent years are summarized,such as the piston flow model,single capillary model and capillary bundle model.The mathematical models of soil solute transport are summed up,including the convection dispersion equation(CDE)and two-region model(MIM),stochastic model and transfer function model(TFM).The characteristics of various models and the applicability in ion-adsorption rare earth solute transport process are analyzed.The feasibility of the ion-adsorption rare earth solute transport by the theoretical model of the chromatographic tray,the GIS application model and the artificial neural network are discussed.It provides an idea for further revealing the law of solute transport in the process of in-situ leaching mine,and helps to improve the theoretical system of ion-adsorption type rare earth mining.Finally,the possible development trends for ion-adsorption type rare earth are suggested.
The ion-adsorption type rare earth mining has gone through pool leaching,heap leaching and in-situ leaching.At present,in-situ leaching method is widely used to predict and timely adjust the solute transport process in in-situ leaching,which is an important content of the scientific and accurate ion-adsorption type rare earth mining.The geometric models of soil solute transport in recent years are summarized,such as the piston flow model,single capillary model and capillary bundle model.The mathematical models of soil solute transport are summed up,including the convection dispersion equation(CDE)and two-region model(MIM),stochastic model and transfer function model(TFM).The characteristics of various models and the applicability in ion-adsorption rare earth solute transport process are analyzed.The feasibility of the ion-adsorption rare earth solute transport by the theoretical model of the chromatographic tray,the GIS application model and the artificial neural network are discussed.It provides an idea for further revealing the law of solute transport in the process of in-situ leaching mine,and helps to improve the theoretical system of ion-adsorption type rare earth mining.Finally,the possible development trends for ion-adsorption type rare earth are suggested.
引文
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[5]李永绣,周新木,刘艳珠,等.离子吸附型稀土高效提取和分离技术进展[J].中国稀土学报,2012,30(3):258-264.LI Yongxiu,ZHOU Xinmu,LIU Yanzhu,et al.Development of high efficiency extraction and separation technologies of rare earths from ion-adsorbed type deposit[J].Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society,2012,30(3):258-264.
[6]郭钟群,金解放,秦艳华,等.南方离子型稀土一维水平入渗规律试验研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2017,8(2):102-106.GUO Zhongqun,JIN Jiefang,QIN Yanhua,et al.Experimental research on one-dimensional horizontal infiltration rules of ion-adsorption rare earth[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2017,8(2):102-106.
[7]黄群英,周义朋,刘科,等.某砂铀矿地浸单元酸浸初期溶质运移与溶液渗流关系[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2017(6):24-27,31.HUANG Qunying,ZHOU Yipeng,LIU Ke,et al.Relationship between solute transportation and leaching solution flow during early period of acid in-situ leaching at one sandstone-type uranium deposit[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2017(6):24-27,31.
[8]谭凯旋,王清良,胡鄂明,等.原地溶浸开采中的多过程耦合作用与反应前锋运动:1.理论分析[J].铀矿冶,2005,24(1):14-18.TAN Kaixuan,WANG Qingliang,HU Eming,et al.Multiple processes coupling and reaction front propagation during in-situ leach mining:1.theoretical analyses[J].Uranium Mining and Metallurgy,2005,24(1):14-18.
[9]李永绣.离子吸附型稀土资源与绿色提取[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014:106-109.LI Yongxiu.Ion adsorption rare earth resources and their green extraction[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014:106-109.
[10]谭凯旋,何海,赵贺永,等.原地溶浸采矿的非线性耦合动力学[J].采矿技术,2006,6(3):167-169.TAN Kaixuan,HE Hai,ZHAO Heyong,et al.Nonlinear coupled dynamics of in-situ leaching mining[J].Mining Technology,2006,6(3):167-169.
[11]李保国,胡克林,黄元仿,等.土壤溶质运移模型的研究及应用[J].土壤,2005,37(4):345-352.LI Baoguo,HU Kelin,HUANG Yuanfang,et al.Advances in modeling and application of soil solute transport[J].Soils,2005,37(4):345-352.
[12]王宝辉,董荟思,徐兆明,等.多孔介质中污染物溶质迁移模型研究进展[J].化工进展,2010,29(7):1338-1342.WANG Baohui,DONG Huisi,XU Zhaoming,et al.Research development in migration model of pollutant solute in porous media[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2010,29(7):1338-1342.
[13]李广辉,魏世强.土壤溶质运移特性研究进展[J].土壤通报,2003,34(6):576-580.LI Guanghui,WEI Shiqiang.Progress in the study of soil solute transport in soil-water system[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2003,34(6):576-580.
[14]涂安国.层状土壤水分入渗与溶质运移研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(4):818-825.TU Anguo.Advances in water infiltration and solute transport in layered soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2017,39(4):818-825.
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[19]Taylor G.Dispersion of soluble matter in solvent flowing slowly through a tube[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1953,219(1137):186-203.
[20]王全九.土壤溶质迁移理论研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(3):77-80.WANG Quanjiu.Review of the advances in soil solute transport theory[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2005,24(3):77-80.
[21]钱家忠,刘咏,张勇,等.多孔介质双分子反应溶质运移实验与模拟研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2013,43(2):104-109.QIAN Jiazhong,LIU Yong,ZHANG Yong,et al.Experimental and numerical simulation of bimolecular reactive transport in porous media[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2013,43(2):104-109.
[22]余期冲,祝晓彬,吴吉春,等.死端孔隙对溶质运移影响的实验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(4):160-164,172.YU Qichong,ZHU Xiaobin,WU Jichun,et al.Experimental research of impact of the immobile domain on the solute transport[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(4):160-164,172.
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