低温环境下桥梁钢Q345qD疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究
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摘要
为了明确在寒冷地区服役桥梁钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,以16 mm厚桥梁钢Q345qD为研究对象,完成了室温和低温下的夏比冲击韧性试验、疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值试验。结果表明,夏比冲击功和试样断口剪切断面率随温度的降低而减少;在应力比0.1、0.2和0.5条件下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率均随温度降低而变缓,该桥梁钢的疲劳韧-脆转变温度点在-60℃以下;在室温~-60℃,其裂纹扩展速率均对应力比的变化不敏感;应力比0.1条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随温度的降低有略微增大的趋势。该批次桥梁钢表现出了良好的抵抗低温疲劳裂纹扩展性能,防止低温脆性破坏成为疲劳设计的重点;试验数据能为钢结构桥梁的进一步抗低温疲劳和防低温冷脆断裂设计提供参考。
To explore the fatigue crack growth behavior of bridge steel used in cold regions, a series of experimental studies, including Charpy impact test, fatigue crack growth rate test and fatigue crack growth threshold test, were carried out for bridge steel Q345 qD with a plate thickness of 16 mm at room and low temperatures. The results show that the impact energy and percentage shear area reduce as the temperature declines. At stress ratios of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5, the fatigue crack growth rate becomes lower with the declining temperatures, and the fatigue ductile-brittle transition temperature of the bridge steel is below-60 ℃. The fatigue crack growth rate is insensitive to the variation of the stress ratio at both room temperature and low temperatures. At the stress ratio of 0.1, the fatigue crack growth threshold increases with the reduced temperature. It can be concluded that this batch of bridge steel exhibits good resistant performance to fatigue crack growth at low temperatures, making the prevention of low-temperature brittle fracture become the first consideration. The experimental data obtained can be employed for further study on the fatigue & fracture resistant design and fatigue residual life prediction of fatigue detail for steel bridges in cold and extremely cold regions.
To explore the fatigue crack growth behavior of bridge steel used in cold regions, a series of experimental studies, including Charpy impact test, fatigue crack growth rate test and fatigue crack growth threshold test, were carried out for bridge steel Q345 qD with a plate thickness of 16 mm at room and low temperatures. The results show that the impact energy and percentage shear area reduce as the temperature declines. At stress ratios of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5, the fatigue crack growth rate becomes lower with the declining temperatures, and the fatigue ductile-brittle transition temperature of the bridge steel is below-60 ℃. The fatigue crack growth rate is insensitive to the variation of the stress ratio at both room temperature and low temperatures. At the stress ratio of 0.1, the fatigue crack growth threshold increases with the reduced temperature. It can be concluded that this batch of bridge steel exhibits good resistant performance to fatigue crack growth at low temperatures, making the prevention of low-temperature brittle fracture become the first consideration. The experimental data obtained can be employed for further study on the fatigue & fracture resistant design and fatigue residual life prediction of fatigue detail for steel bridges in cold and extremely cold regions.
引文
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[4]刘艳萍,陈传尧,李建兵,等. 14MnNbq焊接桥梁钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):209―212.Liu Yanping, Chen Chuanyao, Li Jianbing, et al. Fatigue crack growth behavior for the weld heat-affected zone of14MnNbqbridgessteel[J].EngineeringMechanics,2008, 25(4):209―212.(in Chinese)
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[12]FassinaP,BrunellaMF,LazzariL,etal.Effectof hydrogenandlowtemperatureonfatiguecrackgrowth ofpipelinesteels[J].EngineeringFractureMechanics,2013, 103:10―25.
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[16]周德辉,郭爱民.我国铁路桥梁用钢的现状与发展[J].钢结构, 2009, 24(9):1―5, 56.ZhouDehui,GuoAimin.Stateanddevelopmentusing steelinrailwaybridgeofChina[J].SteelConstruction,2009, 24(9):1―5, 56.(in Chinese)
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[19]GB/T229―2007,金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2007.GB/T 229―2007, Metallic materials-Charpy pendulum impacttestmethod[S].Beijing:StandardsPressof China, 2007.(in Chinese)
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[21]Moody N R, Gerberich W W. Fatigue crack propagation in iron and two iron binary alloys at low temperatures[J].Materials Science and Engineering, 1979, 41:271―280.
[22]Verkin B, Grinberg N, Serdyuk V, et al. Low temperature fatiguefractureofmetalsandalloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering, 1983, 58:145―168.
[23]Tobler R L, Cheng Y W. Midrange fatigue crack growth datacorrelationsforstructuralalloysatroomand cryogenictemperatures[R].ASTMSTP857.Philadelphia,PA,AmericanSocietyforTestingsand Materials, 1985:3―30.
[24]LüB T, Zheng X L. Predicting fatigue crack growth rates and thresholds at low temperatures[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 1991, 148:179―188.
[25]赵建平,张秀敏,沈士明.材料韧脆转变温度数据处理方法探讨[J].油化工设备, 2004, 33(4):29―32.ZhaoJianping,ZhangXiumin,ShenShiming.Onthe methodofdataprocessingforductile-brittletransition temperature[J]. Petro-Chemical Equipment, 2004, 33(4):29―32.(in Chinese)
[26]王元清,廖小伟,张子富,等.输电线铁塔钢材的低温力学和冲击韧性试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(12):70―74.WangYuanqing,LiaoXiaowei,ZhangZifu,etal.Experimental study on mechanical properties and impact toughnessofsteelfortransmissionlinetowersatlow temperatures[J].JournalofHarbinInstituteof Technology, 2015, 47(12):70―74.(in Chinese)
[27]deJesusAMP,MatosR,FontouraBFC,etal.A comparisonofthefatiguebehaviorbetweenS355and S690steelgrades[J].JournalofConstructionalSteel Research, 2012, 79:140―150.
[28]HobbacherAF.Recommendationsforfatiguedesignof weldedjointsandcomponents[R].Paris:International Institute of Welding, 2008.
[29]Liaw P K, Logsdon W A. Fatigue crack growth threshold atcryogenictemperatures:Areview[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1985, 22(4):585―594.
[2]张玉玲,潘际炎.低温对钢材及其构件性能影响研究综述[J].中国铁道科学, 2003, 24(2):89―96.Zhang Yuling, Pan Jiyan. Study on performance of steel andthecomponentsunderlowtemperature[J].China Railway Science, 2003, 24(2):89―96.(in Chinese)
[3]任伟新.14MnNb新桥钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究[J].长沙铁道学院学报, 1994, 12(3):57―64.Ren Weixin. Experiment on fatigue crack growth rate of14Mn Nb new type bridge steel[J]. Journal of Changsha Railway University, 1994, 12(3):57―64.(in Chinese)
[4]刘艳萍,陈传尧,李建兵,等. 14MnNbq焊接桥梁钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):209―212.Liu Yanping, Chen Chuanyao, Li Jianbing, et al. Fatigue crack growth behavior for the weld heat-affected zone of14MnNbqbridgessteel[J].EngineeringMechanics,2008, 25(4):209―212.(in Chinese)
[5]王春生,段兰,郑丽,等.桥梁高性能钢HPS 485W疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究[J].工程力学,2013,30(6):212―216.WangChunsheng,DuanLan,ZhengLi,etal.Fatigue crackgrowthratetestsofhighperformancesteelHPS485Wforbridges[J].EngineeringMechanics,2013,30(6):212―216.(in Chinese)
[6]宗亮,施刚,王元清,等.WNQ570桥梁钢及其对接焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展性能试验研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(8):45―51.ZongLiang,ShiGang,WangYuanqing,etal.Experimentalstudyonfatiguecrackbehaviorofbridge steel WNQ570 base metal and butt weld[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2016, 33(8):45―51.(in Chinese)
[7]Zong L, Shi G, Wang Y Q. Experimental investigation on fatiguecrackbehaviorofbridgesteelQ345qDbase metal and butt weld[J]. Materials and Design, 2015, 66:196―208.
[8]张玉玲.低温环境下铁路钢桥疲劳断裂性能研究[J].中国铁道科学, 2008, 29(1):22―25.ZhangYuling.Researchonthefatigueandfracture performanceofrailwaysteelbridgeunderlow temperature[J].ChinaRailwayScience,2008,29(1):22―25.(in Chinese)
[9]WaltersCL,AlvaroA,MaljaarsJ.Theeffectoflow temperaturesonthefatiguecrackgrowthofS460structuralsteel[J].InternationalJournalofFatigue,2016,82:110-118.
[10]LüB T, Zheng X L. A model for predicting fatigue crack growthbehaviorofalowalloysteelatlowtemperature[J].EngineeringFractureMechanics,1992,42(6):1001―1009.
[11]方华灿,段梦兰.海洋平台用钢A537与温度相关的疲劳裂纹扩展[J].石油学报, 1995, 16(3):129―133.Fang Huacan, Duan Menglan. Temperature related crack propagationinoffshoreplatformsteelA537[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1995, 16(3):129―133.(in Chinese)
[12]FassinaP,BrunellaMF,LazzariL,etal.Effectof hydrogenandlowtemperatureonfatiguecrackgrowth ofpipelinesteels[J].EngineeringFractureMechanics,2013, 103:10―25.
[13]Kitsunai Y, Yonshihisa E. Fatigue crack growth behavior inweldedjointsofhigh-strengthsteelunderlow temperatures[J].JSMEInternationalJournal,1991,34(3):339―346.
[14]吕宝桐,郑修麟.低温下LY12CZ铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展[J].宇航学报, 1993, 1:76―80.LüBaotong,ZhengXiulin.Fatiguecrackgrowthof LY12CZ aluminum alloy at low temperatures[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 1993, 1:76―80.(in Chinese)
[15]刘建新,涂小慧,鄢文彬,等.两种低合金高强度钢的低温疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究[J].机械工程材料,1991,1:47―51.LiuJianxin,TuXiaohui,YanWenbin,etal.Fatigue cracking behavior of two HSLA steels at low temperature[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 1991, 1:47―51.(in Chinese)
[16]周德辉,郭爱民.我国铁路桥梁用钢的现状与发展[J].钢结构, 2009, 24(9):1―5, 56.ZhouDehui,GuoAimin.Stateanddevelopmentusing steelinrailwaybridgeofChina[J].SteelConstruction,2009, 24(9):1―5, 56.(in Chinese)
[17]GB/T714―2008,桥梁用结构钢[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2008.GB/T 714―2008, Structural steel for bridge[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2008.(in Chinese)
[18]GB/T6398―2000,金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2000.GB/T6398―2000,Standardtestmethodforfatigue crackgrowthratesofmetallicmaterials[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2000.(in Chinese)
[19]GB/T229―2007,金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2007.GB/T 229―2007, Metallic materials-Charpy pendulum impacttestmethod[S].Beijing:StandardsPressof China, 2007.(in Chinese)
[20]StephensRI,ChungJH,GlinkaG.Lowtemperature fatiguebehaviorofsteels–areview[R].Societyfor Automotive Engineering, Technical Paper 790517, 1979.
[21]Moody N R, Gerberich W W. Fatigue crack propagation in iron and two iron binary alloys at low temperatures[J].Materials Science and Engineering, 1979, 41:271―280.
[22]Verkin B, Grinberg N, Serdyuk V, et al. Low temperature fatiguefractureofmetalsandalloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering, 1983, 58:145―168.
[23]Tobler R L, Cheng Y W. Midrange fatigue crack growth datacorrelationsforstructuralalloysatroomand cryogenictemperatures[R].ASTMSTP857.Philadelphia,PA,AmericanSocietyforTestingsand Materials, 1985:3―30.
[24]LüB T, Zheng X L. Predicting fatigue crack growth rates and thresholds at low temperatures[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 1991, 148:179―188.
[25]赵建平,张秀敏,沈士明.材料韧脆转变温度数据处理方法探讨[J].油化工设备, 2004, 33(4):29―32.ZhaoJianping,ZhangXiumin,ShenShiming.Onthe methodofdataprocessingforductile-brittletransition temperature[J]. Petro-Chemical Equipment, 2004, 33(4):29―32.(in Chinese)
[26]王元清,廖小伟,张子富,等.输电线铁塔钢材的低温力学和冲击韧性试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(12):70―74.WangYuanqing,LiaoXiaowei,ZhangZifu,etal.Experimental study on mechanical properties and impact toughnessofsteelfortransmissionlinetowersatlow temperatures[J].JournalofHarbinInstituteof Technology, 2015, 47(12):70―74.(in Chinese)
[27]deJesusAMP,MatosR,FontouraBFC,etal.A comparisonofthefatiguebehaviorbetweenS355and S690steelgrades[J].JournalofConstructionalSteel Research, 2012, 79:140―150.
[28]HobbacherAF.Recommendationsforfatiguedesignof weldedjointsandcomponents[R].Paris:International Institute of Welding, 2008.
[29]Liaw P K, Logsdon W A. Fatigue crack growth threshold atcryogenictemperatures:Areview[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1985, 22(4):585―594.