氨基酸肥料对花椰菜产量和品质的影响研究
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摘要
为明确氨基酸营养对田间花椰菜的应用效果,通过田间试验方法研究,设置不施肥(CK0)、单施化肥(CK)以及施用化肥基础上不同氨基酸用量(30、60、90、120 L/hm~2)对花椰菜生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,淋施氨基酸能够促进花椰菜生长,提高产量和改善品质。至收获期,在单施化肥的基础上增施氨基酸,花椰菜株高、茎粗、开展度、叶绿素SPAD以及叶片数方面分别增加2.65%~11.42%、7.45%~12.01%、9.95%~15.53%、3.90%~4.98%和7.50%~11.50%。理论上增施氨基酸花椰菜产量和生物量可分别增加21.75%和15.03%,本研究实际分别增加10.92%~25.72%和10.09%~14.76%;维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别提高1.13%~4.51%和8.99%~16.40%,而且能够降低硝酸盐含量6.21%~23.51%。
This study aims to investigate the effects of amino acids nutrition on broccoli.Field experiments with six treatments including no fertilizer(CK0),chemical fertilizer only(CK)and different levels of amino acids fluid(30,60,90,120 applied with chemical fertilizer were conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth,yield and quality of broccoli.The results showed that the application of amino acids could promote the growth of broccoli,increase the yield and improve the quality.At the harvest time,compared with CK(chemical fertilizer only),amino acids application in addition to chemical fertilizer could increase the plant height,stem diameter,plant width,SPAD and leaf number by 2.65%-11.42%,7.45%-12.01%,9.95%-15.53%,3.90%-4.98% and 7.50%-11.50%,respectively.Theoretically,the yield and biomass could be increased by 21.75% and 15.03%,respectively.In the study,the yield and biomass were increased by 10.92%-25.72% and 10.09%-14.76%,respectively.The vitamin C and soluble sugar content were increased by 1.13%-4.51% and 8.99%-16.40%,respectively,and the nitrate content of broccoli was decreased by 6.21%-23.51%.
This study aims to investigate the effects of amino acids nutrition on broccoli.Field experiments with six treatments including no fertilizer(CK0),chemical fertilizer only(CK)and different levels of amino acids fluid(30,60,90,120 applied with chemical fertilizer were conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth,yield and quality of broccoli.The results showed that the application of amino acids could promote the growth of broccoli,increase the yield and improve the quality.At the harvest time,compared with CK(chemical fertilizer only),amino acids application in addition to chemical fertilizer could increase the plant height,stem diameter,plant width,SPAD and leaf number by 2.65%-11.42%,7.45%-12.01%,9.95%-15.53%,3.90%-4.98% and 7.50%-11.50%,respectively.Theoretically,the yield and biomass could be increased by 21.75% and 15.03%,respectively.In the study,the yield and biomass were increased by 10.92%-25.72% and 10.09%-14.76%,respectively.The vitamin C and soluble sugar content were increased by 1.13%-4.51% and 8.99%-16.40%,respectively,and the nitrate content of broccoli was decreased by 6.21%-23.51%.
引文
[1]王永红,冉炜,张富国,等.混合菌种固体发酵菜粕生产氨基酸肥料的条件研究[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(10):3530-3540.
[2]朱日清,方萍,张晓玲,孔定江.味精废液与微生物菌剂联用对基质培番茄的促生效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):810-815.
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[5]成学慧,冯新新,张治平,等.“爱乐壮”氨基酸肥料对大棚草莓叶片光合效率和产量的影响[J].果树学报,2012,29(5):883-889.
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[8]张树生,杨兴明,黄启为,等.施用氨基酸肥料对连作条件下黄瓜的生物效应及土壤生物性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(4):689-694.
[9]彭智平,于俊红,黄继川,等.氨基酸液体肥料对沙糖桔产量及品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014(6):78-79,109.
[10]黄继川,彭智平,吴雪娜,等.施用氨基酸对大白菜根系及土壤生物活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(28):194-198.
[11]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:200-201.
[12]曾芳,王荣辉,刘忠珍,等.蔬菜中硝酸盐和草酸盐的同时提取和离子色谱法测定[J].理化检验(化学分册),2009,45(7):772-774.
[13]张宪政.作物生理研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:150-155.
[14]王莹,史振声,王志斌,等.植物对氨基酸的吸收利用及氨基酸在农业中的应用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(1):6-11.
[15]刘庆城,许玉兰,张玉洁.氨基酸肥效作用的研究[J].氨基酸杂志,1992,19(4):1-4.
[16] Falkengren-Grerup U, Mansson K F, Olsson M O. Uptake capacity of amino acids by grasses and forbs in relation to soil acidity and nitrogen availability[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2000,44(3):207-219.
[17]许玉兰,刘庆城.用15N失踪方法研究氨基酸的肥效作用[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1998,20(2):20-23.
[18]吕倩,吴良欢,徐建龙,等.叶面喷施氨基酸铁肥对稻米铁含量和营养品质的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2010,36(5):528-534.
[19]张夫道,孙羲.氨基酸对水稻营养作用的研究[J].中国农业科学,1984(5):61-66.
[20]曹小闯,吴良欢,陈贤友,等.氨基酸部分替代硝态氮对小白菜产量、品质及根际分泌物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):699-705.
[21]吴良欢,陶勤南.植物有机营养无菌培养试验方法的研究与应用[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):551-558.
[22]吴良欢,陶勤南.水稻氨基酸态氮营养效应及其机理研究[J].土壤学报,2000,37(4):464-473.
[23]彭智平,黄继川,于俊红,等.叶面喷施味精废液对白菜产量和品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011(6):64-65.
[24]孙阳,王燚,曲丹阳,等.5-氨基乙酰丙酸提高玉米幼苗抗低温性及其生理机制[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1737-1743.
[25] Aslam M, Travis R L, Rains D W. Differential effects of amino acids on nitrate uptake and reduction systems in barley roots[J].Plant Science,2001,160(2):219-228.
[26]于俊红,彭智平,黄继川,等.三种氨基酸对菜心产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):1044-1050.
[2]朱日清,方萍,张晓玲,孔定江.味精废液与微生物菌剂联用对基质培番茄的促生效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):810-815.
[3]李静,李荣,沈其荣,等.田间动物源氨基酸水解液研制生物有机肥[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(6):967-973.
[4]曹小艳,汤璐,李百健,等.氨基酸螯合中微量元素肥料改善葡萄品质的研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):880-883.
[5]成学慧,冯新新,张治平,等.“爱乐壮”氨基酸肥料对大棚草莓叶片光合效率和产量的影响[J].果树学报,2012,29(5):883-889.
[6]谢荔,成学慧,冯新新,等.氨基酸肥料对“夏黑”葡萄叶片光合特性与果实品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(2):31-37.
[7]段春慧,申明,张治平,等.氨基酸肥料对大豆叶片光合作用与产量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(4):15-20.
[8]张树生,杨兴明,黄启为,等.施用氨基酸肥料对连作条件下黄瓜的生物效应及土壤生物性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(4):689-694.
[9]彭智平,于俊红,黄继川,等.氨基酸液体肥料对沙糖桔产量及品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014(6):78-79,109.
[10]黄继川,彭智平,吴雪娜,等.施用氨基酸对大白菜根系及土壤生物活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(28):194-198.
[11]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:200-201.
[12]曾芳,王荣辉,刘忠珍,等.蔬菜中硝酸盐和草酸盐的同时提取和离子色谱法测定[J].理化检验(化学分册),2009,45(7):772-774.
[13]张宪政.作物生理研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:150-155.
[14]王莹,史振声,王志斌,等.植物对氨基酸的吸收利用及氨基酸在农业中的应用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(1):6-11.
[15]刘庆城,许玉兰,张玉洁.氨基酸肥效作用的研究[J].氨基酸杂志,1992,19(4):1-4.
[16] Falkengren-Grerup U, Mansson K F, Olsson M O. Uptake capacity of amino acids by grasses and forbs in relation to soil acidity and nitrogen availability[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2000,44(3):207-219.
[17]许玉兰,刘庆城.用15N失踪方法研究氨基酸的肥效作用[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1998,20(2):20-23.
[18]吕倩,吴良欢,徐建龙,等.叶面喷施氨基酸铁肥对稻米铁含量和营养品质的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2010,36(5):528-534.
[19]张夫道,孙羲.氨基酸对水稻营养作用的研究[J].中国农业科学,1984(5):61-66.
[20]曹小闯,吴良欢,陈贤友,等.氨基酸部分替代硝态氮对小白菜产量、品质及根际分泌物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):699-705.
[21]吴良欢,陶勤南.植物有机营养无菌培养试验方法的研究与应用[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):551-558.
[22]吴良欢,陶勤南.水稻氨基酸态氮营养效应及其机理研究[J].土壤学报,2000,37(4):464-473.
[23]彭智平,黄继川,于俊红,等.叶面喷施味精废液对白菜产量和品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011(6):64-65.
[24]孙阳,王燚,曲丹阳,等.5-氨基乙酰丙酸提高玉米幼苗抗低温性及其生理机制[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1737-1743.
[25] Aslam M, Travis R L, Rains D W. Differential effects of amino acids on nitrate uptake and reduction systems in barley roots[J].Plant Science,2001,160(2):219-228.
[26]于俊红,彭智平,黄继川,等.三种氨基酸对菜心产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):1044-1050.